{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:30:21Z","timestamp":1777876221482,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010391","name":"Tokyo Women's Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T17:50:54Z","timestamp":1775497854000},"page":"111009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Quantitative analysis of clonic upper limb movements in bilateral Tonic\u2013Clonic seizures and Functional\/Dissociative seizures using optical flow"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"180","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9933-8428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Saito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6416-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izumi","family":"Kuramochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5410-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Go","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0335-6339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sodai","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Tamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisaya","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13351","article-title":"The semiology of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures revisited: can video alone predict the diagnosis? Preliminary data from a prospective feasibility study","volume":"57","author":"Erba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12669","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of surface electromyography during epileptic and nonepileptic convulsive seizures","volume":"55","author":"Beniczky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4162","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18574","article-title":"ILAE functional\/dissociative seizures task force. functional\/dissociative seizures: Proposal for a new diagnostic label and definition by the ILAE task force","volume":"66","author":"Hingray","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(81)90024-2","article-title":"Determining optical flow","volume":"17","author":"Horn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Artif Intell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2025.110486","article-title":"Clinical application and new visualization techniques of 3D-quantitative motion analysis in epileptic seizures characterized by ictal automatic movements","volume":"170","author":"Loesch-Biffar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01461-z","article-title":"AI in medicine must be explainable","volume":"27","author":"Kundu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2024.109735","article-title":"Deep learning approaches for seizure video analysis: a review","volume":"154","author":"Ahmedt-Aristizabal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farneb\u00e4ck G. Two-frame motion estimation based on polynomial expansion. In: Bigun J, Gustavsson T, editors. Image analysis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2003. p. 363-70. Doi: 10.1007\/3-540-45103-X_50.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45103-X_50"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009_b0045","series-title":"Textbook of epilepsy surgery","author":"Luders","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2012.09.004","article-title":"Dynamics of muscle activation during tonic\u2013clonic seizures","volume":"104","author":"Conradsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.03.054","article-title":"How variable are psychogenic nonepileptic seizures? a retrospective semiological study","volume":"377","author":"Asadi-Pooya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000202102","article-title":"A simultaneous intracranial EEG-surface EMG analysis of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (P10-1.004)","volume":"100","author":"Acar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/epd2.70035","article-title":"Surface\u2010electromyography characteristics of clonic seizures with no scalp\u2010EEG correlate: a comparative analysis with tremors","volume":"27","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.10.024","article-title":"How reliable is ictal duration to differentiate psychogenic nonepileptic seizures from epileptic seizures?","volume":"66","author":"Seneviratne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505026001307?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505026001307?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:17:38Z","timestamp":1777587458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505026001307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["S1525505026001307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Quantitative analysis of clonic upper limb movements in bilateral Tonic\u2013Clonic seizures and Functional\/Dissociative seizures using optical flow","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111009"}}