{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:51:20Z","timestamp":1791481880835,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hormones and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:32:24Z","timestamp":1790062344000},"page":"105997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of hormonal contraceptives on spatial navigation in gonadally intact female rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Eamonn L.","family":"Gomez-Perales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Ferraz da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Buynack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne G.","family":"Brake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0005","author":"Ahlmann-Eltze"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.06.012","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and cognition: a role for ethinyl estradiol","volume":"74","author":"Beltz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.06.053","article-title":"A comparison of progestins within three classes: differential effects on learning and memory in the aging surgically menopausal rat","volume":"322","author":"Braden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-07-03001.2003","article-title":"Switching memory systems during learning: changes in patterns of brain acetylcholine release in the hippocampus and striatum in rats","volume":"23","author":"Chang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623315570339","article-title":"Vaginal cytology of the laboratory rat and mouse","volume":"43","author":"Cora","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.02.002","article-title":"Evaluation of ligand selectivity using reporter cell lines stably expressing estrogen receptor alpha or beta","volume":"71","author":"Escande","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2020.598570","article-title":"Place vs. response learning: history, controversy, and neurobiology","volume":"14","author":"Goodman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2022.101040","article-title":"Oral contraceptives in the central nervous system: basic pharmacology, methodological considerations, and current state of the field","volume":"68","author":"Hampson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.008","article-title":"Modulation of spatial and response strategies by phase of the menstrual cycle in women tested in a virtual navigation task","volume":"70","author":"Hussain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0050","author":"Kassambara"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2004.01.005","article-title":"Shifts in preferred learning strategy across the estrous cycle in female rats","volume":"45","author":"Korol","year":"2004","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2022.101020","article-title":"Modeling hormonal contraception in female rats: a framework for studies in behavioral neurobiology","volume":"67","author":"Lacasse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2022.105137","article-title":"Progesterone rapidly alters the use of place and response memory during spatial navigation in female rats","volume":"140","author":"Lacasse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2022.105974","article-title":"Combined effects of the contraceptive hormones, ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel, on the use of place and response memory in gonadally-intact female rats","volume":"147","author":"Lacasse","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqag064","article-title":"Ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel coadministration induces hypophagia and increases energy expenditure in female rats","volume":"167","author":"Lacasse","year":"2026","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0080","author":"Lenth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.01.002","article-title":"Understanding the cognitive impact of the contraceptive estrogen ethinyl estradiol: tonic and cyclic administration impairs memory, and performance correlates with basal forebrain cholinergic system integrity","volume":"54","author":"Mennenga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2008.03.006","article-title":"Effects of menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive use on verbal memory","volume":"54","author":"Mordecai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2478\/amb-2021-0024","article-title":"Ethinyl estadiol\/progestin oral contraceptives depress spatial learning and dysregulate hippocampal CA3 microstructure: implications for behavioral-cognitive effects of chronic contraceptive use?","volume":"48","author":"Nwakanma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Medica Bulgarica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1996.0007","article-title":"Inactivation of hippocampus or caudate nucleus with lidocaine differentially affects expression of place and response learning","volume":"65","author":"Packard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56408-9","article-title":"EzTrack: an open-source video analysis pipeline for the investigation of animal behavior","volume":"9","author":"Pennington","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(90)90062-G","article-title":"Relative binding affinity of norgestimate and other progestins for human sex hormone-binding globulin","volume":"55","author":"Phillips","year":"1990","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0115","author":"Posit Software, PBC"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.09.015","article-title":"Use of cognitive strategies in rats: the role of estradiol and its interaction with dopamine","volume":"53","author":"Quinlan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0125","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 4.5.1) [computer software]","author":"R Core Team","year":"2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1037\/h0055224","article-title":"Studies in spatial learning. VIII. Place performance and the acquisition of place dispositions","volume":"43","author":"Ritchie","year":"1950","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0135","first-page":"15","article-title":"Oral contraceptive use in Canada","volume":"36","author":"Rotermann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Rep."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186675","article-title":"The effect of swimming on anxiety-like behaviors and corticosterone in stressed and unstressed rats","volume":"17","author":"Safari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0145","series-title":"Progestogens in Obstetrics and Gynecology","first-page":"31","article-title":"Pharmacology of progestogens","author":"Schindler","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3109\/10253899909001120","article-title":"Acute stress persistently enhances estrogen levels in the female rat","volume":"3","author":"Shors","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.08.015","article-title":"Ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel alter cognition and anxiety in rats concurrent with a decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the locus coeruleus and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the hippocampus","volume":"62","author":"Simone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","article-title":"Welcome to the tidyverse","volume":"4","author":"Wickham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997_bb0165","first-page":"284","article-title":"The comparison of the effects of acute swimming stress on plasma corticosterone and leptin concentration in male and female rats","volume":"49","author":"Zareian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Med. Iran."}],"container-title":["Hormones and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0018506X26001224?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0018506X26001224?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:05:13Z","timestamp":1791479113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0018506X26001224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0018506X26001224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-506X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-506X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of hormonal contraceptives on spatial navigation in gonadally intact female rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Hormones and Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2026.105997","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105997"}}