{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:49:48Z","timestamp":1793134188380,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental and Molecular Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,9]],"date-time":"2008-04-09T09:19:47Z","timestamp":1207732787000},"page":"11-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":495,"title":["Origins and virulence mechanisms of uropathogenic Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Travis J.","family":"Wiles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard R.","family":"Kulesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Mulvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.55.11.2662-2668.1987","article-title":"Contribution of capsular polysaccharide and surface properties to virulence of Escherichia coli coli K1","volume":"55","author":"Allen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084550","article-title":"Intracellular bacterial biofilm-like pods in urinary tract infections","volume":"301","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6445(03)00055-X","article-title":"Bacterial iron homeostasis","volume":"27","author":"Andrews","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03078.x","article-title":"Type 1 fimbriae and extracellular polysaccharides are preeminent uropathogenic Escherichia colicoli virulence determinants in the murine urinary tract","volume":"45","author":"Bahrani-Mougeot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04938.x","article-title":"Release of the type I secreted alpha-haemolysin via outer membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli","volume":"59","author":"Balsalobre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/432811a","article-title":"Cell biology: iron thievery","volume":"432","author":"Barasch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00144740","article-title":"The hemolysin of Escherichia coli","volume":"4","author":"Bhakdi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1086\/518897","article-title":"Combined multilocus sequence typing and O serogrouping distinguishes Escherichia coli subtypes associated with infant urosepsis and\/or meningitis","volume":"196","author":"Bidet","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BIOM.0000029432.69418.6a","article-title":"The structure of salmochelins: C-glucosylated enterobactins of entericaSalmonella enterica","volume":"17","author":"Bister","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.58.6.1951-1958.1990","article-title":"Calcium is required for binding of Escherichia coli hemolysin (HlyA) to erythrocyte membranes","volume":"58","author":"Boehm","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.58.6.1959-1964.1990","article-title":"Domains of Escherichia coli hemolysin (HlyA) involved in binding of calcium and erythrocyte membranes","volume":"58","author":"Boehm","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2004.00251.x","article-title":"Covert operations of uropathogenic Escherichia coli within the urinary tract","volume":"6","author":"Bower","year":"2005","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12879","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603038103","article-title":"How to become a uropathogen: comparative genomic analysis of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains","volume":"103","author":"Brzuszkiewicz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.37.3.966-974.1982","article-title":"Effect of Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin on human peripheral leukocyte function in vitro","volume":"37","author":"Cavalieri","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5977","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600938103","article-title":"Identification of genes subject to positive selection in uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli: a comparative genomics approach","volume":"103","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9827","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.18.9827","article-title":"Type 1 fimbrial expression enhances Escherichia coli virulence for the urinary tract","volume":"93","author":"Connell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)01132-7","article-title":"CNF1 exploits the ubiquitin\u2013proteasome machinery to restrict Rho GTPase activation for bacterial host cell invasion","volume":"111","author":"Doye","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5301","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.9.5301-5310.2005","article-title":"Cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 production by uropathogenic Escherichia coli modulates polymorphonuclear leukocyte function","volume":"73","author":"Davis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4401","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00637-06","article-title":"Cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 delivered by outer membrane vesicles of uropathogenic Escherichia coli attenuates polymorphonuclear leukocyte antimicrobial activity and chemotaxis","volume":"74","author":"Davis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01148","article-title":"Rho GTPases in cell biology","volume":"420","author":"Etienne-Manneville","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00691.x","article-title":"Actin-gated intracellular growth and resurgence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"8","author":"Eto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030100","article-title":"Integrin-mediated host cell invasion by type 1-piliated uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"3","author":"Eto","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib23","first-page":"381","article-title":"[Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)]","volume":"116","author":"Ewers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2007.01.003","article-title":"Avian pathogenic, uropathogenic, and newborn meningitis-causing Escherichia coli: how closely related are they?","volume":"297","author":"Ewers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio771","article-title":"How pathogenic bacteria evade mammalian sabotage in the battle for iron","volume":"2","author":"Fischbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16502","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604636103","article-title":"The pathogen-associated iroA gene cluster mediates bacterial evasion of lipocalin 2","volume":"103","author":"Fischbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03104","article-title":"Lipocalin 2 mediates an innate immune response to bacterial infection by sequestrating iron","volume":"432","author":"Flo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-5029(03)90000-9","article-title":"Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence, morbidity, and economic costs","volume":"49","author":"Foxman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dis. Mon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf159","article-title":"Uropathogenic Escherichia coli are more likely than commensal E. coli to be shared between heterosexual sex partners","volume":"156","author":"Foxman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00794.x","article-title":"Pathogenicity islands: a molecular toolbox for bacterial virulence","volume":"8","author":"Gal-Mor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00708-6","article-title":"The neutrophil lipocalin NGAL is a bacteriostatic agent that interferes with siderophore-mediated iron acquisition","volume":"10","author":"Goetz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4539","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.8.4539-4546.2002","article-title":"Sat, the secreted autotransporter toxin of uropathogenic Escherichia coli, is a vacuolating cytotoxin for bladder and kidney epithelial cells","volume":"70","author":"Guyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.3101672.x","article-title":"Pathogenicity islands of virulent bacteria: structure, function and impact on microbial evolution","volume":"23","author":"Hacker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.54.1.641","article-title":"Pathogenicity islands and the evolution of microbes","volume":"54","author":"Hacker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13467","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702729104","article-title":"Histone modifications induced by a family of bacterial toxins","volume":"104","author":"Hamon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00507.x","article-title":"Biofilm formation by asymptomatic and virulent urinary tract infectious Escherichia coli strains","volume":"267","author":"Hancock","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0737682100","article-title":"Salmochelins, siderophores of Salmonella enterica and uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains, are recognized by the outer membrane receptor IroN","volume":"100","author":"Hantke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.68.4.692-744.2004","article-title":"Type V protein secretion pathway: the autotransporter story","volume":"68","author":"Henderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28677-0","article-title":"Demonstration of regulatory cross-talk between P fimbriae and type 1 fimbriae in uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"152","author":"Holden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01989-06","article-title":"Regulation of P-fimbrial phase variation frequencies in Escherichia coli CFT073","volume":"75","author":"Holden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05491-0","article-title":"Switches, cross-talk and memory in Escherichia coli adherence","volume":"53","author":"Holden","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.1.429-432.1999","article-title":"Virulence properties of Escherichia coli 83972, a prototype strain associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria","volume":"67","author":"Hull","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67823-8","article-title":"Urinary tract infection prophylaxis using Escherichia coli 83972 in spinal cord injured patients","volume":"163","author":"Hull","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02915.x","article-title":"Structural basis of tropism of Escherichia coli to the bladder during urinary tract infection","volume":"44","author":"Hung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.4.1.80","article-title":"Virulence factors in Escherichia coli urinary tract infection","volume":"4","author":"Johnson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E65","DOI":"10.1086\/342301","article-title":"Concurrent fecal colonization with extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in a homosexual man with recurrent urinary tract infection and in his male sex partner","volume":"35","author":"Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01726-06","article-title":"The genome sequence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain O1:K1:H7 shares strong similarities with human extraintestinal pathogenic. coliE. coli genomes","volume":"189","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro818","article-title":"Pathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"2","author":"Kaper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-81","article-title":"Common and specific genomic sequences of avian and human extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli as determined by genomic subtractive hybridization","volume":"7","author":"Kariyawasam","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4055","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.58.12.4055-4062.1990","article-title":"pap-2-encoded fimbriae adhere to the P blood group-related glycosphingolipid stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 in the human kidney","volume":"58","author":"Karr","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.t01-1-00271.x","article-title":"The K1 capsule modulates trafficking of E. coli-containing vacuoles and enhances intracellular bacterial survival in human brain microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.781-785.2006","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the Escherichia coli asymptomatic bacteriuria strain 83972: the taming of a pathogen","volume":"74","author":"Klemm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3688","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01730-06","article-title":"Mellowing out: adaptation to commensalism by Escherichia coli asymptomatic bacteriuria strain 83972","volume":"75","author":"Klemm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4561fje","article-title":"Why Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin induces calcium oscillations in mammalian cells\u2014the pore is on its own","volume":"20","author":"Koschinski","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.4.2022-2030.2006","article-title":"Active cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 associated with outer membrane vesicles from uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"74","author":"Kouokam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1299905","article-title":"Bacterial outer membrane vesicles and the host\u2013pathogen interaction","volume":"19","author":"Kuehn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002230","article-title":"Role of P-fimbrial-mediated adherence in pyelonephritis and persistence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in the mammalian kidney","volume":"72","author":"Lane","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7644","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7644-7656.2005","article-title":"Role of motility in the colonization of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the urinary tract","volume":"73","author":"Lane","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16669","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607898104","article-title":"Expression of flagella is coincident with uropathogenic Escherichia coli ascension to the upper urinary tract","volume":"104","author":"Lane","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5312.607","article-title":"Prevention of mucosal Escherichia coli infection by FimH-adhesin-based systemic vaccination","volume":"276","author":"Langermann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2007.00078.x","article-title":"Rho GTPase-activating bacterial toxins: from bacterial virulence regulation to eukaryotic cell biology","volume":"31","author":"Lemonnier","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01010-07","article-title":"Regulatory interactions among adhesin gene systems of uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"76","author":"Lindberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.11.3389-3394.1989","article-title":"Binding specificities of wild-type and cloned Escherichia coli strains that recognize globo-A","volume":"57","author":"Lindstedt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3532","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01744-06","article-title":"Defining genomic islands and uropathogen-specific genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"189","author":"Lloyd","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011265","article-title":"Widespread distribution of urinary tract infections caused by a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli clonal group","volume":"345","author":"Manges","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00957-06","article-title":"Role of the lipopolysaccharide\u2013CD14 complex for the activity of hemolysin from uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"75","author":"Mansson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6124","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01086-06","article-title":"Protease activity, secretion, cell entry, cytotoxicity, and cellular targets of secreted autotransporter toxin of uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"74","author":"Maroncle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2005.08.028","article-title":"Escherichia coli mediated urinary tract infections: are there distinct uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) pathotypes?","volume":"252","author":"Marrs","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.12.2803","article-title":"Type 1 pilus-mediated bacterial invasion of bladder epithelial cells","volume":"19","author":"Martinez","year":"2000","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05272.x","article-title":"Special delivery: vesicle trafficking in prokaryotes","volume":"61","author":"Mashburn-Warren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5869","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.10.5869-5880.2000","article-title":"Cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 of uropathogenic Escherichia coli kills cultured human uroepithelial 5637 cells by an apoptotic mechanism","volume":"68","author":"Mills","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00567.x","article-title":"Type 1, P and S fimbriae, and afimbrial adhesin I are not essential for uropathogenic Escherichia coli to adhere to and invade bladder epithelial cells","volume":"33","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00037-07","article-title":"Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains of avian and human origin: link between phylogenetic relationships and common virulence patterns","volume":"45","author":"Moulin-Schouleur","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5393.1494","article-title":"Induction and evasion of host defenses by type 1-piliated uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"282","author":"Mulvey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8829","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.16.8829","article-title":"Bad bugs and beleaguered bladders: interplay between uropathogenic Escherichia coli and innate host defenses","volume":"97","author":"Mulvey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4572","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4572-4579.2001","article-title":"Establishment of a persistent Escherichia coli reservoir during the acute phase of a bladder infection","volume":"69","author":"Mulvey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4406","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.8.4406-4413.2002","article-title":"Loss of regulatory protein RfaH attenuates virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"70","author":"Nagy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00927-2","article-title":"Interaction of the bacterial protein toxin alpha-haemolysin with model membranes: protein binding does not always lead to lytic activity","volume":"371","author":"Ostolaza","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5087","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.9.5087-5096.2003","article-title":"A novel pathogenicity island integrated adjacent to the thrW tRNA gene of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli encodes a vacuolating autotransporter toxin","volume":"71","author":"Parreira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.42.3.907-913.1983","article-title":"Role of the capsule and the O antigen in resistance of O18:K1 Escherichia coli to complement-mediated killing","volume":"42","author":"Pluschke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12994","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M511431200","article-title":"Epithelial cells are sensitive detectors of bacterial pore-forming toxins","volume":"281","author":"Ratner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21259","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M611502200","article-title":"Functional genomic studies of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and host urothelial cells when intracellular bacterial communities are assembled","volume":"282","author":"Reigstad","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01542-06","article-title":"Autotransporter-encoding sequences are phylogenetically distributed among Escherichia coli clinical isolates and reference strains","volume":"73","author":"Restieri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3954","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.3954-3964.2001","article-title":"Mutation of the gene encoding cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (cnf(1)) attenuates the virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"69","author":"Rippere-Lampe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27499-0","article-title":"Comparison of Escherichia coli isolates implicated in human urinary tract infection and avian colibacillosis","volume":"151","author":"Rodriguez-Siek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2004057","article-title":"Characterizing the APEC pathotype","volume":"36","author":"Rodriguez-Siek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2005.12.001","article-title":"Host specificity of septicemic Escherichia coli: human and avian pathogens","volume":"9","author":"Ron","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01959-05","article-title":"Global gene expression profiling of the asymptomatic bacteriuria Escherichia coli strain 83972 in the human urinary tract","volume":"74","author":"Roos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00355.x","article-title":"Asymptomatic bacteriuria Escherichia coli strains: adhesins, growth and competition","volume":"262","author":"Roos","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28711-0","article-title":"Asymptomatic bacteriuria Escherichia coli strain 83972 carries mutations in the foc locus and is unable to express F1C fimbriae","volume":"152","author":"Roos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.615-624.2006","article-title":"The asymptomatic bacteriuria Escherichia coli strain 83972 outcompetes uropathogenic E. coli strains in human urine","volume":"74","author":"Roos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e329","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040329","article-title":"Detection of intracellular bacterial communities in human urinary tract infection","volume":"4","author":"Rosen","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1086\/315418","article-title":"Proposal for a new inclusive designation for extraintestinal pathogenic isolates of Escherichia coli: ExPEC","volume":"181","author":"Russo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.2.440","article-title":"Chromosomal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of Escherichia coli strains causing recurrent urinary tract infections in young women","volume":"172","author":"Russo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4872","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.8.4872-4874.2005","article-title":"Escherichia coli K1\u2032s capsule is a barrier to bacteriophage T7","volume":"71","author":"Scholl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.01.010","article-title":"Engagement of integrins as a cellular route of invasion by bacterial pathogens","volume":"173","author":"Scibelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6287","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00363-06","article-title":"Acquisition of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli plasmids by a commensal E. coli isolate enhances its abilities to kill chicken embryos, grow in human urine, and colonize the murine kidney","volume":"74","author":"Skyberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2007.07.003","article-title":"Iron metabolism at the host pathogen interface: lipocalin 2 and the pathogen-associated iroA gene cluster","volume":"39","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7588","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7588-7596.2005","article-title":"Coordinate expression of fimbriae in uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"73","author":"Snyder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.1387-1393.2006","article-title":"Role of phase variation of type 1 fimbriae in a uropathogenic Escherichia coli cystitis isolate during urinary tract infection","volume":"74","author":"Snyder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.05.007","article-title":"TLR4-initiated and cAMP-mediated abrogation of bacterial invasion of the bladder","volume":"1","author":"Song","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3856","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.8.3856-3861.1998","article-title":"The globoseries glycosphingolipid sialosyl galactosyl globoside is found in urinary tract tissues and is a preferred binding receptor in vitro for uropathogenic Escherichia coli expressing pap-encoded adhesins","volume":"66","author":"Stapleton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00016.x","article-title":"The structures of Escherichia coli O-polysaccharide antigens","volume":"30","author":"Stenutz","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08328.x","article-title":"Host-specificity of uropathogenic Escherichia coli depends on differences in binding specificity to Gal alpha 1-4Gal-containing isoreceptors","volume":"9","author":"Stromberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biolcel.2003.10.006","article-title":"Calcium signalling during cell interactions with bacterial pathogens","volume":"96","author":"TranVan Nhieu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/35015091","article-title":"Alpha-haemolysin of uropathogenic E. coli induces Ca2+ oscillations in renal epithelial cells","volume":"405","author":"Uhlen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.25.2.603-609.1979","article-title":"Role of Escherichia coli K capsular antigens during complement activation, C3 fixation, and opsonization","volume":"25","author":"Van Dijk","year":"1979","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17020","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252529799","article-title":"Extensive mosaic structure revealed by the complete genome sequence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"99","author":"Welch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E07-07-0638","article-title":"Inactivation of host AKT\/PKB signaling by bacterial pore-forming toxins","volume":"19","author":"Wiles","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7657","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7657-7668.2005","article-title":"Uropathogenic Escherichia coli flagella aid in efficient urinary tract colonization","volume":"73","author":"Wright","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00952.x","article-title":"Development of intracellular bacterial communities of uropathogenic Escherichia coli depends on type 1 pili","volume":"9","author":"Wright","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.7.1450","article-title":"Regulatory cross-talk between adhesin operons in Escherichia coli: inhibition of type 1 fimbriae expression by the PapB protein","volume":"19","author":"Xia","year":"2000","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1097\/00001574-200411000-00011","article-title":"Commensal bacteria in the gut: learning who our friends are","volume":"20","author":"Yan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib114","article-title":"Molecular basis of commensalism in the urinary tract: low virulence or virulence attenuation?","author":"Zdziarski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4095","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.22.4095","article-title":"Uroplakin Ia is the urothelial receptor for uropathogenic Escherichia coli: evidence from in vitro FimH binding","volume":"114","author":"Zhou","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."}],"container-title":["Experimental and Molecular Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014480008000373?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014480008000373?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T11:20:52Z","timestamp":1631013652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014480008000373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0014480008000373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4800"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4800","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}}}