{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T02:45:00Z","timestamp":1785552300727,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hormones and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,22]],"date-time":"2006-11-22T15:08:15Z","timestamp":1164208095000},"page":"195-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Androgen receptors are required for full masculinization of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) in rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Brittany N.","family":"Dugger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia L.","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Marc","family":"Breedlove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-100-1-197","article-title":"Male rats with inherited insensitivity to androgen show reduced sexual behavior","volume":"100","author":"Beach","year":"1977","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(77)90010-7","article-title":"Effects of hypothalamic and preoptic lesions on reproductive behavior in male rats","volume":"2","author":"Christensen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/S0018-506X(02)00047-8","article-title":"Both estrogen receptors and androgen receptors contribute to testosterone-induced changes in the morphology of the medial amygdala and sexual arousal in male rats","volume":"43","author":"Cooke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14446","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507144102","article-title":"Sex and estrogenic effects on coexpression of mRNAs in single ventromedial hypothalamic neurons","volume":"102","author":"Devidze","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1331.2001.00764.x","article-title":"Somatosensory stimuli evoke norepinephrine release in the anterior ventromedial hypothalamus of sexually receptive female rats","volume":"14","author":"Etgen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2001.1679","article-title":"The synaptic organization of VMH neurons that mediate the effects of estrogen on sexual behavior","volume":"40","author":"Flanagan-Cato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.01.012","article-title":"Co-localization of midbrain projections, progestin receptors, and mating-induced fos in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus of the female rat","volume":"50","author":"Flanagan-Cato","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.03.008","article-title":"Androgen receptor blockade in the MPOA or VMN: effects on male sociosexual behaviors","volume":"81","author":"Harding","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.119.5.1227","article-title":"Microlesions of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus: effects on sociosexual behaviors in male rats","volume":"119","author":"Harding","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(97)00189-7","article-title":"Mapping of neural and signal transduction pathways for lordosis in the search for estrogen actions on the central nervous system","volume":"92","author":"Kow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022027408234","article-title":"Sex and the developing brain: suppression of neuronal estrogen sensitivity by developmental androgen exposure","volume":"22","author":"MacLusky","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1106","article-title":"Influence of sex and estrus cycle on the sexual dimorphisms of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus: stereological evaluation and Golgi study","volume":"432","author":"Madeira","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.07.064","article-title":"Disinhibition of maternal behavior following neurotoxic lesions of the hypothalamus in primigravid rats","volume":"1025","author":"Mann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj1954.30.277","article-title":"Sex difference in volume of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat","volume":"30","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1983","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Jpn."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01388-4","article-title":"Acceleration of mounting behaviors in female rats by ibotenic acid lesions in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus","volume":"291","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.1996.04494.x","article-title":"Sex differences in cytosolic androgen receptors in gonadectomized male and female rats","volume":"8","author":"McGinnis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90418-3","article-title":"In vitro measurement of cytosol and cell nuclear androgen receptors in male rat brain and pituitary","volume":"275","author":"McGinnis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20558","article-title":"Partial demasculinization of several brain regions in adult male (XY) rats with a dysfunctional androgen receptor gene","volume":"487","author":"Morris","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.03-05-00933.1983","article-title":"A regional analysis of estrogen binding to hypothalamic cell nuclei in relation to masculinization and defeminization","volume":"3","author":"Nordeen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/279238a0","article-title":"Androgen-insensitive rats are defeminized by their testes","volume":"279","author":"Olsen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib21","series-title":"The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012690","article-title":"Deficit in the lordosis reflex of female rats caused by lesions in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus","volume":"288","author":"Pfaff","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-3-1310","article-title":"Sex differences in androgen receptors and aromatase activity in microdissected regions of the rat brain","volume":"128","author":"Roselli","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-121-6-2205","article-title":"Genetic evidence for androgen-dependent and independent control of aromatase activity in the rat brain","volume":"121","author":"Roselli","year":"1987","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20451","article-title":"Estrogen modulates the sexually dimorphic synaptic connectivity of the ventromedial nucleus","volume":"484","author":"Sa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib26","series-title":"The Rat Nervous System","first-page":"353","article-title":"Anatomical substrates of hypothalamic integration","author":"Simerly","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902940107","article-title":"Distribution of androgen and estrogen receptor mRNA-containing cells in the rat brain: an in situ hybridization study","volume":"294","author":"Simerly","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1159\/000126165","article-title":"Asymmetry of brain aromatase activity: region- and sex-specific developmental patterns","volume":"55","author":"von Ziegler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960617)370:1<71::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Distribution and steroid hormone regulation of aromatase mRNA expression in the forebrain of adult male and female rats: a cellular-level analysis using in situ hybridization","volume":"370","author":"Wagner","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2002.1822","article-title":"Sex differences, laterality, and hormonal regulation of androgen receptor immunoreactivity in rat hippocampus","volume":"42","author":"Xiao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.106.4.698","article-title":"Effects of unilateral hypothalamic manipulations on the sexual behaviors of rats","volume":"106","author":"Yahr","year":"1992","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)38972-0","article-title":"A single base mutation in the androgen receptor gene causes androgen insensitivity in the testicular feminized rat","volume":"265","author":"Yarbough","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Hormones and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0018506X06002716?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0018506X06002716?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T19:47:02Z","timestamp":1683661622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0018506X06002716"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0018506X06002716"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.10.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-506X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-506X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}}}