{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T22:17:22Z","timestamp":1783203442158,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Government of Japan Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMH 23FC1013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMH 23FC1013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy &amp; Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:14:35Z","timestamp":1777587275000},"page":"111070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Efficacy and safety of fenfluramine in Dravet syndrome; A monocentric, observational study focused on initial dose, blood concentration, and reduction of concomitant medications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"181","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2582-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akihiro","family":"Iguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tokito","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2993-6526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Tsuyusaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Otani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Miyashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manami","family":"Yabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8438-9284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsumi","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.02994.x","article-title":"The core Dravet syndrome phenotype","volume":"52","author":"Dravet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-022-00898-1","article-title":"A practical guide to the treatment of Dravet syndrome with anti-seizure medication","volume":"36","author":"Strzelczyk","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32500-0","article-title":"Fenfluramine hydrochloride for the treatment of seizures in Dravet syndrome: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Lagae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.09.007","article-title":"Mortality in Dravet syndrome: a review","volume":"64","author":"Shmuely","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2016.10.006","article-title":"Mortality in Dravet syndrome","volume":"128","author":"Cooper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03311.x","article-title":"Acute encephalopathy in children with Dravet syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Okumura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809103391102","article-title":"A population-based study of appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of cardiac-valve regurgitation","volume":"339","author":"Jick","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708283370901","article-title":"Valvular heart disease with fenfluramine-phentermine","volume":"337","author":"Connolly","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2024.2373350","article-title":"Evaluating bexicaserin for the treatment of developmental epileptic encephalopathies","volume":"25","author":"Dell'isola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0050","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. BMB-101 in Absence Epilepsy and DEE. Identifier: NCT06401538. Sponsor: Bright Minds Biosciences Pty Ltd. Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06401538. Accessed April 18, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1192022","article-title":"Fenfluramine: a plethora of mechanisms?","volume":"14","author":"Sourbron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0060","first-page":"1159","article-title":"Fenfluramine: a review of pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and safety in epilepsy","volume":"9","author":"Samanta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12998","article-title":"Practical considerations for the use of fenfluramine to manage patients with Dravet syndrome or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in clinical practice","volume":"9","author":"Wirrell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17162","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of fenfluramine in clinical practice: pharmacokinetic variability and impact of concomitant antiseizure medications","volume":"63","author":"Schoonjans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6098.1322","article-title":"Plasma fenfluramine levels, weight loss, and side effects","volume":"2","author":"Inners","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03495.x","article-title":"Successful use of fenfluramine as an add-on treatment for Dravet syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Ceulemans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.10.024","article-title":"Impact of fenfluramine on the expected SUDEP mortality rates in patients with Dravet syndrome","volume":"93","author":"Cross","year":"2021","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanda Y. Investigation of the freely-available easy-to-use software \u2018\u2018EZR\u2019\u2019 (Easy R) for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013: 48, 452-458. Advance online publication 3 December 2012; doi: 10.1038\/bmt.2012.244.","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheffer IE, Nabbout R, Lagae L, Devinsky O, Auvin S, Thiele EA, et al. Long-term safety and effectiveness of fenfluramine in children and adults with Dravet syndrome. Epilepsia. 205; 66: 1919-1932. doi: 10.1111\/epi.18342.","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18342"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17598","article-title":"Comparative activity of the enantiomers of fenfluramine and norfenfluramine in rodent seizure models, and relationship with their concentrations in plasma and brain","volume":"64","author":"Erenburg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052522","article-title":"Stereoselective Analysis of the Antiseizure activity of Fenfluramine and Norfenfluramine in mice: isl-Norfenfluramine a Better Follow-up compound to Racemic-Fenfluramine?","volume":"25","author":"Erenburg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4501","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18542","article-title":"Enantioselective comparative analysis of the anticonvulsant potency of fenfluramine and norfenfluramine in mice","volume":"66","author":"Sheeni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03358-2","article-title":"Efficacy of Fenfluramine and Norfenfluramine Enantiomers and Various Antiepileptic Drugs in a Zebrafish Model of Dravet Syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0120","article-title":"Resolution of Fenfluramine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: a case report and literature review","volume":"19","author":"Strafella","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3949","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy treated with established and new antiepileptic drugs: a 30-year longitudinal cohort study","volume":"75","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14536","article-title":"Do children with Dravet syndrome continue to benefit from stiripentol for long through adulthood?","volume":"59","author":"Chiron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr129","article-title":"Dravet syndrome as epileptic encephalopathy: evidence from long-term course and neuropathology","volume":"134","author":"Catarino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12652","article-title":"Dravet syndrome-from epileptic encephalopathy for channelopathy","volume":"55","author":"Brunklaus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070_b0145","article-title":"Optimal dose of fenfluramine in adjuvant treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy: evidence from randomized controlled trials","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurol"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505026001915?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505026001915?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T21:59:39Z","timestamp":1783202379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505026001915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S1525505026001915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficacy and safety of fenfluramine in Dravet syndrome; A monocentric, observational study focused on initial dose, blood concentration, and reduction of concomitant medications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111070","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111070"}}