{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T14:56:45Z","timestamp":1781967405766,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["General and Comparative Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,5]],"date-time":"2012-06-05T21:15:15Z","timestamp":1338930915000},"page":"272-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Seasonal changes in steroid hormone profiles, body weight, semen quality, and the reproductive tract in captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Annie E.","family":"Newell-Fugate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"O. N\u00f6thling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henk","family":"J. Bertschinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0265","volume":"vol. 1","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.01.035","article-title":"GnRH-agonist induction of fertile estrus with either natural mating or artificial insemination, followed by birth of pups in gray wolves (Canis lupus)","volume":"66","author":"Asa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/38.1.251","article-title":"Canid reproductive biology: An integration of proximate mechanisms and ultimate causes","volume":"38","author":"Asa","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Zoologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.11.024","article-title":"Effects of a GnRH cytotoxin on reproductive function in peripubertal male dogs","volume":"66","author":"Ball","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0025","first-page":"275","article-title":"Control of reproduction and sex related behavior in exotic wild carnivores with the GnRH analogue deslorelin: preliminary observations","volume":"57","author":"Bertschinger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility: Supplement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0030","first-page":"41","article-title":"Induction of contraception in some African wild carnivores by downregulation of LH and FSH secretion using the GnRH analogue deslorelin","volume":"60","author":"Bertschinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reproduction: Supplement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1090.2009.00107.x","article-title":"Reproductive management in captive and wild canids: contraception challenges","volume":"44","author":"Boutelle","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Zoo Yearbook"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00346.x","article-title":"Breeding the Cape Hunting dog Lycaon piclus at Pretoria zoo","volume":"7","author":"Brand","year":"1967","journal-title":"International Zoo Yearbook"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0275","volume":"vol. 21","author":"Brown","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0280","volume":"vol. 15","author":"Brown","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1090.1967.tb00345.x","article-title":"Notes on breeding the Cape Hunting dog Lycuon pictus at Nairobi zoo","volume":"7","author":"Cade","year":"1967","journal-title":"International Zoo Yearbook"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(95)80048-4","article-title":"Communal hunting and pack size in African wild dogs, Lycaon pictus","volume":"50","author":"Creel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Animal Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0285","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Creel","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/8.3.298","article-title":"Rank and reproduction in cooperatively breeding African wild dogs: behavioral and endocrine correlates","volume":"8","author":"Creel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behavioral Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0075","series-title":"The African Wild Dog: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation","author":"Creel","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1090.1968.tb00428.x","article-title":"Breeding the Cape Hunting dog Lycaon pictus at Amsterdam Zoo","volume":"8","author":"Dekker","year":"1968","journal-title":"International Zoo Yearbook"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1644\/05-MAMM-A-342R1.1","article-title":"The effect of the male bush dog (Speothos venaticus) on the female reproductive cycle","volume":"87","author":"DeMatteo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Mammalogy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3207(01)00046-5","article-title":"The conservation role of captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)","volume":"100","author":"Frantzen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0290","series-title":"Wildlife 2001: Populations","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Population Dynamics of African Wild Dogs","author":"Fuller","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s002650050332","article-title":"A molecular genetic analysis of social structure dispersal and interpack relationships of the African wild dog (<i>Lycaon pictus<\/i>)","volume":"40","author":"Girman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(98)00119-5","article-title":"Characteristics of fresh and frozen-thawed red wolf (Canis rufus) spermatozoa","volume":"53","author":"Goodrowe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2007.06.020","article-title":"Comparison between ultrasonographic and caliper measurements of testicular volume in the dog","volume":"108","author":"Gouletso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1795.2006.00048.x","article-title":"Evolutionary ecology meets wildlife management: artificial group augmentation in the re-introduction of endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)","volume":"9","author":"Graf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Animal Conservation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2007.01357.x","article-title":"Efforts going to the dogs? Evaluating attempts to re-introduce endangered wild dogs in South Africa","volume":"45","author":"Gusset","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnc.2009.11.001","article-title":"Wild dog reintroductions in South Africa: A systematic review and cross-validation of an endangered species recovery programme","volume":"18","author":"Gusset","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal for Nature Conservation (Jena)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0130","first-page":"315","article-title":"Establishment of assisted reproduction technologies in female and male African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)","volume":"57","author":"Hermes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility: Supplement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2009.06.021","article-title":"Fecal endocrine profiles and ejaculate traits in black-footed cats (Felis nigripes) and sand cats (Felis margarita)","volume":"165","author":"Herrick","year":"2010","journal-title":"General and Comparative Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.08.017","article-title":"Studies of male reproduction in captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)","volume":"100","author":"Johnston","year":"2007","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.06.001","article-title":"Relationship of androgens to body composition, energy and substrate metabolism and aerobic capacity in healthy, young women","volume":"76","author":"Keller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0305","first-page":"143","article-title":"The Distribution and Population Status of African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus) Outside Protected Areas in South Africa","volume":"vol. 34","author":"Lindsey","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0155","first-page":"77","article-title":"Area and prey requirements of African wild dogs under varying habitat conditions: implications for reintroductions","volume":"34","author":"Lindsey","year":"2004","journal-title":"South African Journal of Wildlife Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00296390","article-title":"Natural selection and the communal rearing of pups in African wild dogs (<i>Lycaon pictus<\/i>)","volume":"10","author":"Malcolm","year":"1982","journal-title":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0310","article-title":"Lycaon pictus","author":"McNutt","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-007-0533-9","article-title":"Pup production, sex ratios, and survivorship in African wild dogs, Lycaon pictus","volume":"62","author":"McNutt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0175","unstructured":"M.G.L. Mills, S. Ellis, R. Woodroffe, A. Maddock, P. Stander, G. Rasmussen, Population and habitat viability assessment for the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) in southern Africa. Final workshop report, IUCN\/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, 1998."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0315","volume":"vol. 16","author":"Monfort","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0320","volume":"vol. 26","author":"Newell-Fugate","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0190","first-page":"109","article-title":"Semen quality after thawing: correlation with fertility and fresh semen quality in dogs","volume":"51","author":"Nothling","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility: Supplement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.11.007","article-title":"A simple multidimensional system for the recording and interpretation of sperm morphology in bulls","volume":"69","author":"N\u00f6thling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2005.04.014","article-title":"Short term suppression of follicular recruitment and spontaneous ovulation in the cat using levonorgestrel versus a GnRH antagonist","volume":"144","author":"Pelican","year":"2005","journal-title":"General and Comparative Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0325","first-page":"135","article-title":"Prey selection and use of natural and man-made barriers by African wild dogs while hunting","volume":"vol. 34","author":"Rhodes","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01275152","article-title":"The effects of testosterone on the cavernous tissue and erectile function","volume":"15","author":"Shabsigh","year":"1997","journal-title":"World Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0330","series-title":"Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan","author":"Sillero-Zubiri","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0335","series-title":"The Mammals of Southern African Subregion","article-title":"African Wild Dog","author":"Skinner","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.01.044","article-title":"Patterns of fecal gonadal hormone metabolites in the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)","volume":"66","author":"Songsasen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0340","series-title":"The Oxford Mathematics Study Dictionary","author":"Tapson","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.108.006007","article-title":"Androgens play a pivotal role in maintaining penile tissue architecture and erection: a review","volume":"30","author":"Traish","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/15627020.2003.11657196","article-title":"The effects of fences and lions on the ecology of African wild dogs reintroduced to Pilanesberg National Park, South Africa","volume":"38","author":"van Dyk","year":"2003","journal-title":"African Zoology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0245","first-page":"80","article-title":"Reproduction in captive hunting dogs Lycaon pictus","volume":"15","author":"Van Heerden","year":"1985","journal-title":"South African Journal of Wildlife Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1999.98366.x","article-title":"Ecological interactions, social organization, and extinction risk in African wild dogs","volume":"13","author":"Vucetich","year":"1999","journal-title":"Conservation Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0345","series-title":"The African Wild Dog Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan","author":"Woodroffe","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.01.023","article-title":"Influence of cooling rates and addition of Equex pasta on cooled and frozen-thawed semen of generic gray (Canis lupus) and Mexican gray wolves (C. l. baileyi)","volume":"66","author":"Zindl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"}],"container-title":["General and Comparative Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016648012002171?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016648012002171?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T19:56:42Z","timestamp":1542916602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016648012002171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016648012002171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.05.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-6480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-6480","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}}}