{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T15:34:53Z","timestamp":1785512093258,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793750400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":338,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T01:44:19Z","timestamp":1762307059000},"page":"110794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["To select or not to select: evaluating the effectiveness of SeLECT score in predicting the risk of post-stroke seizures: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Ayaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8393-3778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syeda Amrah","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Asjad","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6103-4250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ifrah","family":"Zawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211065917","article-title":"World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022","volume":"17","author":"Feigin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6618a5","article-title":"CDC Grand Rounds: Public Health Strategies to Prevent and Treat Strokes","volume":"66","author":"George","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009616","article-title":"Prevalence of Individuals Experiencing the Effects of Stroke in Canada: Trends and Projections","volume":"46","author":"Krueger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1179\/1074935715Z.00000000062","article-title":"The pooled incidence of post-stroke seizure in 102\u2009008 patients","volume":"22","author":"Zou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.08.007","article-title":"Ischaemic stroke in adults and epilepsy","volume":"87","author":"Menon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000130989.17100.96","article-title":"Seizures and epilepsy after ischemic stroke","volume":"35","author":"Camilo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.2.195","article-title":"Poststroke seizures","volume":"59","author":"Silverman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004407","article-title":"Incidence and management of seizures after ischemic stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02285.x","article-title":"Recommendation for a definition of acute symptomatic seizure","volume":"51","author":"Beghi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02952.x","article-title":"ILAE Commission on Epidemiology; Subcommission on Mortality. Combined analysis of risk factors for SUDEP","volume":"52","author":"Hesdorffer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30404-0","article-title":"Prediction of late seizures after ischaemic stroke with a novel prognostic model (the SeLECT score): a multivariable prediction model development and validation study","volume":"17","author":"Galovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30460-X","article-title":"The SeLECT score is inappropriate to predict post-stroke epilepsy","volume":"17","author":"Finsterer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30075-9","article-title":"The SeLECT score is useful to predict post-stroke epilepsy","volume":"17","author":"Galovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0070","unstructured":"Hatano S. Experience from a multicentre stroke register: a preliminary report. Bull World Health Organ. 1976;54(5):541-53. PMID: 1088404; PMCID: PMC2366492."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","article-title":"QUADAS-2 Group. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"155","author":"Whiting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gruber J, Gattringer T, Mayr G, et al. Frequency and predictors of poststroke epilepsy after mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion stroke: results from a multicenter cohort study. J Neurol. 2023 Dec;270(12):6064-6070. doi: 10.1007\/s00415-023-11966-x. Epub 2023 Sep 2. PMID: 37658859; PMCID: PMC10632247.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11966-x"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70154","article-title":"Voxel-Based Lesion Symptom Mapping to Predict Poststroke Epilepsy After Mechanical Thrombectomy","volume":"32","author":"Gruber","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S324271","article-title":"Predictive Values of the SeLECT Score and IL-1\u03b2 for Post-Stroke Epilepsy","volume":"27","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Din\u00e7 Y, Demir AB, \u00d6zkaya G, et al. Specificity and sensitivity of the SeLECT score in predicting late seizures in patients undergoing intravenous thrombolytic treatment and the effect of diabetes mellitus and leukoaraiosis. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2023 Mar;81(3):217-224. doi: 10.1055\/s-0043-1767764. Epub 2023 Apr 14. PMID: 37059430; PMCID: PMC10104754.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1767764"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka T, Fukuma K, Abe S, et al. Association of Cortical Superficial Siderosis with Post-Stroke Epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 2023 Feb;93(2):357-370. doi: 10.1002\/ana.26497. Epub 2022 Sep 20. PMID: 36053955; PMCID: PMC10087209.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26497"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.0611","article-title":"Association of Mortality and Risk of Epilepsy With Type of Acute Symptomatic Seizure After Ischemic Stroke and an Updated Prognostic Model","volume":"80","author":"Sinka","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2025.0465","article-title":"Risk of Poststroke Epilepsy Among Young Adults With Ischemic Stroke or Intracerebral Hemorrhage","volume":"82","author":"Verburgt;","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.04.022","article-title":"Long-term epilepsy after early post-stroke status epilepticus","volume":"69","author":"Abraira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Seizure."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schubert KM, Zieglg\u00e4nsberger D, Bicciato G, et al. Association of the Timing and Type of Acute Symptomatic Seizures With Poststroke Epilepsy and Mortality. Stroke. 2025 Jul;56(7):1748-1757. doi: 10.1161\/STROKEAHA.124.050045. Epub 2025 Apr 24. PMID: 40270248; PMCID: PMC12180697.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.124.050045"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meletti S, Cuccurullo C, Orlandi N, et al. Prediction of epilepsy after stroke: Proposal of a modified SeLECT 2.0 score based on posttreatment stroke outcome. Epilepsia. 2024 Nov;65(11):3234-3243. doi: 10.1111\/epi.18114. Epub 2024 Sep 5. PMID: 39235830.","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18114"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2024-333505","article-title":"Implications for driving based on the risk of seizures after ischaemic stroke","volume":"95","author":"Schubert","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schubert KM, Dasari V, Oliveira AL, et al. The Role of Electroencephalography in Predicting Post-Stroke Seizures and an Updated Prognostic Model (SeLECT-EEG). Ann Neurol. 2025 Jun 26. doi: 10.1002\/ana.27301. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40568812.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.11.28.24318126"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones FJS, Sanches PR, Smith JR, et al. Anticonvulsant Primary and Secondary Prophylaxis for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Decision Analysis. Stroke. 2021 Aug;52(9):2782-2791. doi: 10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.033299. Epub 2021 Jun 15. PMID: 34126758; PMCID: PMC8384723.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.033299"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2024.107397","article-title":"Development and validation of an interpretable machine learning model for predicting post-stroke epilepsy","volume":"205","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0150","unstructured":"SeLECT Consortium Website. Available at: https:\/\/select-consortium.com\/. Accessed October 11, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira-Atuesta C, D\u00f6hler N, Erd\u00e9lyi-Canavese B, et al. Seizures after Ischemic Stroke: A Matched Multicenter Study. Ann Neurol. 2021 Nov;90(5):808-820. doi: 10.1002\/ana.26212. Epub 2021 Sep 30. PMID: 34505305; PMCID: PMC9292028.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26212"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200421100-00003","article-title":"Poststroke epilepsy: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management","volume":"21","author":"Ferro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drugs Aging."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70310-0","article-title":"Mechanisms of epileptogenesis and potential treatment targets","volume":"10","author":"Pitk\u00e4nen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.03.020","article-title":"A population-based study of epilepsy incidence in association with type 2 diabetes and severe hypoglycaemia","volume":"140","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0175","unstructured":"Matheus AS, Tannus LR, Cobas RA, et al. Impact of diabetes on cardiovascular disease: an update. Int J Hypertens. 2013;2013:653789. doi: 10.1155\/2013\/653789. Epub 2013 Mar 4. PMID: 23533715; PMCID: PMC3603160."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.1935","article-title":"Association Between Midlife Risk Factors and Late-Onset Epilepsy: Results From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"75","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"2022","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0185","article-title":"Poststroke Seizure and Epilepsy: A Review of Incidence, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Therapies","volume":"26","author":"Phan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Xiaoyu, Tao, Zhang1, You, Chao, et al. Extended resection of hemosiderin fringe is better for seizure outcome: A study in patients with cavernous malformation associated with refractory epilepsy. Neurology India 61(3):p 288-292, May\u2013Jun 2013. | DOI: 10.4103\/0028-3886.115070.","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.115070"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440609","article-title":"Risk of unprovoked seizure after acute symptomatic seizure: effect of status epilepticus","volume":"44","author":"Hesdorffer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."}],"container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505025005347?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505025005347?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T17:42:41Z","timestamp":1763746961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505025005347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S1525505025005347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"To select or not to select: evaluating the effectiveness of SeLECT score in predicting the risk of post-stroke seizures: a systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110794","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110794"}}