{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T05:57:12Z","timestamp":1792821432975,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]],"date-time":"2006-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gynecologic Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T15:53:34Z","timestamp":1154447614000},"page":"1017-1022","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Prevalence and predictors of squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix in HIV-infected women in Lusaka, Zambia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Groesbeck P.","family":"Parham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikrant V.","family":"Sahasrabuddhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulindi H.","family":"Mwanahamuntu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan E.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Stringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sten H.","family":"Vermund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib1","unstructured":"GLOBOCAN: Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide database. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer (http:\/\/www-dep.iarc.fr\/globocan\/database.htm)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199909)189:1<12::AID-PATH431>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide","volume":"189","author":"Walboomers","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10453","article-title":"Determinants of cervical cancer rates in developing countries","volume":"100","author":"Drain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib4","first-page":"954","article-title":"Effective screening programmes for cervical cancer in low- and middle-income developing countries","volume":"79","author":"Sankaranarayanan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib5","unstructured":"Cervical cancer. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: April 1\u20133, 1996 (http:\/\/consensus.nih.gov\/1996\/1996CervicalCancer102html)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib6","unstructured":"Report of the Global HIV\/AIDS Epidemic, 2005, UNAIDS. Available online (http:\/\/www.unaids.org)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib7","unstructured":"HIV\/AIDS in Zambia: THE Epidemic and its impact: AVERT Web publication (http:\/\/www.avert.org\/aids-zambia.htm)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib8","unstructured":"The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief: Five-Year Strategy. USAID: PEPFAR (http:\/\/www.state.gov\/documents\/organization\/48746.pdf)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib9","unstructured":"The Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Online (http:\/\/www.theglobalfund.org\/en\/about\/publications\/brochure\/)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711063371903","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"337","author":"Sun","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90101-V","article-title":"High risk of human papillomavirus infection and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among women with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"165","author":"Vermund","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib12","first-page":"97","article-title":"Is HIV infection a cofactor for cervical squamous cell neoplasia?","volume":"8","author":"Mandelblatt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol., Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.123607","article-title":"Recrudescence of cervical dysplasia among women who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: a case-control analysis","volume":"186","author":"Tate","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib14","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted infections. Geneva, Switzerland (http:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductive-health\/publications\/rhr_01_10_mngt_stis)."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.16.2114","article-title":"The 2001 Bethesda System: terminology for reporting results of cervical cytology","volume":"287","author":"Solomon","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib16","unstructured":"Roche Linear Array PCR Information material. Available online (http:\/\/www.roche-diagnostics.cz\/download\/mol\/virologicke\/hpv\/LINEAR%20ARRAY%20HP V%20Genotypizacni%20Test.pdf)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib17","first-page":"451","article-title":"The invasive potential of carcinoma in situ of the cervix","volume":"64","author":"McIndole","year":"1984","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib18","first-page":"186","article-title":"Natural history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a critical review","volume":"12","author":"Ag","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802123380703","article-title":"Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women","volume":"338","author":"Ho","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib20","first-page":"431","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and HIV coinfection and the risk of neoplasias of the lower genital tract: a review of recent developments","volume":"169","author":"Ferenczy","year":"2003","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199807010-00007","article-title":"Is HIV infection a risk factor for advanced cervical cancer?","volume":"18","author":"Fruchter","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350400900117","article-title":"The impact of HIV antiviral therapy on human papillomavirus [HPV] infections and HPV-related diseases","volume":"9","author":"Heard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antivir. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.1.151","article-title":"Interleukin 6 induces human immunodeficiency virus expression in infected monocytic cells alone and in synergy with tumor necrosis factor a by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms","volume":"172","author":"Poli","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib24","first-page":"403","article-title":"Evolution of cervical abnormalities among women with HIV-1: evidence from surveillance cytology in the women's interagency HIV study","volume":"96","author":"Massad","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1258\/095646202320753727","article-title":"Association of cervical SIL and HIV-1 infection among Zimbabwean women in an HIV\/STI prevention study","volume":"13","author":"Chirenje","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. STD AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(20000115)85:2%3C206::AID-IJC10%3E3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"HPV-based cervical cancer screening in a population at high risk for HIV infection","volume":"85","author":"Womack","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(99)00043-0","article-title":"Risk factors for human papillomavirus and cervical precancerous lesions, and the role of HIV-1 infection","volume":"65","author":"Temmerman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(01)00560-4","article-title":"HIV and cervical cancer in Kenya","volume":"76","author":"Gichangi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1086\/376996","article-title":"Increased risk of high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive cervical cancer among African women with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 infections","volume":"188","author":"Hawes","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj010","article-title":"Incident high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in Senegalese women with and without human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [HIV-1] and HIV-2","volume":"98","author":"Hawes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714717","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.3.714","article-title":"Cervical abnormalities, human papillomavirus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections in women in Malawi","volume":"173","author":"Miotti","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib32","first-page":"11","article-title":"Increased risk of cervical abnormalities among HIV-infected African women","volume":"9","author":"Folkers","year":"1996","journal-title":"NIAID AIDS Agenda"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.2.103","article-title":"Cervical dysplasia and HIV type-1 infection in African pregnant women: a cross sectional study, Kigali, Rwanda","volume":"75","author":"Leroy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(99)00125-3","article-title":"Risk factors for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among HIV-1 seropositive women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","volume":"67","author":"Kapiga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910500110","article-title":"Genital papillomavirus infection and cervical dysplasia-opportunistic complications of HIV infection","volume":"50","author":"Laga","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1086\/315815","article-title":"The impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 status on human papillomavirus [HPV] prevalence and HPV antibodies in serum and cervical secretions","volume":"182","author":"Marais","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.17.2173","article-title":"Screen- and-treat approaches for cervical cancer prevention in low-resource settings: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"294","author":"Denny","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-8258(03)00176-8","article-title":"Performance of the ThinPrep liquid-based cervical cytology in comparison with conventionally prepared Papanicolaou smears: a quantitative survey","volume":"90","author":"Abulafia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1309\/AGB1MJ9H5N43MEGX","article-title":"Assisted primary screening using the automated ThinPrep imaging system","volume":"123","author":"Biscotti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20302","article-title":"The changing face of cervical screening. Challenges for the future","volume":"33","author":"Dawson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diagn. Cytopathol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117485","article-title":"Meta-analysis of Pap test accuracy","volume":"141","author":"Fahey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-10-200005160-00009","article-title":"Accuracy of the Papanicolaou test in screening for and follow-up of cervical cytologic abnormalities: a systematic review","volume":"132","author":"Nanda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1089\/154099904322966128","article-title":"HPV testing for triage of HIV-infected women with Papanicolaou smears read as atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance","volume":"13","author":"Massad","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Women's Health (Larchmt.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)00780-X","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of human papillomavirus testing to augment cervical cancer screening in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"111","author":"Goldie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-2-199901190-00003","article-title":"The costs, clinical benefits, and cost-effectiveness of screening for cervical cancer in HIV-infected women","volume":"130","author":"Goldie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/01.grf.0000151588.62709.17","article-title":"Special situations: abnormal cervical cytology in immunocompromised patients","volume":"48","author":"Stany","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015_bib47","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Regression models for prognostic prediction: advantages, problems, and suggested solutions","volume":"69","author":"Harrell","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rep."}],"container-title":["Gynecologic Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090825806005002?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090825806005002?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T10:35:35Z","timestamp":1683542135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0090825806005002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0090825806005002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.06.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-8258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-8258","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}}}