{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:02:27Z","timestamp":1791928947314,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy &amp; Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T09:20:09Z","timestamp":1784712009000},"page":"111218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures: A scoping review of clinical features, diagnostic testing including genetics, long-term outcomes, mortality, and current and emerging therapeutic strategies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"184","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5154-8717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debopam","family":"Samanta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt073","article-title":"Migrating partial seizures of infancy: expansion of the electroclinical, radiological and pathological disease spectrum","volume":"136","author":"McTague","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17239","article-title":"ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions","volume":"63","author":"Zuberi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1995.tb00961.x","article-title":"Migrating partial seizures in infancy: a malignant disorder with developmental arrest","volume":"36","author":"Coppola","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073807309771","article-title":"Migrating focal seizures in infancy: analysis of the electroclinical patterns in 17 patients","volume":"23","author":"Caraballo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(01)00197-8","article-title":"Malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy","volume":"46","author":"Veneselli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380001501102","article-title":"Migrating partial seizures in infancy: two new cases","volume":"15","author":"Wilmshurst","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2441","article-title":"De novo gain-of-function KCNT1 channel mutations cause malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy","volume":"44","author":"Barcia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12975","article-title":"Efficacy of anti-seizure medications and alternative therapies (ketogenic diet, CBD, and quinidine) in KCNT1-related epilepsy: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Gras","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5096","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15479","article-title":"Precision therapy with quinidine of KCNT1-related epileptic disorders: a systematic review","volume":"88","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arksey H, O'malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol 2005;8: 19-32.","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004762","article-title":"Clinical and molecular characterization of KCNT1-related severe early-onset epilepsy","volume":"90","author":"McTague","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16480","article-title":"KCNT1-related epilepsy: an international multicenter cohort of 27 pediatric cases","volume":"61","author":"Borlot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e121","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13072","article-title":"De novo KCNT1 mutations in early-onset epileptic encephalopathy","volume":"56","author":"Ohba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001926","article-title":"SCN2A encephalopathy: a major cause of epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures","volume":"85","author":"Howell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14428","article-title":"BRAT1 encephalopathy: a recessive cause of epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures","volume":"62","author":"Scheffer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2329048X18767738","article-title":"De Novo KCNQ2 Mutation in one Case of Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures that Evolved to Infantile Spasms","volume":"5","author":"Duan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Neurol Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2018.1011","article-title":"KCNQ2 mutation in an infant with encephalopathy of infancy with migrating focal seizures","volume":"20","author":"Freibauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25619","article-title":"The Genetic Landscape of Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures","volume":"86","author":"Burgess","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3635","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab219","article-title":"KCNT1-related epilepsies and epileptic encephalopathies: phenotypic and mutational spectrum","volume":"144","author":"Bonardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.05.007","article-title":"Effects of acetazolamide on epileptic apnea in migrating partial seizures in infancy","volume":"96","author":"Irahara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.08.057","article-title":"Three cases of KCNT1 Mutations: Malignant Migrating Partial Seizures in Infancy with Massive Systemic to Pulmonary Collateral arteries","volume":"191","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0115","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular malformations in genetic epileptic encephalopathy: a rare, fatal case report","volume":"53","author":"Garancini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14427","article-title":"Recurrent pulmonary hemorrhage in juvenile patients with KCNT1 mutation","volume":"63","author":"Ikeda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1017\/S104795112300447X","article-title":"Life-threatening pulmonary haemorrhage treated with coil embolisation followed by lobectomy in a patient with KCNT1 mutation","volume":"34","author":"Chauhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-025-04131-w","article-title":"Systemic-Pulmonary Collaterals in KCNT1-Related Disorders: Precise Nomenclature and Management","author":"Delaney","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2019.1026","article-title":"Quinidine therapy and therapeutic drug monitoring in four patients with KCNT1 mutations","volume":"21","author":"Yoshitomi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13974-9","article-title":"Analysis of clinical phenotypic and genotypic spectra in 36 children patients with Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/epd2.20182","article-title":"HCN1 pathogenic variants associated with childhood epilepsy in a cohort of chinese patients","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.01.009","article-title":"Different types of suppression-burst patterns in patients with epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS)","volume":"65","author":"Yoshitomi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000178","article-title":"Characteristic Features of the Interictal EEG Background in 2 patients with Malignant Migrating Partial Epilepsy in Infancy","volume":"32","author":"Selioutski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0160","first-page":"735","article-title":"Wu XR","volume":"54","author":"Shang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2996","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz240","article-title":"KCNT1 epilepsy with migrating focal seizures shows a temporal sequence with poor outcome, high mortality and SUDEP","volume":"142","author":"Kuchenbuch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e363","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000363","article-title":"Epilepsy with migrating focal seizures: KCNT1 mutation hotspots and phenotype variability","volume":"5","author":"Barcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14605","article-title":"Quantitative analysis and EEG markers of KCNT1 epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures","volume":"60","author":"Kuchenbuch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18425","article-title":"Insights from stereoelectroencephalography in KCNT1-related focal epilepsy suggest a multifocal and migrating epileptogenic network","volume":"66","author":"Gokce-Samar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2007.0106","article-title":"Temporal lobe dual pathology in malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy","volume":"9","author":"Coppola","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2011.12.004","article-title":"Migrating focal seizures during infancy: a case report and pathologic study","volume":"46","author":"Fasulo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.06.006","article-title":"Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures: a structural abnormality or a metabolic disturbance?","volume":"47","author":"Konanki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000213373","article-title":"Infantile TK2 Deficiency Causing Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy with Migrating Focal Seizures","volume":"104","author":"Bergonzini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.70057","article-title":"Genetic etiologies with a large NGS panel in a monocentric cohort of 1000 patients with pediatric onset epilepsies","volume":"10","author":"Barcia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.113904","article-title":"Disease-causing Slack potassium channel mutations produce opposite effects on excitability of excitatory and inhibitory neurons","volume":"43","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108303","article-title":"Reduced GABAergic Neuron Excitability, Altered Synaptic Connectivity, and Seizures in a KCNT1 Gain-of-Function Mouse Model of Childhood Epilepsy","volume":"33","author":"Shore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13071","article-title":"Mutations in KCNT1 cause a spectrum of focal epilepsies","volume":"56","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30072","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30072","article-title":"Impaired neuronal KCC2 function by biallelic SLC12A5 mutations in migrating focal seizures and severe developmental delay","volume":"6","author":"Saitsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2024.1372662","article-title":"A novel pathogenic SLC12A5 missense variant in epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures causes impaired KCC2 chloride extrusion","volume":"17","author":"J\u00e4rvel\u00e4","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12450","article-title":"Severe infantile epileptic encephalopathy due to mutations in PLCB1: expansion of the genotypic and phenotypic disease spectrum","volume":"56","author":"Ngoh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17542","article-title":"WWOX developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: Understanding the epileptology and the mortality risk","volume":"64","author":"Oliver","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2020.1168","article-title":"Early-onset epileptic encephalopathy with migrating focal seizures associated with a FARS2 homozygous nonsense variant","volume":"22","author":"Ville","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e593","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000593","article-title":"Migrating Focal Seizures and Myoclonic Status in ARV1-Related Encephalopathy","volume":"7","author":"Darra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5056","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02900-9","article-title":"Functional Investigation of TUBB4A Variants Associated with Different Clinical Phenotypes","volume":"59","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12451","article-title":"A novel possible familial cause of epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures related to SZT2 gene variant","volume":"6","author":"El Halabi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2023.11.020","article-title":"The first report of a korean\/vietnamese child with novel pathogenic variants in Asparagine Synthetase Deficiency (ASNSD) with evolving epilepsy syndromes","volume":"114","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2017.05.007","article-title":"A patient with Muenke syndrome manifesting migrating neonatal seizures","volume":"39","author":"Okubo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2016.01.001","article-title":"Successful treatment of migrating partial seizures in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome with bromide","volume":"38","author":"Itakura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebcr.2014.02.003","article-title":"Migrating partial seizures in infancy and 47XYY syndrome: Cause or coincidence?","volume":"2","author":"Iyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.4103\/ni.ni_1143_22","article-title":"Aicardi Syndrome in an Infant with Migrating Focal Seizure","volume":"72","author":"Agrawal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03091.x","article-title":"Malignant migrating partial seizures in Aicardi syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Jocic-Jakubi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2016.10.015","article-title":"Efficacy of sodium channel blockers in SCN2A early infantile epileptic encephalopathy","volume":"39","author":"Dilena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.05.004","article-title":"Intravenous levetiracetam terminates refractory status epilepticus in two patients with migrating partial seizures in infancy","volume":"86","author":"Cilio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2005.06.011","article-title":"Levetiracetam in a neonate with malignant migrating partial seizures","volume":"34","author":"Hmaimess","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0310","first-page":"8","article-title":"Clinical polymorphism of malignant epilepsy of infancy with migrating multifocal seizures (8 cases)","volume":"Suppl 3","author":"Petrukhin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2012.03.016","article-title":"Malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy controlled by stiripentol and clonazepam","volume":"35","author":"Merdariu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2011.0402","article-title":"The efficacy of bromides, stiripentol and levetiracetam in two patients with malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy","volume":"13","author":"Djuric","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008842","article-title":"Clinical reasoning: a 6-week-old infant with migrating focal seizures","volume":"94","author":"Bushlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2016.01.004","article-title":"Characterization of two de novoKCNT1 mutations in children with malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy","volume":"72","author":"Rizzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14551","article-title":"Lack of response to quinidine in KCNT1-related neonatal epilepsy","volume":"59","author":"Numis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2014.06.016","article-title":"Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures: six patients treated with bromide","volume":"23","author":"Caraballo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(99)00108-4","article-title":"Successful control with bromide of two patients with malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy","volume":"22","author":"Okuda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2010.07.008","article-title":"Bromoderma in a patient with migrating partial seizures in infancy","volume":"91","author":"Nabatame","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2015.0741","article-title":"Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures: three patients treated with the ketogenic diet","volume":"17","author":"Caraballo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12836","article-title":"Use of ketogenic dietary therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy in early infancy","volume":"9","author":"Armeno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111053","article-title":"Caregiver perspectives on disease burden and treatment priorities in KCNT1-related disorders","volume":"181","author":"Bryan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2019.02.002","article-title":"Concurrent Quinidine and Phenobarbital in the Treatment of a Patient with 2 KCNT1 Mutations","volume":"90","author":"Passey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res Clin Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_229_18","article-title":"Two South Indian Children with KCNT1-Related Malignant Migrating Focal Seizures of Infancy - Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Targeted Treatment with Quinidine","volume":"22","author":"Patil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24229","article-title":"Targeted treatment of migrating partial seizures of infancy with quinidine","volume":"76","author":"Bearden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2019.12.024","article-title":"Response to cannabidiol in epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures associated with KCNT1 mutations: an open-label, prospective, interventional study","volume":"25","author":"Poisson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-019-00739-y","article-title":"Treatment Responsiveness in KCNT1-Related Epilepsy","volume":"16","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-231178","article-title":"Infantile refractory seizures due to de novo KCNT 1 mutation","volume":"12","author":"Alsaleem","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2015.12.012","article-title":"Usefulness of ketogenic diet in a girl with migrating partial seizures in infancy","volume":"38","author":"Mori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24128","article-title":"KCNT1 gain of function in 2 epilepsy phenotypes is reversed by quinidine","volume":"75","author":"Milligan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14102230","article-title":"Therapeutic Drug monitoring of Quinidine in Pediatric patients with KCNT1 Genetic Variants","volume":"14","author":"Ferretti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0415","article-title":"Efficacy of Anti-seizure Medications, Quinidine, and Ketogenic Diet Therapy for KCNT1-Related Epilepsy and Genotype-Efficacy Correlation Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.648519","article-title":"Case Report of Novel Genetic Variant in KCNT1 Channel and Pharmacological Treatment with Quinidine. Precision Medicine in Refractory Epilepsy","volume":"12","author":"Kravetz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2020.05.002","article-title":"KCNT1-positive epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures successfully treated with nonnarcotic antitussive drugs after treatment failure with quinidine: a case report","volume":"42","author":"Takase","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073819854853","article-title":"Two patients with KCNT1-Related Epilepsy responding to Phenobarbital and Potassium Bromide","volume":"34","author":"Datta","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.11.017","article-title":"Does age affect response to quinidine in patients with KCNT1 mutations? Report of three new cases and review of the literature","volume":"55","author":"Abdelnour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-0657-9","article-title":"Early Treatment with Quinidine in 2 patients with Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures (EIMFS) due to Gain-of-Function KCNT1 Mutations: Functional Studies, Clinical responses, and critical issues for Personalized Therapy","volume":"15","author":"Dilena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004674","article-title":"Quinidine-associated skin discoloration in KCNT1-associated pediatric epilepsy","volume":"89","author":"Baumer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2017.09.008","article-title":"A quinidine non responsive novel KCNT1 mutation in an Indian infant with epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures","volume":"40","author":"Madaan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24520","article-title":"Quinidine in the treatment of KCNT1-positive epilepsies","volume":"78","author":"Mikati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2016.08.002","article-title":"Quinidine therapy for West syndrome with KCNTI mutation: a case report","volume":"39","author":"Fukuoka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2017.121","article-title":"036 Targeted molecular therapy with quinidine for seizures in a neonate with KCNT1 mutation leads to poor response","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2015.02.008","article-title":"Pure cannabidiol in the treatment of malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy: a case report","volume":"52","author":"Saade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.27213","article-title":"Fluoxetine Treatment in Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures due to KCNT1 Variants: an Open Label Study","volume":"98","author":"Trivisano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2011.0406","article-title":"Treatment of malignant migrating partial epilepsy of infancy with rufinamide: report of five cases","volume":"13","author":"Vendrame","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-008-0134-8","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is effective in treating catastrophic 1 epilepsy in very young children","volume":"31","author":"Zamponi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.08.096","article-title":"A recurrent KCNT1 mutation in two sporadic cases with malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy","volume":"531","author":"Ishii","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.146090","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotide therapy for KCNT1 encephalopathy","volume":"7","author":"Burbano","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14111397","article-title":"Molecular Profiling of Mouse Models of loss or gain of Function of the KCNT1 (Slack) Potassium Channel and Antisense Oligonucleotide Treatment","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-026-04314-9","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown therapy in two infants with severe KCNT1 epileptic encephalopathy","volume":"32","author":"Nakayama","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18278","article-title":"Durable suppression of seizures in a preclinical model of KCNT1 genetic epilepsy with divalent small interfering RNA","volume":"66","author":"Andreone","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29112437","article-title":"Structure-activity Relationship Studies in a Series of Xanthine Inhibitors of SLACK Potassium Channels","volume":"29","author":"Qunies","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29235494","article-title":"Structure-activity Relationship Studies in a Series of 2-Aryloxy-N-(pyrimidin-5-yl)acetamide Inhibitors of SLACK Potassium Channels","volume":"29","author":"Mishra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.78031","article-title":"Identification of New KCNT1-Epilepsy Drugs by In Silico, Cell, and Drosophila Modeling","volume":"98","author":"Ricos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.17360","article-title":"Carvedilol inhibits neuronal hyperexcitability caused by epilepsy-associated KCNT1 mutations","volume":"182","author":"Di","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI152079","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotide therapy reduces seizures and extends life span in an SCN2A gain-of-function epilepsy model","volume":"131","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03656-0","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotide treatment in a preterm infant with early-onset SCN2A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy","volume":"31","author":"Wagner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2004.05.001","article-title":"Malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy","volume":"31","author":"Gross-Tsur","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106398","article-title":"Genotype-phenotype correlates of infantile-onset developmental & epileptic encephalopathy syndromes in South India: a single centre experience","volume":"166","author":"Mitta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2021.106669","article-title":"Clinical and genetic characteristics of epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures in chinese children","volume":"174","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2023.01.017","article-title":"Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures due to a novel homozygous mutation in KCNT1 gene: a case report","volume":"106","author":"James","year":"2023","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0565","first-page":"824","article-title":"Genetic and clinical analysis of children with early-onset epilepsy encephalopathy caused by KCNT1 gene mutation","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218_b0570","article-title":"The KCNT1-Related Epilepsy Study: Design and Methods of a fully Decentralized prospective Natural history Study in a Rare Neurologic Disease. Neurology","volume":"12","author":"Adams","year":"2026","journal-title":"Genetics"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505026003392?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505026003392?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:31:01Z","timestamp":1789011061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505026003392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":114,"alternative-id":["S1525505026003392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures: A scoping review of clinical features, diagnostic testing including genetics, long-term outcomes, mortality, and current and emerging therapeutic strategies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111218","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111218"}}