{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:01:15Z","timestamp":1790888475889,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNRR MCNT2-2023-12377846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRR MCNT2-2023-12377846"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:28:09Z","timestamp":1790436489000},"page":"111302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Real-world adjunctive use of an alpha-lactalbumin\/sodium butyrate Food for Special Medical Purposes in drug-resistant epilepsy: the multicentre retrospective ARMILLA study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1279-8123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9152-5571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Cristofalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"De Caro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Guarneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Bagnasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Antonio","family":"Battistella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3416-2900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Belcastro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8398-8936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Boeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Brichetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Federici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Di Gennaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Liguori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2455-7762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greta","family":"Macorig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1977-9275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Marchese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8630-6718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Perilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2919-7447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedetta","family":"Piccolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Prato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Rosati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosita","family":"Ruta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Spalice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilena","family":"Vecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4427-7738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Verrotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Viri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Mainardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6065-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Striano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2633-7635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Roberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011839","article-title":"Incidence and Prevalence of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Sultana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-12165-4","article-title":"Real-world evidence of epidemiology, patient characteristics, and mortality in people with drug-resistant epilepsy in the United Kingdom, 2011-2021","volume":"271","author":"Shankar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18100","article-title":"Predictors of drug-resistant epilepsy in childhood epilepsy syndromes: a subgroup analysis from a prospective cohort study","volume":"65","author":"Ayoub","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12461","article-title":"The gut microbiome in drug\u2010resistant epilepsy","volume":"6","author":"Chatzikonstantinou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105400","article-title":"Association between seizure reduction during ketogenic diet treatment of epilepsy and changes in circulatory metabolites and gut microbiota composition","volume":"109","author":"Dahlin","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104061","article-title":"Higher levels of Bifidobacteria and tumor necrosis factor in children with drug-resistant epilepsy are associated with anti-seizure response to the ketogenic diet","volume":"80","author":"Dahlin","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.14104","article-title":"The impact of microbiota and ketogenic diet interventions in the management of drug\u2010resistant epilepsy","volume":"240","author":"D\u00edaz-Marug\u00e1n","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16744","article-title":"Cross talk between drug-resistant epilepsy and the gut microbiome","volume":"61","author":"Holmes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2021.106601","article-title":"A comparison of the gut microbiota among adult patients with drug-responsive and drug-resistant epilepsy: an exploratory study","volume":"172","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18367","article-title":"Medication-resistant epilepsy is associated with a unique gut microbiota signature","author":"Riva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.02.013","article-title":"Preclinical activity profile of \u03b1-lactoalbumin, a whey protein rich in tryptophan, in rodent models of seizures and epilepsy","volume":"95","author":"Citraro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.06.039","article-title":"Potentiation of brain serotonin activity may inhibit seizures, especially in drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"70","author":"Mainardi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.09.021","article-title":"Protective activity of \u03b1-lactoalbumin (ALAC), a whey protein rich in tryptophan, in rodent models of epileptogenesis","volume":"226","author":"Russo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-025-00497-6","article-title":"The role of alpha-lactalbumin in modulating tryptophan metabolism and serotonin synthesis","volume":"9","author":"Shoff","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Sci Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-01712-8","article-title":"Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on the Development of Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidity in WAG\/Rij Rats","volume":"57","author":"Citraro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50542-0","article-title":"Intestinal inflammation increases convulsant activity and reduces antiepileptic drug efficacy in a mouse model of epilepsy","volume":"9","author":"De Caro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2020.12.009","article-title":"Butyrate alleviates PTZ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuron apoptosis in mice via Keap1\/Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway","volume":"168","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0090","first-page":"676","article-title":"Butyrate prevents valproate-induced liver injury: In vitro and in vivo evidence","volume":"34","author":"Pirozzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.117.244939","article-title":"Epigenetic Histone Deacetylation Inhibition Prevents the Development and Persistence of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"364","author":"Reddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0105","unstructured":"Debutify. Lalbaay Monofasico. Kolfarma n.d. https:\/\/kolfarma.com\/products\/lalbaay-monofasico (accessed May 22, 2026)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17730","article-title":"Quantifying and controlling the impact of regression to the mean on randomized controlled trials in epilepsy","volume":"64","author":"Goldenholz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0157-3","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota-gut-brain communication","volume":"16","author":"Dalile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan R, Zhang L, Chen Y, Zheng Y, Xu P, Xu Z. Therapeutic potential of gut microbiota modulation in epilepsy: A focus on short-chain fatty acids. Neurobiol Dis 2025:106880. Doi: 10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106880.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106880"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2020.1759414","article-title":"The potential role of interventions impacting on gut-microbiota in epilepsy","volume":"13","author":"Iannone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1642329","article-title":"Targeting the gut to improve seizure control in CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD): study protocol for a single-arm, open-label clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Triva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1192022","article-title":"Fenfluramine: a plethora of mechanisms?","volume":"14","author":"Sourbron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01881-w","article-title":"Fenfluramine: a Review in Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut Syndromes","volume":"83","author":"Frampton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505026004233?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505026004233?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:32:33Z","timestamp":1790886753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505026004233"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S1525505026004233"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Real-world adjunctive use of an alpha-lactalbumin\/sodium butyrate Food for Special Medical Purposes in drug-resistant epilepsy: the multicentre retrospective ARMILLA study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2026.111302","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111302"}}