{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:27:25Z","timestamp":1792038445336,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gynecologic Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,9]],"date-time":"2011-06-09T06:26:10Z","timestamp":1307600770000},"page":"190-198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":279,"title":["Neuroendocrine tumors of the gynecologic tract: A Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) clinical document"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Ginger J.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Reidy-Lagunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola A.","family":"Gehrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910715)68:2<227::AID-CNCR2820680202>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Treatment of neuroendocrine carcinomas with combined etoposide and cisplatin: evidence of major therapeutic activity in the anaplastic variants of these neoplasms","volume":"68","author":"Moertel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4377","article-title":"One hundred years after \u201ccarcinoid\u201d: epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Yao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0015","first-page":"34","article-title":"Terminology of endocrine tumors of the uterine cervix: results of a workshop sponsored by the College of American Pathologists and the National Cancer Institute","volume":"121","author":"Albores-Saavedra","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0020","first-page":"586","article-title":"Evaluation of histologic, morphometric, and immunohistochemical criteria in the differential diagnosis of small cell carcinomas of the cervix with particular reference to human papillomavirus types 16 and 18","volume":"4","author":"Ambros","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199101000-00003","article-title":"Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix. A human papillomavirus type 18-associated cancer","volume":"15","author":"Stoler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-198803000-00007","article-title":"Cervical neuroendocrine carcinoma: a clinical and light microscopic study of 14 cases","volume":"7","author":"Walker","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198809000-00005","article-title":"Small-cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the cervix. A clinicopathologic, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical study of 15 cases","volume":"12","author":"Gersell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/IGC.0b013e3181ce427b","article-title":"Unfavorable prognosis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a retrospective matched case\u2013control study","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199708000-00004","article-title":"Large cell neuroendocrine [corrected] carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a clinicopathologic study of 12 cases","volume":"21","author":"Gilks","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-8258(02)00150-6","article-title":"Endocrine tumors of the uterine cervix: incidence, demographics, and survival with comparison to squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"88","author":"McCusker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-198403010-00005","article-title":"Argyrophilia, serotonin, and peptide hormones in the female genital tract and its tumors","volume":"3","author":"Scully","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(91)90225-T","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the cervix: a clinical and flow-cytometric study","volume":"42","author":"Miller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197711)40:5<2243::AID-CNCR2820400534>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Small cell cancer of the uterine cervix","volume":"40","author":"Van Nagell","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11086","article-title":"Prognostic factors in neuroendocrine small cell cervical carcinoma: a multivariate analysis","volume":"97","author":"Chan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0075","first-page":"119","article-title":"Cytologic and hormonal findings in a carcinoid tumor of the uterine cervix","volume":"34","author":"Hirahatake","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.02.009","article-title":"Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the cervix","volume":"105","author":"Pecorelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195903\/04)12:2<384::AID-CNCR2820120222>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Survival in cervical cancer with respect to cell type","volume":"12","author":"Wentz","year":"1959","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19881015)62:8<1586::AID-CNCR2820620822>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix","volume":"62","author":"van Nagell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000262458","article-title":"FDG-PET\/CT in lung cancer: an update","volume":"42","author":"Baum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Radiat Ther Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-2258","article-title":"High tumor metabolic activity as measured by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography is associated with poor prognosis in limited and extensive stage small-cell lung cancer","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.01.501","article-title":"Small-cell carcinoma of the cervix: fourteen years of experience at a single institution using a combined-modality regimen of involved-field irradiation and platinum-based combination chemotherapy","volume":"21","author":"Hoskins","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2010.11.007","article-title":"Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: prognostic factors and survival advantage with platinum chemotherapy","volume":"120","author":"Embry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181bccef5","article-title":"Small cell lung cancer: are we making progress?","volume":"339","author":"Dowell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2004.08.022","article-title":"Surgical resection of limited disease small cell lung cancer in the new era of platinum chemotherapy: its time has come","volume":"129","author":"Brock","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-007-1740-z","article-title":"Surgery and chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer in stages I\u2013II with or without radiotherapy","volume":"183","author":"Bischof","year":"2007","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0130","first-page":"941","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine in etoposide- and cisplatin-resistant small cell lung cancer","volume":"71","author":"Shepherd","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5441","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.5821","article-title":"Phase III trial comparing supportive care alone with supportive care with oral topotecan in patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer","volume":"24","author":"O'Brien","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2000.6118","article-title":"Multimodality therapy in early-stage neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix","volume":"81","author":"Boruta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0145","first-page":"10","article-title":"Surgically treated, early-stage neuroendocrine small-cell cervical carcinoma","volume":"71","author":"Sheets","year":"1988","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2003.12.027","article-title":"Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: outcome and patterns of recurrence","volume":"93","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980815)83:4<712::AID-CNCR12>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Prognostic factors in surgically treated small cell cervical carcinoma followed by adjuvant chemotherapy","volume":"83","author":"Chang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19960415)77:8<1489::AID-CNCR10>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Efficacy of radical hysterectomy as treatment for patients with small cell carcinoma of the cervix","volume":"77","author":"Sevin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.10.089","article-title":"Continued cigarette smoking by patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer is associated with decreased survival","volume":"21","author":"Videtic","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5002(00)00117-3","article-title":"Nicotine effects on proliferation and the bombesin-like peptide autocrine system in human small cell lung carcinoma SHP77 cells in culture","volume":"29","author":"Novak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.11.010","article-title":"Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: analysis of outcome, recurrence pattern and the impact of platinum-based combination chemotherapy","volume":"112","author":"Zivanovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0180","first-page":"40","article-title":"Treatment policy of neuroendocrine small cell cancer of the cervix","volume":"25","author":"Trinh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Gynaecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdm465","article-title":"Prognostic factors in FIGO stage IB\u2013IIA small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated surgically: results of a multi-center retrospective Korean study","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(91)90066-E","article-title":"Adjuvant therapy for neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of the cervix: review of the literature","volume":"43","author":"O'Hanlan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1993.1021","article-title":"A potential role for intensive chemotherapy in the treatment of small cell neuroendocrine tumors of the cervix","volume":"48","author":"Lewandowski","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(99)00253-5","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors of the uterine cervix. Clinicopathologic study of five patients","volume":"91","author":"Collinet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349509021185","article-title":"Adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of the cervix","volume":"74","author":"Abulafia","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(92)90077-V","article-title":"Treatment of small cell carcinoma of the cervix with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and etoposide","volume":"47","author":"Morris","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/83.12.855","article-title":"Randomized trial of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine versus cisplatin and etoposide versus alternation of these regimens in small-cell lung cancer","volume":"83","author":"Fukuoka","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1992.10.2.282","article-title":"Randomized study of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine versus etoposide and cisplatin versus alternation of these two regimens in extensive small-cell lung cancer: a phase III trial of the Southeastern Cancer Study Group","volume":"10","author":"Roth","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1097\/00001813-199908000-00003","article-title":"Phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage small cell cervical cancer","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2001.6201","article-title":"Neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge","volume":"82","author":"Bermudez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(03)00120-0","article-title":"Small cell undifferentiated (neuroendocrine) carcinoma of the uterine cervix","volume":"197","author":"Weed","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-2053","article-title":"Temozolomide as monotherapy is effective in treatment of advanced malignant neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"13","author":"Ekeblad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcpc1000272","article-title":"Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 8-2010. a 22-year-old woman with hypercalcemia and a pelvic mass","volume":"362","author":"Young","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-199501000-00005","article-title":"Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium","volume":"14","author":"van Hoeven","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2006.10.028","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the female genital tract","volume":"34","author":"Crowder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1048-891X.2004.14545.x","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the endometrium: report of three cases and literature review","volume":"14","author":"Katahira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199404000-00005","article-title":"Small-cell carcinoma of the endometrium. A clinicopathological study of sixteen cases","volume":"18","author":"Huntsman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/86.4.438","article-title":"Neuroendocrine differentiation in mullerian neoplasms. An immunohistochemical study of a \u201cpure\u201d endometrial small-cell carcinoma and a mixed mullerian tumor containing small-cell carcinoma","volume":"86","author":"Manivel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820815)50:4<760::AID-CNCR2820500423>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Small-cell carcinoma of the endometrium: light microscopic and ultrastructural study of a case","volume":"50","author":"Olson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-8258(02)00153-1","article-title":"Primary small cell carcinoma of the vagina","volume":"88","author":"Kaminski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1673.2000.00826.x","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the vagina","volume":"44","author":"Elsaleh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Australas Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910501)67:9<2415::AID-CNCR2820670934>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Stage I small cell carcinoma of the vulva treated with vulvectomy, lymphadenectomy, and adjuvant chemotherapy","volume":"67","author":"Cliby","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6934(03)00039-7","article-title":"Bartholin's gland carcinoma, malignant melanoma and other rare tumours of the vulva","volume":"17","author":"Finan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197612)38:6<2328::AID-CNCR2820380620>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Carcinoid of the uterine cervix: additional observations on a new tumor entity","volume":"38","author":"Albores-Saavedra","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0305","first-page":"273","article-title":"Carcinoid tumors of the cervix","volume":"14","author":"Albores-Saavedra","year":"1979","journal-title":"Pathol Annu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2009.01.010","article-title":"Correlation between grade and prognosis in metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"40","author":"Strosberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/ncponc1326","article-title":"Treatment of advanced disease in patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"6","author":"Reidy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.7431","article-title":"Indium-111\u2013pentetreotide scintigraphy and somatostatin receptor subtype 2 expression: new prognostic factors for malignant well-differentiated endocrine tumors","volume":"26","author":"Asnacios","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910715)68:2<227::AID-CNCR2820680202>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Treatment of neuroendocrine carcinomas with combined etoposide and cisplatin. Evidence of major therapeutic activity in the anaplastic variants of these neoplasms","volume":"68","author":"Moertel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90583-8","article-title":"Role of neuropeptides and serotonin in the diagnosis of carcinoid tumors","volume":"81","author":"Feldman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021405","article-title":"The chromogranin-secretogranin family","volume":"348","author":"Taupenot","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.10.1535","article-title":"Chromogranin A: is it a useful marker of neuroendocrine tumors?","volume":"25","author":"Campana","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060894","article-title":"Cardiac manifestations in mid-gut carcinoid disease","volume":"16","author":"Jacobsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(97)70053-X","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications of malignant carcinoid disease","volume":"134","author":"Anderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.01.075","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease associated with primary ovarian carcinoid tumor","volume":"93","author":"Chaowalit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903183401107","article-title":"Carcinoid tumors","volume":"340","author":"Kulke","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11105","article-title":"A 5-decade analysis of 13,715 carcinoid tumors","volume":"97","author":"Modlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1996.0136","article-title":"Primary ovarian carcinoid tumors","volume":"61","author":"Davis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197508)36:2<404::AID-CNCR2820360216>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Insular carcinoid primary in the ovary. A clinicopathologic analysis of 48 cases","volume":"36","author":"Robboy","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19920715)70:2<513::AID-CNCR2820700223>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Functioning ovarian carcinoids induce severe constipation","volume":"70","author":"Motoyama","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2002.6785","article-title":"Strumal carcinoid tumor of the ovary: a case exhibiting severe constipation associated with PYY","volume":"87","author":"Matsuda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.80.6.623","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease from ovarian primary presenting with acute pericarditis and biventricular failure","volume":"80","author":"Vergani","year":"1998","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0395","first-page":"271","article-title":"Carcinoids of the ovary: an analysis of 329 reported cases","volume":"19","author":"Soga","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19841115)54:10<2273::AID-CNCR2820541036>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Insular carcinoid of ovary associated with malignant mucinous tumors","volume":"54","author":"Robboy","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197403)33:3<798::AID-CNCR2820330327>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Carcinoid metastatic to the ovary. A clinocopathologic analysis of 35 cases","volume":"33","author":"Robboy","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19821001)50:7<1403::AID-CNCR2820500727>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Primary trabecular carcinoid tumor of the ovary","volume":"50","author":"Talerman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0415","first-page":"202","article-title":"Primary trabecular carcinoid of the ovary","volume":"49","author":"Robboy","year":"1977","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1995.1051","article-title":"Ovarian carcinoid with severe constipation due to peptide YY production","volume":"56","author":"Yaegashi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2007.00544.x","article-title":"Peptide YY producing strumal carcinoid of the ovary as the cause of severe constipation with contralateral epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"33","author":"Kawano","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860801)58:3<777::AID-CNCR2820580327>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Primary mucinous carcinoid tumor of the ovary","volume":"58","author":"Alenghat","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200105000-00001","article-title":"Ovarian mucinous carcinoids including some with a carcinomatous component: a report of 17 cases","volume":"25","author":"Baker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdh216","article-title":"Consensus report on the use of somatostatin analogs for the management of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic system","volume":"15","author":"Oberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.10.024","article-title":"Small cell of the ovary, hypercalcemic type\u2014analysis of combined experience and recommendation for management. A GCIG study","volume":"100","author":"Harrison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(88)90237-5","article-title":"Small-cell carcinoma of the ovary: an aggressive epithelial cancer occurring in young patients","volume":"29","author":"Pruett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2004.08.038","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the ovary with hypercalcemia causes severe pancreatitis and altered mental status","volume":"95","author":"Wynn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/IGC.0b013e3181a1a116","article-title":"Clinical management of ovarian small-cell carcinoma of the hypercalcemic type: a proposal for conservative surgery in an advanced stage of disease","volume":"19","author":"Dykgraaf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(85)90031-9","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the ovary: a rapidly lethal tumor occurring in the young","volume":"22","author":"Patsner","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00025-8","article-title":"Uterine and ovarian conservation in advanced small cell carcinoma of the ovary","volume":"91","author":"Powell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0b013e318172b3b6","article-title":"Minimally invasive techniques in management of hepatic neuroendocrine metastatic disease","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(97)90221-X","article-title":"Laparoscopic thermal ablation of hepatic neuroendocrine tumor metastases","volume":"122","author":"Siperstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.19.2.g99mr08399","article-title":"Chemoembolization of hepatic neoplasms: safety, complications, and when to worry","volume":"19","author":"Gates","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0b013e31815e4557","article-title":"Radioembolization for unresectable neuroendocrine hepatic metastases using resin 90Y-microspheres: early results in 148 patients","volume":"31","author":"Kennedy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181728a45","article-title":"90Y Radioembolization for metastatic neuroendocrine liver tumors: preliminary results from a multi-institutional experience","volume":"247","author":"Rhee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-80035-1_12","article-title":"Drug therapy in metastatic neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic system","volume":"142","author":"Faiss","year":"1996","journal-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1510107","article-title":"High-dose treatment with a long-acting somatostatin analogue in patients with advanced midgut carcinoid tumors","volume":"151","author":"Weslin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4656","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.8510","article-title":"Placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, randomized study on the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: a report from the PROMID Study Group","volume":"27","author":"Rinke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.4.1111","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of prolonged-release lanreotide in patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors and hormone-related symptoms","volume":"17","author":"Wymenga","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198609113151102","article-title":"Treatment of the malignant carcinoid syndrome. Evaluation of a long-acting somatostatin analogue","volume":"315","author":"Kvols","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3109\/02841869309083916","article-title":"Long-term management of the carcinoid syndrome. Treatment with octreotide alone and in combination with alpha-interferon","volume":"32","author":"Janson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860310010547","article-title":"Carcinoid\u2014a comprehensive review","volume":"42","author":"Schnirer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdl144","article-title":"Interferon-alpha and somatostatin analog in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: single agent or combination?","volume":"18","author":"Fazio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1385\/MO:19:1:35","article-title":"Treatment of malignant endocrine pancreatic tumors with a combination of alpha-interferon and somatostatin analogs","volume":"19","author":"Fjallskog","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.13.6374","article-title":"Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor in advanced carcinoid tumor: a random assignment phase II study of depot octreotide with bevacizumab and pegylated interferon alpha-2b","volume":"26","author":"Yao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0550","first-page":"1617","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors: novel approaches in the age of targeted therapy","volume":"22","author":"Phan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990915)86:6<944::AID-CNCR8>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Failure to confirm major objective antitumor activity for streptozocin and doxorubicin in the treatment of patients with advanced islet cell carcinoma","volume":"86","author":"Cheng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S111","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012465801251","article-title":"Chemotherapy and biotherapy in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"12","author":"Oberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4897","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.03.616","article-title":"Phase II\/III study of doxorubicin with fluorouracil compared with streptozocin with fluorouracil or dacarbazine in the treatment of advanced carcinoid tumors: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E1281","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.0575","article-title":"Phase II trial of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and etoposide in advanced poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma: a Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network Study","volume":"24","author":"Hainsworth","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3403","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.9020","article-title":"Activity of sunitinib in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"26","author":"Kulke","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603419","article-title":"A phase II clinical and pharmacodynamic study of temsirolimus in advanced neuroendocrine carcinomas","volume":"95","author":"Duran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009290","article-title":"Everolimus for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"364","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003825","article-title":"Sunitinib malate for the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"364","author":"Raymond","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0595","series-title":"American Society of Clinical Oncology","article-title":"MC044h, a phase II trial of sorafenib in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET): a Phase II consortium (P2C) study. J Clin Oncol","volume":"vol. 25","author":"Hobday","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4311","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.7858","article-title":"Efficacy of RAD001 (everolimus) and octreotide LAR in advanced low- to intermediate-grade neuroendocrine tumors: results of a phase II study","volume":"26","author":"Yao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011_bb0605","article-title":"Everolimus plus octreotide LAR (E+O) versus placebo plus octreotide LAR (P+O) in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NET): Updated results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III trial (RADIANT-2)","volume":"29","author":"Yao","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Gynecologic Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090825811002721?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090825811002721?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]],"date-time":"2019-06-11T11:10:16Z","timestamp":1560251416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0090825811002721"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0090825811002721"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.04.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-8258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-8258","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}}}