{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T20:04:14Z","timestamp":1791057854526,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gynecologic Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,21]],"date-time":"2008-06-21T08:14:57Z","timestamp":1214036097000},"page":"445-451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Up-regulation of VEGF, c-fms and COX-2 expression correlates with severity of cervical cancer precursor (CIN) lesions and invasive disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Luciano S.","family":"Hammes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeshwar Rao","family":"Tekmal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Naud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Isabel","family":"Edelweiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nameer","family":"Kirma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip T.","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari J.","family":"Syrj\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Sabino","family":"Cunha-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib1","first-page":"845","article-title":"Angiogenesis of cervical neoplasia","volume":"121","author":"Stafl","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib2","first-page":"425","article-title":"Microvessel density as a prognostic factor in preinvasive and invasive cervical lesions","volume":"24","author":"Ozalp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Gynaecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009236421900","article-title":"Angiogenesis in histologically benign squamous mucosa is a sensitive marker for nearby cervical intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"2","author":"Smith-McCune","year":"1998","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/ncponc0342","article-title":"Angiogenic inhibitors: a new therapeutic strategy in oncology","volume":"2","author":"Gasparini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2005.00132.x","article-title":"Angiogenesis in gynecological oncology-mechanism of tumor progression and therapeutic targets","volume":"15","author":"Rasila","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/87.16.1237","article-title":"Vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) expression and angiogenesis in cervical neoplasia","volume":"87","author":"Guidi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2004.12.020","article-title":"The expression of cyclooxygenase-2, VEGF and PGs in CIN and cervical carcinoma","volume":"97","author":"Dai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1467","article-title":"Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D, and their receptor VEGFR-3, during different stages of cervical carcinogenesis","volume":"201","author":"Van Trappen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib9","first-page":"303","article-title":"Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the progression of cervical neoplasia and its relation to angiogenesis and p53 status","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal Quant Cytol Histol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5378","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-0961","article-title":"Colony-stimulating factor-1 blockade by antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs suppresses growth of human mammary tumor xenografts in mice","volume":"64","author":"Aharinejad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7531","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.7531","article-title":"Macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces vascular endothelial growth factor production in skeletal muscle and promotes tumor angiogenesis","volume":"174","author":"Okazaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11650","article-title":"The effect of cyclooxygenase-2 expression on tumor vascularity in advanced stage ovarian serous carcinoma","volume":"98","author":"Ali-Fehmi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdi020","article-title":"Clinical implications of expression of cyclooxygenase-2 related to angiogenesis in uterine endometrial cancers","volume":"16","author":"Toyoki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib14","first-page":"5704","article-title":"Independent regulation of invasion and anchorage-independent growth by different autophosphorylation sites of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor","volume":"56","author":"Sapi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020422900101","article-title":"The role of CSF-1 in normal physiology of mammary gland and breast cancer: an update","volume":"229","author":"Sapi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2004.253","article-title":"Hematopoietic cytokines as tumor markers","volume":"42","author":"Mroczko","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4162","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-2971","article-title":"Overexpression of the colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) and\/or its receptor c-fms in mammary glands of transgenic mice results in hyperplasia and tumor formation","volume":"64","author":"Kirma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2004-0190","article-title":"Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), as well as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), accelerates neovascularization","volume":"23","author":"Minamino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.5.2637","article-title":"M-CSF induces vascular endothelial growth factor production and angiogenic activity from human monocytes","volume":"171","author":"Eubank","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70144-4","article-title":"Serum levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 in cervical human papillomavirus infection and intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"180","author":"Adam","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1159\/000227443","article-title":"Serum level of macrophage colony-stimulating factor as a marker for gynecologic malignancies","volume":"52","author":"Suzuki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod60.2.508","article-title":"Differential expression of immunobiological mediators by immortalized human cervical and vaginal epithelial cells","volume":"60","author":"Fichorova","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980815)83:4<788::AID-CNCR24>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Cytokine production profiles in the peritoneal fluids of patients with malignant or benign gynecologic tumors","volume":"83","author":"Punnonen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib24","first-page":"625","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition by celecoxib reduces proliferation and induces apoptosis in angiogenic endothelial cells in vivo","volume":"62","author":"Leahy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2 Suppl 7","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2004.03.040","article-title":"Multiple roles of COX-2 in tumor angiogenesis: a target for antiangiogenic therapy","volume":"31","author":"Gately","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)02707-9","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 increased the angiogenic and metastatic potential of tumor cells","volume":"299","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib27","first-page":"1241","article-title":"Role of COX-2, VEGF and cyclin D1 in mammary infiltrating duct carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Lim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib28","first-page":"429","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 is overexpressed in human cervical cancer","volume":"7","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2003.10.052","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 expression predicts recurrence of cervical dysplasia following loop electrosurgical excision procedure","volume":"92","author":"Farley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2004.09.012","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 and c-erbB-2 expression in uterine cervical neoplasm assessed using tissue microarrays","volume":"97","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.01.052","article-title":"Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Ki67 as related to disease severity and HPV detection in squamous lesions of the cervix","author":"Sarian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/01.lgt.0000236969.27502.71","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase 2 expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and vulvar cancer","volume":"11","author":"Mitchell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2007.00798.x","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III and squamous cell cervical carcinoma, and its correlation with clinicopathologic variables","volume":"17","author":"Dursun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00209-8","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) negatively affect overall survival in carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiotherapy","volume":"56","author":"Gaffney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-8258(03)00224-5","article-title":"Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 associated with expression of VEGF in primary cervical cancer and at metastatic lymph nodes","volume":"90","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2004.08.036","article-title":"Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix and its relation to angiogenesis and tumor growth","volume":"95","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib37","first-page":"3469","article-title":"Comparing PAP smear cytology, aided visual inspection, screening colposcopy, cervicography and HPV testing as optional screening tools in Latin America. Study design and baseline data of the LAMS study","volume":"25","author":"Syrjanen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.48.9.876","article-title":"A \u201cquickscore\u201d method for immunohistochemical semiquantitation: validation for oestrogen receptor in breast carcinomas","volume":"48","author":"Detre","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-1991","article-title":"Elevated expression of the oncogene c-fms and its ligand, the macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1, in cervical cancer and the role of transforming growth factor-beta1 in inducing c-fms expression","volume":"67","author":"Kirma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(99)00166-5","article-title":"Proto-oncogenes and p53 protein expression in normal cervical stratified squamous epithelium and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia","volume":"35","author":"Ngan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib41","first-page":"579","article-title":"Oncoprotein changes in the flat lesions with atypia and invasive neoplasms of the urinary bladder","volume":"8","author":"Kee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14404","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.222537099","article-title":"Expression of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor during prostate development and prostate cancer progression","volume":"99","author":"Ide","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240500403","article-title":"M-CSF (monocyte colony stimulating factor) and M-CSF receptor expression by breast tumour cells: M-CSF mediated recruitment of tumour infiltrating monocytes?","volume":"50","author":"Tang","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1201092","article-title":"Recognition of activated CSF-1 receptor in breast carcinomas by a tyrosine 723 phosphospecific antibody","volume":"14","author":"Flick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.11.023","article-title":"Macrophages, inflammation and risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) progression\u2014clinicopathological correlation","volume":"105","author":"Hammes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.7.3504","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor up-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human endothelial cells","volume":"87","author":"Tamura","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4914(02)00011-4","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2: a therapeutic target in angiogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Iniguez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.026922","article-title":"Aberrant expression of VEGF-C is related to grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and high risk HPV, but does not predict virus clearance after treatment of CIN or prognosis of cervical cancer","volume":"59","author":"Branca","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"}],"container-title":["Gynecologic Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090825808003405?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090825808003405?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,12]],"date-time":"2019-05-12T07:43:12Z","timestamp":1557646992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0090825808003405"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0090825808003405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.04.038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-8258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-8258","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}}}