{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T18:11:18Z","timestamp":1776795078353,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005754","name":"Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005754","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008594","name":"Linn\u00e9a and Josef Carlssons Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T19:25:39Z","timestamp":1663788339000},"page":"108886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Perceived stigma in adults with epilepsy in Sweden and associations with country of birth, socioeconomic status, and mental health"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Klara","family":"Andersson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anneli","family":"Ozanne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Zelano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Malmgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Chaplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2007.12.019","article-title":"The global burden and stigma of epilepsy","volume":"12","author":"de Boer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301069","article-title":"Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities","volume":"103","author":"Hatzenbuehler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.02.022","article-title":"Correlates of perceived stigma for people living with epilepsy: a meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.02.004","article-title":"Pattern and determinants of self-reported enacted stigma among rural dwellers living with epilepsy attending a tertiary health facility in Enugu State Nigeria","volume":"56","author":"Ezeala-Adikaibe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.08.007","article-title":"Epilepsy, stigma, and family","volume":"78","author":"Tedrus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1192\/bjpo.bp.115.002345","article-title":"Psychosocial aspects of epilepsy: a wider approach","volume":"2","author":"Mula","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.04.002","article-title":"Levels of epilepsy stigma in an incident population and associated factors","volume":"21","author":"Taylor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107073","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation in adult patients with epilepsy: association with quality of life and stigma","volume":"107","author":"Tombini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.08.020","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and self-management in epilepsy: comparison of diverse clinical populations in Houston","volume":"19","author":"Begley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Texas Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107638","article-title":"Multiple stigma among first-generation immigrants with epilepsy in Sweden","volume":"115","author":"Andersson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90396-4","article-title":"Felt versus enacted stigma: a concept revisited. Evidence from a study of people with epilepsy in remission","volume":"38","author":"Jacoby","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.02.019","article-title":"Development and validation of the Kilifi Stigma Scale for Epilepsy in Kenya","volume":"24","author":"Mbuba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.04.055","article-title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of the Perceived Social Stigma Questionnaire (PSSQ-for adults with epilepsy): A mixed method study","volume":"96","author":"Shamsalinia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.12.023","article-title":"Development and validation of the stigma scale for epilepsy in Turkey","volume":"67","author":"Bayba\u015f","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.11.008","article-title":"Validity of the Neurology Quality-of-Life (Neuro-QoL) measurement system in adult epilepsy","volume":"31","author":"Victorson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb01994.x","article-title":"Cross-cultural adaptation and use of the epilepsy psychosocial effects scale: comparison between the psychosocial effects of chronic epilepsy in Sweden and the United Kingdom","volume":"40","author":"Chaplin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03572.x","article-title":"Patients' perceptions of living with epilepsy: a phenomenographic study","volume":"20","author":"R\u00e4ty","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.01.034","article-title":"Fifty-year follow-up of childhood epilepsy \u2013 social, psychometric, and occupational outcome","volume":"96","author":"Blomberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2013.05.016","article-title":"On the experience of stigma by persons with epilepsy in Sweden and Iran\u2013a comparative study","volume":"22","author":"Forsgren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.12.001","article-title":"Socioeconomic outcome and access to care in adults with epilepsy in Sweden: A nationwide cohort study","volume":"74","author":"Andersson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0105","unstructured":"Parkvall M. Spr\u00e5ken. Den nya m\u00e5ngfalden: Makadam f\u00f6rlag; 2019 [cited 2021 24th October 2021]. Det nya Sverige Riksbankens Jubileumsfonds \u00e5rsbok 2019]. Available from: https:\/\/www.rj.se\/globalassets\/rj-arsbocker\/rj2019-2_spraken_den_nya_mangfalden.pdf."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x","article-title":"Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation","volume":"8","author":"Wild","year":"2005","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cella D, Nowinski C, Peterman A, Victorson D, Miller D, Lai J-S, et al. The neurology quality-of-life measurement initiative. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2011;92(10, Supplement):S28\u2013S36.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.01.025"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2008.05.001","article-title":"Assessing severity of epilepsy in children: preliminary evidence of validity and reliability of a single-item scale","volume":"13","author":"Speechley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13216","article-title":"Global assessment of the severity of epilepsy (GASE) Scale in children: validity, reliability, responsiveness","volume":"56","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.07.036","article-title":"Determinants of disease severity in adults with epilepsy: results from the Neurological Diseases and Depression Study","volume":"51","author":"Sajobi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13102","article-title":"Correlates of disability related to seizures in persons with epilepsy","volume":"56","author":"Sajobi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"6516","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6516.344","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"292","author":"Snaith","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12754","article-title":"Validating screening tools for depression in epilepsy","volume":"55","author":"Fiest","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1842-3","article-title":"PROMIS(\u00ae)-29 v2.0 profile physical and mental health summary scores","volume":"27","author":"Hays","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.04.047","volume":"72","author":"Kobau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0160","unstructured":"HealthMeasures. Calculate scores HealthMeasures \u2013 transforming how health is measured: Northwestern University; [cited 2022 26 February 2022]. Available from: https:\/\/www.healthmeasures.net\/score-and-interpret\/calculate-scores."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.02.016","article-title":"Correlates of stigma in adults with epilepsy: a systematic review of quantitative studies","volume":"83","author":"Baker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108572","article-title":"Investigation of factors associated with stigma and social support in patients with epilepsy in Turkey: a cross-sectional study","volume":"128","author":"Karaka\u015f","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0175","article-title":"Risk and protective factors related to stigma among people with epilepsy: an integrative review","volume":"104","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1271-3","article-title":"The Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework: a global, crosscutting framework to inform research, intervention development, and policy on health-related stigmas","volume":"17","author":"Stangl","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.025","article-title":"Experiences and perspectives of stigmatization and discrimination against people with epilepsy in Accra, Ghana","volume":"87","author":"Dako-Gyeke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.06.006","article-title":"Psychosocial and sociodemographic associates of felt stigma in epilepsy","volume":"37","author":"Leaffer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505022003353?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505022003353?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T18:48:56Z","timestamp":1761504536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505022003353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S1525505022003353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Perceived stigma in adults with epilepsy in Sweden and associations with country of birth, socioeconomic status, and mental health","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108886","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108886"}}