{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T04:10:19Z","timestamp":1790482219523,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004189","name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hormones and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]],"date-time":"2020-11-21T18:20:32Z","timestamp":1605982832000},"page":"104877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Functional differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are associated with alternative reproductive tactics based on an inversion polymorphism"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"J.L.","family":"Loveland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.M.","family":"Giraldo-Deck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.B.","family":"Lank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Goymann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"K\u00fcpper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(87)90133-0","article-title":"Sexual differentiation in birds","volume":"10","author":"Adkins-Regan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2018.08.003","article-title":"Not one hormone or another: aggression differentially affects progesterone and testosterone in a South American ovenbird","volume":"105","author":"Adreani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.0098","article-title":"Ignoring the challenge? Male black redstarts (Phoenicurus ochruros) do not increase testosterone levels during territorial conflicts but they do so in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone","volume":"278","author":"Apfelbeck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Royal Soc B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2009.06.004","article-title":"Corticosteroid receptor expression in a teleost fish that displays alternative male reproductive tactics","volume":"165","author":"Arterbery","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0030","first-page":"329","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of brain circuits mediating male sexual behavior in birds","volume":"83","author":"Ball","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol Behav, Male Sexual Function"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-2760(94)00098-O","article-title":"Sexual differentiation of brain and behavior in birds","volume":"6","author":"Balthazart","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0040","first-page":"367","article-title":"Multiple mechanisms control brain aromatase activity at the genomic and non-genomic level","volume":"86","author":"Balthazart","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem, Proceedings of the VI International Aromatase Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2014.11.016","article-title":"Do androgens link morphology and behaviour to produce phenotype-specific behavioural strategies?","volume":"100","author":"Barron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0050","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neurosteroids: of the nervous system, by the nervous system, for the nervous system","volume":"52","author":"Baulieu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Recent Prog. Horm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.43.199","article-title":"Gonadotropin releasing hormones and their receptors in avian species","volume":"43","author":"B\u00e9d\u00e9carrats","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2013.10.006","article-title":"Examining sources of variation in HPG axis function among individuals and populations of the dark-eyed junco","volume":"65","author":"Bergeon Burns","year":"2014","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-973427","article-title":"Receptor mechanisms mediating non-genomic actions of sex steroids","volume":"25","author":"Boonyaratanakornkit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Reprod. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030363","article-title":"Rapid behavioral and genomic responses to social opportunity","volume":"3","author":"Burmeister","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","article-title":"The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments","volume":"55","author":"Bustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2015.12.029","article-title":"Testosterone production in response to exogenous gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH challenge) depends on social environment and color polymorphism","volume":"244","author":"Cain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8325","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702482114","article-title":"Polymorphism at a mimicry supergene maintained by opposing frequency-dependent selection pressures","volume":"114","author":"Chouteau","year":"2017","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2005.07.017","article-title":"Estradiol rapidly activates male sexual behavior and affects brain monoamine levels in the quail brain","volume":"166","author":"Cornil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb9010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480210804","article-title":"Social control of neuronal soma size","volume":"21","author":"Davis","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.08.006","article-title":"Testosterone and its effects on courtship in golden-collared manakins (Manacus vitellinus): seasonal, sex, and age differences","volume":"51","author":"Day","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2015.05.014","article-title":"Comparative aspects of neurosteroidogenesis: from fish to mammals","volume":"227","author":"do Rego","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol, Profiles in Comparative Endocrin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0110","first-page":"61","article-title":"Gonadotropin releasing hormone: forms and functions in birds","volume":"9","author":"Dunn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(75)90030-6","article-title":"Androgen-induced aggression in neonatally androgenized female mice: inhibition by progesterone","volume":"6","author":"Erpino","year":"1975","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(71)90024-9","article-title":"Interactions between androgens and progesterone in mediation of aggression in the mouse","volume":"2","author":"Erpino","year":"1971","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1163\/156853993X00605","article-title":"Aggressive performance as a behavioral correlate of plumage polymorphism in the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia Albicollis)","volume":"124","author":"Falls","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1978.tb01437.x","article-title":"Differential aggression in genetically different morphs of the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)","volume":"46","author":"Ficken","year":"1978","journal-title":"Z. Tierpsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb9015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7794","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.16.7794","article-title":"Social regulation of the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis","volume":"90","author":"Francis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2001.1625","article-title":"Tactic\u2013specific success in sperm competition","volume":"268","author":"Fu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Royal Soc B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.2001.7608","article-title":"Aromatase inhibition reduces specifically one display of the ring dove courtship behavior","volume":"122","author":"Fusani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.06.028","article-title":"Expression of androgen receptor in the brain of a sub-oscine bird with an elaborate courtship display","volume":"578","author":"Fusani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1298.025","article-title":"Hormone-dependent neural plasticity in the juvenile and adult song system: what makes a successful male?","volume":"1016","author":"Gahr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.hdy.6884830","article-title":"Female mating behaviour, sexual selection and chromosome I inversion karyotype in the seaweed fly, Coelopa frigida","volume":"82","author":"Gilburn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jav.02440","article-title":"Development of intraspecific size variation in black coucals, white-browed coucals and ruffs from hatching to fledging","author":"Giraldo-Deck","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Avian Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2005.02.003","article-title":"The vertebrate social behavior network: evolutionary themes and variations","volume":"48","author":"Goodson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0170","article-title":"Acute peaks of testosterone suppress paternal care: evidence from individual hormonal reaction norms","volume":"284","author":"Goymann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Royal Soc B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2003.12.012","article-title":"Competing females and caring males. Sex steroids in African black coucals, Centropus grillii","volume":"68","author":"Goymann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2000.1634","article-title":"Androgens and the role of female hyperaggressiveness in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta)","volume":"39","author":"Goymann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.07.002","article-title":"Testosterone and corticosterone during the breeding cycle of equatorial and European stonechats (Saxicola torquata axillaris and S. t. rubicola)","volume":"50","author":"Goymann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.1707","article-title":"Progesterone modulates aggression in sex-role reversed female African black coucals","volume":"275","author":"Goymann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Royal Soc B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biz041","article-title":"Challenge hypothesis 2.0: a fresh look at an established idea","volume":"69","author":"Goymann","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1159\/000113625","article-title":"GnRH cell size and number in a teleost fish with two male reproductive morphs: sexual maturation, final sexual status and body size allometry","volume":"43","author":"Grober","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(96)81050-0","article-title":"Alternative reproductive strategies and tactics: diversity within sexes","volume":"11","author":"Gross","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol. (Amst.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0210","first-page":"109","article-title":"Social behavior of the Ruff, Philomachus Pugnax (L.)","volume":"55","author":"Hogan-Warburg","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ardea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-012-9574-6","article-title":"Behavioral characterization of a white-throated sparrow homozygous for the ZAL2m chromosomal rearrangement","volume":"43","author":"Horton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1317165111","article-title":"Estrogen receptor \u03b1 polymorphism in a species with alternative behavioral phenotypes","volume":"111","author":"Horton","year":"2014","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2014.04.015","article-title":"New insights into the hormonal and behavioural correlates of polymorphism in white-throated sparrows, Zonotrichia albicollis","volume":"93","author":"Horton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0230","article-title":"Vasoactive intestinal peptide as a mediator of the effects of a supergene on social behaviour","volume":"287","author":"Horton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Royal Soc B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1046","article-title":"Feedback inhibition of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in vitro and in vivo by androgens","volume":"145","author":"Houk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2006.05.013","article-title":"Seasonal and individual variation in response to GnRH challenge in male dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis)","volume":"149","author":"Jawor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-08-0544","article-title":"The chicken type III GnRH receptor homologue is predominantly expressed in the pituitary, and exhibits similar ligand selectivity to the type I receptor","volume":"202","author":"Joseph","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2005.0416","article-title":"Permanent female mimics in a lekking shorebird","volume":"2","author":"Jukema","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2007.0379","article-title":"Steroid hormones in bluegill, a species with male alternative reproductive tactics including female mimicry","volume":"3","author":"Knapp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3443","article-title":"A supergene determines highly divergent male reproductive morphs in the ruff","volume":"48","author":"K\u00fcpper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.0997","article-title":"Subordinate male cichlids retain reproductive competence during social suppression","volume":"279","author":"Kustan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Royal Soc B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2007.12.009","article-title":"Activity of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal axis differs between behavioral phenotypes in female white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis)","volume":"156","author":"Lake","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3430","article-title":"Structural genomic changes underlie alternative reproductive strategies in the ruff (Philomachus pugnax)","volume":"48","author":"Lamichhaney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1999.0926","article-title":"Testosterone-induced male traits in female ruffs (Philomachus pugnax): autosomal inheritance and gender differentiation","volume":"266","author":"Lank","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Royal Soc B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2013.0653","article-title":"A dominant allele controls development into female mimic male and diminutive female ruffs","volume":"9","author":"Lank","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod51.5.896","article-title":"Estradiol and androgen modulate chicken luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-I release in vitro","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7892608","article-title":"Role of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis","volume":"267","author":"Lin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2019.110531","article-title":"Evaluating testosterone as a phenotypic integrator: from tissues to individuals to species","volume":"496","author":"Lipshutz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0305","first-page":"2680","article-title":"Social status differences regulate the serotonergic system of a cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni","volume":"217","author":"Loveland","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2174\/1568008053174714","article-title":"Regulation of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression: functional and physiological consequences","volume":"5","author":"Manna","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets Immune Endocr. Metabol. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00032.2011","article-title":"Social regulation of gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis","volume":"26","author":"Maruska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2012.02382.x","article-title":"Social opportunity causes rapid transcriptional changes in the social behaviour network of the brain in an African cichlid fish","volume":"25","author":"Maruska","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2011347117","article-title":"A supergene-linked estrogen receptor drives alternative phenotypes in a polymorphic songbird","author":"Merritt","year":"2020","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/38.1.133","article-title":"Hormonal control and evolution of alternative male phenotypes: generalizations of models for sexual differentiation","volume":"38","author":"Moore","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0335","series-title":"Hormonal Regulation of Alternative Reproductive Strategies","author":"Morgan","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0340","series-title":"Principles of Endocrinology, Endocrinology: An Integrated Approach","author":"Nussey","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2001.1683","article-title":"Male sexual polymorphism, alternative reproductive tactics, and androgens in combtooth blennies (Pisces\u202f: Blenniidae)","volume":"40","author":"Oliveira","year":"2001","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0350","series-title":"Alternative Reproductive Tactics: An Integrative Approach","first-page":"132","article-title":"Hormones and alternative reproductive tactics in vertebrates","author":"Oliveira","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0355","article-title":"Rapid parallel evolution of standing variation in a single, complex, genomic region is associated with life history in steelhead\/rainbow trout","volume":"281","author":"Pearse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod60.6.1324","article-title":"Immunohistochemical evidence that follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone reside in separate cells in the chicken pituitary","volume":"60","author":"Proudman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1163\/156853973X00076","article-title":"Behavioural dimorphism in male ruffs, Philomachus pugnax","volume":"47","author":"van Rhijn","year":"1973","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2013.09.005","article-title":"Neuroanatomy and physiology of the avian hypothalamic\/pituitary axis: clinical aspects","volume":"17","author":"Ritchie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2016.05.015","article-title":"Divergence along the gonadal steroidogenic pathway: implications for hormone-mediated phenotypic evolution","volume":"84","author":"Rosvall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0130100100","article-title":"Progesterone receptors mediate male aggression toward infants","volume":"100","author":"Schneider","year":"2003","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10225","article-title":"Brain aromatase, 5\u03b1-reductase, and 5\u03b2-reductase change seasonally in wild male song sparrows: relationship to aggressive and sexual behavior","volume":"56","author":"Soma","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.06.034","article-title":"Endocrine correlates of alternative phenotypes in the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)","volume":"50","author":"Spinney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.026161","article-title":"Properties of the reverse transcription reaction in mRNA quantification","volume":"50","author":"St\u00e5hlberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)90912-9","article-title":"Aromatization of testosterone within a discrete hypothalamic area associated with the behavioral action of androgen in the male dove","volume":"192","author":"Steimer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.63.1.193","article-title":"StAR protein and the regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis","volume":"63","author":"Stocco","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16916-y","article-title":"A simple method to assess group difference in RT-qPCR reference gene selection using GeNorm: the case of the placental sex","volume":"7","author":"St-Pierre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0415","article-title":"Rapid regulatory evolution of a nonrecombining autosome linked to divergent behavioral phenotypes","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2011.09.016","article-title":"Non-breeding gonadal testosterone production of male and female Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) following GnRH challenge","volume":"174","author":"Susan DeVries","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(97)01318-9","article-title":"Sperm competition in fish: \u2018bourgeois\u2019 males and parasitic spawning","volume":"13","author":"Taborsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.108.088229","article-title":"The chromosomal polymorphism linked to variation in social behavior in the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) is a complex rearrangement and suppressor of recombination","volume":"179","author":"Thomas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1975.tb00855.x","article-title":"A cytogenetic study of the white-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia Albicollis (gmelin)","volume":"29","author":"Thorneycroft","year":"1975","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0440","first-page":"121","article-title":"Neurosteroid biosynthesis in vertebrate brains","volume":"124","author":"Tsutsui","year":"1999","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Phys C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb9005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1000209","article-title":"Episodic release of LH in gonadectomized male Japanese quail","volume":"100","author":"Urbanski","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(89)90055-X","article-title":"Testosterone implanted in the preoptic area of male Japanese quail must be aromatized to activate copulation","volume":"23","author":"Watson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2004.01.001","article-title":"Activation of aggressive behavior by progesterone and testosterone in male tree lizards, Urosaurus ornatus","volume":"136","author":"Weiss","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0455","first-page":"602","article-title":"Testosterone and aggression in birds","volume":"75","author":"Wingfield","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2019.06.014","article-title":"Concepts derived from the challenge hypothesis","volume":"115","author":"Wingfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.04.017","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus govern mating in both sexes and aggression in males","volume":"153","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-134","article-title":"Primer-BLAST: a tool to design target-specific primers for polymerase chain reaction","volume":"13","author":"Ye","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2014.04.011","article-title":"Evaluation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in the brain, pituitary, and gonads of songbirds","volume":"66","author":"Zinzow-Kramer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."}],"container-title":["Hormones and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0018506X20302038?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0018506X20302038?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:43:00Z","timestamp":1758069780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0018506X20302038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["S0018506X20302038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.09.08.285676","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0018-506X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-506X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Functional differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are associated with alternative reproductive tactics based on an inversion polymorphism","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Hormones and Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104877","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104877"}}