{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T02:32:48Z","timestamp":1788057168284,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81973317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973317"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-KYYWF-MY-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-KYYWF-MY-005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL2019H062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL2019H062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Cell Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]],"date-time":"2023-03-11T19:25:19Z","timestamp":1678562719000},"page":"113552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibiting the inflammatory activation of microglia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"426","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Li","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan-tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jia","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Fei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Guo","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000833","article-title":"Ischemic stroke in young adults","volume":"26","author":"Putaala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000840","article-title":"Update on treatment of acute ischemic stroke","volume":"26","author":"Rabinstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004597","article-title":"Management of acute ischemic stroke","volume":"48","author":"Herpich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib4","volume":"vol. 2017","author":"Li","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689308999475","article-title":"Isolation and culture of retinal microglia","volume":"12","author":"Roque","year":"1993","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"issue":"57","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/3257","article-title":"Bilaminar co-culture of primary rat cortical neurons and glia","author":"Shimizu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13988","article-title":"The role of drebrin in neurons","volume":"141","author":"Shirao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17093","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202087109","article-title":"Functional anatomy of neural circuits regulating fear and extinction","volume":"109","author":"Knapska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-022-00520-8","article-title":"Neuroprotection of oral edaravone on middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201021666191224151634","article-title":"Protective effect of paeoniflorin on acute cerebral infarction in rats","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Pharmaceut. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092341","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region attenuates neuronal loss and cytokine expression in the perifocal region of photothrombotic stroke in rats","volume":"20","author":"Schuhmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.20.1.84","article-title":"Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats","volume":"20","author":"Longa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12512","article-title":"Effects of hippocampal histone acetylation and HDAC inhibition on spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze in rats","volume":"34","author":"Topuz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fund. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-14-112","article-title":"Down-regulation of microglial activity attenuates axotomized nigral dopaminergic neuronal cell loss","volume":"14","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.207","article-title":"Isolation and culture of adult neurons and neurospheres","volume":"2","author":"Brewer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2012.09.004","article-title":"Systemic immune activation shapes stroke outcome","volume":"53","author":"Murray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular and cellular neurosciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib17","first-page":"307","article-title":"The immune response to acute focal cerebral ischemia and associated post-stroke immunodepression: a focused review","volume":"5","author":"Famakin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging and disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.07.006","article-title":"Targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3 for oxidative stress and neuroinflammation: opportunities, challenges and future directions for cerebral stroke management","volume":"139","author":"Rana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8060101","article-title":"Anti-cytokine therapy to attenuate ischemic-reperfusion associated brain injury in the perinatal period","volume":"8","author":"Disdier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.012166","article-title":"Inflammatory markers and outcomes after lacunar stroke: levels of inflammatory markers in treatment of stroke study","volume":"47","author":"Boehme","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23071788","article-title":"Protection of anthocyanin from myrica rubra against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via modulation of the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB and NLRP3 pathways","volume":"23","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.01.014","article-title":"Prevention of the severity of post-ischemic inflammation and brain damage by simultaneous knockdown of toll-like receptors 2 and 4","volume":"373","author":"Nalamolu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.08.054","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), but not TLR3 or TLR9, knock-out mice have neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"171","author":"Hyakkoku","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148428","article-title":"Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of anti-TLR4-antibody MTS510 in experimental stroke and significance of different routes of application","volume":"11","author":"Andresen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib25","article-title":"TLR4 rs1927911, but not TLR2 rs5743708, is associated with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in the Southern Han population: a case-control study","volume":"94","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.08.018","article-title":"Differential regulation of MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways of Toll-like receptors by cardamonin","volume":"64","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.11.015","article-title":"Src family kinase tyrosine phosphorylates Toll-like receptor 4 to dissociate MyD88 and Mal\/Tirap, suppressing LPS-induced inflammatory responses","volume":"147","author":"Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4999","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402598","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide regulation of intestinal tight junction permeability is mediated by TLR4 signal transduction pathway activation of FAK and MyD88","volume":"195","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e318193e333","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"32","author":"Arumugam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612824666180614090224","article-title":"Toll-like receptors signaling pathways as a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease","volume":"24","author":"Parizadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharmaceut. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-134","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in cerebral ischemic inflammatory injury","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.05.001","article-title":"Functions and mechanisms of microglia\/macrophages in neuroinflammation and neurogenesis after stroke","volume":"142","author":"Xiong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol. (N. Y.)"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13632","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2234031100","article-title":"Inflammation is detrimental for neurogenesis in adult brain","volume":"100","author":"Ekdahl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib34","series-title":"HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Attenuate Neuronal Damage by Suppressing Oxygen Glucose Deprivation-Induced Activated Microglial Cells","author":"Lu","year":"2019"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003289","article-title":"Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia","volume":"346","author":"Bernard","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b18-00132","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by ameliorating lipid peroxidation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammasome activation","volume":"41","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X16500853","article-title":"Pharmacological effects of active components of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of alzheimer's disease: a review","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-016-2171-y","article-title":"Ameliorative effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment: role of cholinergic system","volume":"42","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2014.10.001","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1, in combination with salvianolic acid B, play different roles in myocardial infarction in rats","volume":"78","author":"Deng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chin. Med. Assoc. : J. Chin. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b14-00394","article-title":"Protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on astrocytes and cerebral ischemic-reperfusion mice","volume":"37","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2015.02.001","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against transient focal cerebral ischemic injury and suppresses its systemic metabolic changes in cerabral injury rats","volume":"5","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1159\/000430217","article-title":"Combination of ginsenoside Rg1 and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the treatment of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"37","author":"Bao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Experimental Cell Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001448272300099X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001448272300099X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T05:21:52Z","timestamp":1762147312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001448272300099X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S001448272300099X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4827","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibiting the inflammatory activation of microglia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Cell Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113552","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113552"}}