{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T13:04:09Z","timestamp":1774357449665,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hormones and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,26]],"date-time":"2015-04-26T04:55:11Z","timestamp":1430024111000},"page":"20-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The association between affective psychopathic traits, time incarcerated, and cortisol response to psychosocial stress"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Megan M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Mikolajewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Shirtcliff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Eckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanette","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb9000","article-title":"Dancing the sample size limbo with mixed models: How low can you go?","author":"Bell","year":"2010","journal-title":"SAS Global Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2005.00353.x","article-title":"Psychopathy, startle blink modulation, and electrodermal reactivity in twin men","volume":"42","author":"Benning","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.07.003","article-title":"The amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in morality and psychopathy","volume":"11","author":"Blair","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050145","article-title":"Biological sensitivity to context: I. An evolutionary-developmental theory of the origins and functions of stress reactivity","volume":"17","author":"Boyce","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NNR.0000319501.97864.d5","article-title":"Childhood sexual abuse by a family member, salivary cortisol, and homicidal behavior of female prison inmates","volume":"57","author":"Brewer-Smyth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nurs. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.bph054","article-title":"Two approaches to parsing the heterogeneity of psychopathy","volume":"11","author":"Brinkley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0035","first-page":"656","article-title":"Coping style and distress in newly incarcerated male adolescents","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0040","series-title":"The Mask of Sanity","author":"Cleckley","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007","article-title":"The adaptive calibration model of stress responsivity","volume":"35","author":"Del Giudice","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712001547","article-title":"Reduced cortical call to arms differentiates psychopathy from antisocial personality disorder","volume":"43","author":"Drislane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0055","series-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychopathology","first-page":"251","article-title":"Beyond allostatic load: the stress response system as a mechanism of conditional adaptation","author":"Ellis","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.08.007","article-title":"Mitigating HPA axis dysregulation associated with placement changes in foster care","volume":"36","author":"Fisher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0065","series-title":"The Hare PCL: Youth Version","author":"Forth","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.014","article-title":"The cortisol awakening response: facts and future directions","volume":"72","author":"Fries","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00069-0","article-title":"Randomized controlled evaluation of the effects of cognitive\u2013behavioral stress management on cortisol responses to acute stress in healthy subjects","volume":"28","author":"Gaab","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021407","article-title":"Increased testosterone-to-cortisol ratio in psychopathy","volume":"120","author":"Glenn","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2014.03.016","article-title":"Beyond physiological hypoarousal: the role of life stress and callous-unemotional traits in incarcerated adolescent males","volume":"65","author":"Gostisha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579401003066","article-title":"Low cortisol and a flattening of expected daytime rhythm: potential indices of risk in human development","volume":"13","author":"Gunnar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.12.009","article-title":"Socioeconomic and race\/ethnic differences in daily cortisol profiles: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Hajat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.3.391","article-title":"Psychopathy and the DSM-IV criteria for antisocial personality disorder","volume":"100","author":"Hare","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0120","series-title":"Handbook of Psychopathy","first-page":"555","article-title":"Treatment of psychopathy","author":"Harris","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(99)00035-9","article-title":"The potential role of hypocortisolism in the pathophysiology of stress-related bodily disorders","volume":"25","author":"Heim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.03.002","article-title":"Estimating between- and within-individual variations in cortisol levels using multilevel models","author":"Hruschka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21111","article-title":"Psychopathy's influence on the coupling between hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal and \u2013gonadal axes among incarcerated adolescents","volume":"56","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1159\/000119004","article-title":"The \u2018Trier Social Stress Test\u2019 \u2014 a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting","volume":"28","author":"Kirschbaum","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0094","article-title":"Review. Neurobiological mechanisms for opponent motivational processes in addiction","volume":"363","author":"Koob","year":"2008","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.11.009","article-title":"Sex differences in HPA axis responses to stress: a review","volume":"69","author":"Kudielka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2003.08.009","article-title":"Acute HPA axis responses, heart rate, and mood changes to psychosocial stress (TSST) in humans at different times of day","volume":"29","author":"Kudielka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005.10.007","article-title":"Cortisol secretion patterns in addiction and addiction risk","volume":"59","author":"Lovallo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2012.10.006","article-title":"Early life adversity reduces stress reactivity and enhances impulsive behavior: implications for health behaviors","volume":"90","author":"Lovallo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0175","series-title":"Developmental Psychopathology","first-page":"78","article-title":"Beyond the stress concept: allostatic load\u2014a developmental biological and cognitive perspective","author":"Lupien","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1037\/h0047232","article-title":"A study of anxiety in the sociopathic personality","volume":"55","author":"Lykken","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0185","series-title":"The Antisocial Personalities","author":"Lykken","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.1.25","article-title":"If it goes up, must it come down? Chronic stress and the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical axis in humans","volume":"133","author":"Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.09.009","article-title":"Human salivary alpha-amylase reactivity in a psychosocial stress paradigm","volume":"55","author":"Nater","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(01)00055-5","article-title":"High and low emotion events influence emotional stress perceptions and are associated with salivary cortisol response changes in a consecutive stress paradigm","volume":"27","author":"Nejtek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.12.004","article-title":"Gender differences and the association between psychopathic traits and cortisol response to induced stress","volume":"32","author":"O'Leary","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2010.03.009","article-title":"Psychopathic personality traits and cortisol response to stress: the role of gender, type of stressor, and menstrual phase","volume":"58","author":"O'Leary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.00111","article-title":"Startle reflex modulation, affective ratings and autonomic reactivity in incarcerated Spanish psychopaths","volume":"40","author":"Pastor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.1.82","article-title":"Emotion in the criminal psychopath: startle reflex modulation","volume":"102","author":"Patrick","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2013.02.002","article-title":"The other side of the coin: blunted cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity are associated with negative health outcomes","volume":"90","author":"Phillips","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.02.016","article-title":"Stress regulation in the central nervous system: evidence from structural and functional neuroimaging studies in human populations","volume":"35","author":"Pruessner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0235","series-title":"HLM 6: Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling","author":"Raudenbush","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(97)00007-6","article-title":"The structural organization of connections between hypothalamus and cerebral cortex","volume":"24","author":"Risold","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(99)00058-X","article-title":"1999 Curt P. Richter award. Glucocorticoids and the regulation of memory consolidation","volume":"25","author":"Roozendaal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.2002.4080","article-title":"Stress and memory: opposing effects of glucocorticoids on memory consolidation and memory retrieval","volume":"78","author":"Roozendaal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0255","first-page":"55","article-title":"How do glucocorticoids influence stress? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions","volume":"21","author":"Sapolsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000035721.12441.17","article-title":"Dissociation between reactivity of the hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis and the sympathetic\u2013adrenal\u2013medullary system to repeated psychosocial stress","volume":"65","author":"Schommer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(00)00043-3","article-title":"Gender differences in age-related changes in HPA-axis reactivity","volume":"26","author":"Seeman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0270","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.862","article-title":"Neurobiology of empathy and callousness: implications for the development of antisocial behavior","volume":"27","author":"Shirtcliff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Sci. Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0280","series-title":"Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence","author":"Singer","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124194022003004","article-title":"Modeled variance in two-level models","volume":"22","author":"Snijders","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sociol. Methods Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0290","series-title":"Multilevel Analysis","author":"Snijders","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2004.06.007","article-title":"Effect of psychological stress on the salivary cortisol and amylase levels in healthy young adults","volume":"49","author":"Takai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0300","series-title":"Handbook of Psychopathy","first-page":"495","article-title":"Psychopathy and substance use disorders","author":"Taylor","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025490207678","article-title":"Predicting institutional adjustment and recidivism with the psychopathy checklist factor scores: a meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Walters","year":"2003","journal-title":"Law Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20251","article-title":"The association between PTSD symptoms and salivary cortisol in youth: the role of time since the trauma","volume":"20","author":"Weems","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12457","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007411107","article-title":"Differential changes in steroid hormones before competition in bonobos and chimpanzees","volume":"107","author":"Wobber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."}],"container-title":["Hormones and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0018506X15000604?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0018506X15000604?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,23]],"date-time":"2018-09-23T05:30:17Z","timestamp":1537680617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0018506X15000604"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["S0018506X15000604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-506X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-506X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The association between affective psychopathic traits, time incarcerated, and cortisol response to psychosocial stress","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Hormones and Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}