{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:28:44Z","timestamp":1789453724390,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy &amp; Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T23:12:06Z","timestamp":1676848326000},"page":"109104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Phenobarbital in Status epilepticus \u2013 Rediscovery of an effective drug"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Eugen","family":"Trinka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12024","article-title":"How did phenobarbital's chemical structure affect the development of subsequent antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)?","volume":"53","author":"Bialer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680409701214","article-title":"One hundred years of barbiturates and their saint","volume":"97","author":"Cozanitis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12025","article-title":"How theories evolved concerning the mechanism of action of barbiturates","volume":"53","author":"L\u00f6scher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0020","first-page":"1907","article-title":"Luminal bei Epilepsie","volume":"5","author":"Hauptmann","year":"1912","journal-title":"MMW M\u00fcnch Med Wochenschr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0025","first-page":"331","article-title":"Die D\u00e4mmerattacken als charakteristischer Anfallstyp der temporalen Epilepsie (psychomotorische Anf\u00e4lle, Aquivalente, Automatismen) [Dreamy states as characteristic types of temporal epileptic seizures (psychomotoric seizures, equivalents, automatisms)]","volume":"24","author":"Meyer-Mickeleit","year":"1953","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1159\/000115515","article-title":"Nonconvulsive status epilepticus following generalized tonic-clonic seizures","volume":"21","author":"Bauer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0035","series-title":"Antiepileptic drugs","first-page":"496","article-title":"Phenobarbital \u2013 chemistry and pharmacokinetics and biotransformation","author":"Anderson","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01061382","article-title":"Kinetics of phenobarbital in normal subjects and epileptic patients","volume":"23","author":"Wilensky","year":"1982","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"Suppl 12","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02348.x","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of intravenous drugs in status epilepticus","volume":"50","author":"Bialer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)04266-1","article-title":"The rate of penetration of barbituric acid derivatives into the brain","volume":"100","author":"Butler","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)11806-5","article-title":"The passage of thiopental into brain","volume":"119","author":"Mark","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)25897-9","article-title":"An ontogenetic study of phenobarbital-C-14 in cat brain","volume":"130","author":"Domek","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0065","first-page":"S58","article-title":"Physiologic consequences of status epilepticus","volume":"26","author":"Simon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02662.x","article-title":"Phenobarbital pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in adults","volume":"22","author":"Nelson","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1985.tb02800.x","article-title":"Studies with stable isotopes II: Phenobarbital pharmacokinetics during monotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Browne","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1963.tb05221.x","article-title":"Accumulation of Phenobarbital in Man","volume":"4","author":"Svensmark","year":"1963","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80034-1","article-title":"Phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin levels in neonates with seizures","volume":"92","author":"Painter","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.31.9.1107","article-title":"Phenobarbital and phenytoin in neonatal seizures: metabolism and tissue distribution","volume":"31","author":"Painter","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1978233346","article-title":"Phenobarbital pharmacokinetics in neonates","volume":"23","author":"Pitlick","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)11203-2","article-title":"The interaction of barbiturates with serum albumin and its possible relation to their disposition and pharmacological actions","volume":"111","author":"Goldbaum","year":"1954","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03620.x","article-title":"The effect of age on serum concentrations of albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein","volume":"29","author":"Veering","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1954.tb01333.x","article-title":"Blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels and renal clearance of phenemal in treated epileptics","volume":"10","author":"Lous","year":"1954","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1975.tb04758.x","article-title":"Diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital, and primidone in saliva, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"16","author":"Schmidt","year":"1975","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600701113","article-title":"Distribution, metabolism, and elimination of phenobarbital in rats: physiologically based pharmacokinetic model","volume":"70","author":"Engasser","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1979.00500450029003","article-title":"Brain uptake of phenytoin, phenobarbital, and diazepam","volume":"36","author":"Ramsay","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1987.134","article-title":"Brain phenobarbital uptake during prolonged status epilepticus","volume":"7","author":"Simon","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0135","first-page":"139","article-title":"Phenobarbital enhances GABA-mediated postsynaptic inhibition in cultured mammalian neurons","volume":"102","author":"Macdonald","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans Am Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1126\/science.205953","article-title":"Different actions of anticonvulsant and anesthetic barbiturates revealed by use of cultured mammalian neurons","volume":"200","author":"Macdonald","year":"1978","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0145","first-page":"S7","article-title":"Cellular bases of barbiturate and phenytoin anticonvulsant drug action","volume":"23","author":"Macdonald","year":"1982","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.17.030194.003033","article-title":"GABAA receptor channels","volume":"17","author":"Macdonald","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90766-G","article-title":"Use-dependent pentobarbital block of kainate and quisqualate currents","volume":"608","author":"Marszalec","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199004000-00012","article-title":"Molecular actions of pentobarbital isomers on sodium channels from human brain cortex","volume":"72","author":"Frenkel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0165","unstructured":"Brunton L, Lazo JS, Parker KL, editors. Goodman and Gilman\u2019s, The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 11th ed., Section III, Ch. 16. McGraw Hill; 2006. pp 414."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/1044-5765(91)90019-K","article-title":"Biophysical properties and regulation of GABAA receptor channels","volume":"3","author":"Macdonald","year":"1991","journal-title":"Semin Neurosci"},{"issue":"6455","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/366565a0","article-title":"GABAA receptor needs two homologous domains of the beta-subunit for activation by GABA but not by pentobarbital","volume":"366","author":"Amin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-08-03211.1993","article-title":"Calcium current block by (-)-pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and CHEB but not (+)-pentobarbital in acutely isolated hippocampal CA1 neurons: comparison with effects on GABA-activated Cl- current","author":"ffrench-Mullen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1979.tb04783.x","article-title":"Differential selectivity of several barbiturates on experimental seizures and neurotoxicity in the mouse","volume":"20","author":"Raines","year":"1979","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(89)90006-5","article-title":"Phenobarbital treatment of status epilepticus in a rodent model","volume":"4","author":"Walton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(88)90023-X","article-title":"Experimental secondarily generalized convulsive status epilepticus induced by D,L-homocysteine thiolactone","volume":"2","author":"Walton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10085","article-title":"Phenobarbital and MK-801, but not phenytoin, improve the long-term outcome of status epilepticus","volume":"51","author":"Prasad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12552","article-title":"Combination of antiseizure medications phenobarbital, ketamine, and midazolam reduces soman-induced epileptogenesis and brain pathology in rats","volume":"6","author":"Lumley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.02.027","article-title":"Single versus combinatorial therapies in status epilepticus: Novel data from preclinical models","volume":"49","author":"L\u00f6scher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.2.202","article-title":"Treatment of status epilepticus: a prospective comparison of diazepam and phenytoin versus phenobarbital and optional phenytoin","volume":"38","author":"Shaner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809173391202","article-title":"A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group","volume":"339","author":"Treiman","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-016-0388-6","article-title":"Phenobarbital Versus Valproate for Generalized Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Adults: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in China","volume":"30","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2021.106755","article-title":"Phenobarbital versus valproate for generalized convulsive status epilepticus in adults (2): A multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial in China (China 2-P vs. V)","volume":"177","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0235","series-title":"Status epilepticus: mechanisms and management","first-page":"553","article-title":"Phenobarbital in the treatment of status epilepticus","author":"Faught","year":"2006"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0240","article-title":"Intravenous antiepileptic drugs in adults with benzodiazepine-resistant convulsive status epilepticus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Brigo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1037","article-title":"Indirect and mixed-treatment comparison, network, or multiple treatments meta-analysis: many names, many benefits, many concerns for the next generation evidence synthesis tool","volume":"3","author":"Salanti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-2-201307160-00008","article-title":"Conceptual and technical challenges in network meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"Cipriani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001103","article-title":"Management of Status Epilepticus, Refractory Status Epilepticus, and Super-refractory Status Epilepticus","volume":"28","author":"Trinka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.7.1035","article-title":"Very-high-dose phenobarbital for refractory status epilepticus in children","volume":"38","author":"Crawford","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0265","first-page":"2597","article-title":"Very high dose phenobarbital for refractory status epilepticus","volume":"90","author":"Tiamkao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2015.0778","article-title":"Mega-dose phenobarbital therapy for super-refractory status epilepticus","volume":"17","author":"Byun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200205000-00025","article-title":"Thiopental inhibits the activation of nuclear factor kappaB","volume":"96","author":"Loop","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200308000-00017","article-title":"Thiopental inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced activation of nuclear factor kappaB through suppression of kappaB kinase activity","volume":"99","author":"Loop","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio233181a0","article-title":"Suppression of immunity by phenobarbital","volume":"233","author":"Park","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nat New Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196609000-00031","article-title":"Porphyria and thiopentone","volume":"27","author":"Eales","year":"1966","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2012.705828","article-title":"Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome: an update","volume":"11","author":"Knowles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1920.02620350010003","article-title":"Experiences with luminal in epilepsy","volume":"75","author":"Grinker","year":"1920","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0305","first-page":"2019","article-title":"Le traitement des \u00e9tats de mal \u00e9pileptiques [Treatment for status epilepticus]","volume":"32","author":"Guillaume","year":"1956","journal-title":"Sem Hop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1112345","article-title":"\u00c4tiologie und Therapie des Status Epilepticus Etiology and Therapy of Status Epilepticus","volume":"88","author":"Janz","year":"1963","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12264","article-title":"Historical vignette: medical treatment of status epilepticus","volume":"54","author":"Janz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shorvon SD, Trinka E, Walker MC. The proceedings of the First London Colloquium on Status Epilepticus--University College London, April 12\u201315, 2007. Introduction. Epilepsia 2007;48(Suppl 8):1\u20133. Erratum in: Epilepsia. 2007;48(12):2382.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01333.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01706_3.x","article-title":"Task Force on Status Epilepticus of the ILAE Commission for European Affairs. The drug treatment of status epilepticus in Europe: consensus document from a workshop at the first London Colloquium on Status Epilepticus","volume":"49","author":"Shorvon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02917.x","article-title":"EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults","volume":"17","author":"Meierkord","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1905795","article-title":"Randomized Trial of Three Anticonvulsant Medications for Status Epilepticus","volume":"381","author":"Kapur","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5698\/1535-7597-16.1.48","article-title":"Evidence-Based Guideline: Treatment of Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children and Adults: Report of the Guideline Committee of the American Epilepsy Society","volume":"16","author":"Glauser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Curr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenow F, Weber J, et al. Status epilepticus im Erwachsenenalter, S2k-Leitlinie, 2020. In: Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Neurologie (Hrsg.), Leitlinien f\u00fcr Diagnostik und Therapie in der Neurologie. Online: www.dgn.org\/leitlinien. Last accessed 25th Sep 2022.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-020-01036-2"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0350","first-page":"2469","article-title":"Suomen Lastenneurologinen Yhdistys RY:n; Suomen Neurologinen Yhdistys RY:n Asettama Ty\u00f6ryhm\u00e4. Pitkittynyt epileptinen kohtaus [Update on current care guidelines. The treatment of status epilepticus]","volume":"125","author":"K\u00e4lvi\u00e4inen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Duodecim"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(99)00006-8","article-title":"The use of phenobarbitone in the management of agitation and seizures at the end of life","volume":"17","author":"Stirling","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909114555157","article-title":"Evaluation of Subcutaneous Phenobarbital Administration in Hospice Patients","volume":"33","author":"Hosgood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1159\/000522558","article-title":"Evading Seizures: Phenobarbital Reintroduced as a Multifunctional Approach to End-of-Life Care","volume":"15","author":"Senderovich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505023000227?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505023000227?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T18:49:10Z","timestamp":1761504550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505023000227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S1525505023000227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Phenobarbital in Status epilepticus \u2013 Rediscovery of an effective drug","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109104","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109104"}}