{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:24:01Z","timestamp":1777591441383,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01HL069779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01HL069779"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL082716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL082716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL094319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL094319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AHA13PRE16410009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHA13PRE16410009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AHA15POST22060001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHA15POST22060001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jmmc-online.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]],"date-time":"2015-12-22T05:35:57Z","timestamp":1450762557000},"page":"23-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Epicardium-derived fibroblasts in heart development and disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fu-Li","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caitlin M.","family":"Braitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Yutzey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095802","article-title":"The cardiac fibroblast: therapeutic target in myocardial remodeling and failure","volume":"45","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31823ac046","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics \u2014 2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"125","author":"Roger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1349-6","article-title":"The pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis","volume":"71","author":"Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2013.10.005","article-title":"Differential expression of embryonic epicardial progenitor markers and localization of cardiac fibrosis in adult ischemic injury and hypertensive heart disease","volume":"65","author":"Braitsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI45529","article-title":"Adult mouse epicardium modulates myocardial injury by secreting paracrine factors","volume":"121","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI74783","article-title":"Resident fibroblast lineages mediate pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis","volume":"124","author":"Moore-Morris","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.303794","article-title":"Developmental heterogeneity of cardiac fibroblasts does not predict pathological proliferation and activation","volume":"115","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2012.05.002","article-title":"The arterial and cardiac epicardium in development, disease and repair","volume":"84","author":"Gittenberger-de Groot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.82.10.1043","article-title":"Epicardium-derived cells contribute a novel population to the myocardial wall and the atrioventricular cushions","volume":"82","author":"Gittenberger-de Groot","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2007.294","article-title":"Origin, fate, and function of epicardium-derived cells (EPCDs) in normal and abnormal cardiac development","volume":"7","author":"Lie-Venema","year":"2007","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127621","article-title":"Characterisation of the human embryonic and foetal epicardium during heart development","volume":"142","author":"Risebro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2010.06.011","article-title":"Epicardial spindle orientation controls cell entry into the myocardium","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2011.05.668","article-title":"WT1 regulates epicardial epithelial to mesenchymal transition through beta-catenin and retinoic acid signaling pathways","volume":"356","author":"von Gise","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.060996","article-title":"NFATC1 promotes epicardium-derived cell invasion into myocardium","volume":"138","author":"Combs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0068","article-title":"Pericardial mesoderm generates a population of coronary smooth muscle cells migrating into the heart along with ingrowth of the epicardial organ","volume":"174","author":"Mikawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1997.8801","article-title":"Common epicardial origin of coronary vascular smooth muscle, perivascular fibroblasts, and intermyocardial fibroblasts in the avian heart","volume":"193","author":"Dettman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2011.12.022","article-title":"BMP2 signals loss of epithelial character in epicardial cells but requires the Type III TGF\u03b2 receptor to promote invasion","volume":"24","author":"Hill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.235531","article-title":"Epicardial-derived cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and fate specification require PDGF receptor signaling","volume":"108","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvt210","article-title":"Epicardial function of canonical Wnt-, Hedgehog-, Fgfr1\/2-, and Pdgfra signalling","volume":"100","author":"Rudat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.116418","article-title":"Myocardin-related transcription factors control the motility of epicardium-derived cells and the maturation of coronary vessels","volume":"142","author":"Trembley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0105","series-title":"Transcriptional Control of Cardiac Fibroblast Plasticity","author":"Small","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2012.06.002","article-title":"Pod1\/Tcf21 is regulated by retinoic acid signaling and inhibits differentiation of epicardium-derived cells into smooth muscle in the developing heart","volume":"368","author":"Braitsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jdb1020092","article-title":"Transcriptional control of cell lineage development in epicardium-derived cells","volume":"1","author":"Braitsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.494","article-title":"Wt1 is required for cardiovascular progenitor cell formation through transcriptional control of Snail and E-cadherin","volume":"42","author":"Martinez-Estrada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057829","article-title":"The transcription factors Tbx18 and Wt1 control the epicardial epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition through bi-directional regulation of Slug in murine primary epicardial cells","volume":"8","author":"Takeichi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.079970","article-title":"The bHLH transcription factor Tcf21 is required for lineage-specific EMT of cardiac fibroblast progenitors","volume":"139","author":"Acharya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07060","article-title":"Epicardial progenitors contribute to the cardiomyocyte lineage in the developing heart","volume":"454","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06969","article-title":"A myocardial lineage derives from Tbx18 epicardial cells","volume":"454","author":"Cai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.20750","article-title":"Efficient inducible Cre-mediated recombination in Tcf21cell lineages in the heart and kidney","volume":"49","author":"Acharya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-015-1314-y","article-title":"Cardiac fibroblasts: from development to heart failure","volume":"93","author":"Moore-Morris","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.520","article-title":"Interacting resident epicardium-derived fibroblasts and recruited bone marrow cells form myocardial infarction scar","volume":"65","author":"Ruiz-Villalba","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.418","article-title":"Wnt1\/betacatenin injury response activates the epicardium and cardiac fibroblasts to promote cardiac repair","volume":"31","author":"Duan","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1613","article-title":"Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition contributes to cardiac fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Zeisberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2013.10.019","article-title":"Myofibroblasts: trust your heart and let fate decide","volume":"70","author":"Davis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.08.052","article-title":"A dynamic epicardial injury response supports progenitor cell activity during zebrafish heart regeneration","volume":"127","author":"Lepilina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3390\/jdb2020117","article-title":"Epicardial origin of resident mesenchymal stem cells in the adult mammalian heart","volume":"2","author":"Asli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3390\/jdb2020084","article-title":"Epicardium-derived heart repair","volume":"2","author":"Smits","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.233262","article-title":"A dynamic notch injury response activates epicardium and contributes to fibrosis repair","volume":"108","author":"Russell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.11.016","article-title":"Role of inflammatory cells in fibroblast activation","author":"Hartupee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.11.025","article-title":"Mechanical control of cardiac myofibroblasts","author":"van Putten","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000020689.12472.E0","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 function blocking prevents myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in pressure-overloaded rats","volume":"106","author":"Kuwahara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3520","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42028","article-title":"Cardiac fibrosis in mice with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is mediated by non-myocyte proliferation and requires Tgf-\u03b2","volume":"120","author":"Teekakirikul","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21110","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004708107","article-title":"Exogenously administered secreted frizzled related protein 2 (Sfrp2) reduces fibrosis and improves cardiac function in a rat model of myocardial infarction","volume":"107","author":"He","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44824","article-title":"Pivotal role of cardiomyocyte TGF-\u03b2 signaling in the murine pathological response to sustained pressure overload","volume":"121","author":"Koitabashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001423","article-title":"Cardiac-specific overexpression of human stem cell factor promotes epicardial activation and arteriogenesis after myocardial infarction","volume":"7","author":"Xiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.976969","article-title":"Blocking of frizzled signaling with a homologous peptide fragment of Wnt3a\/Wnt5a reduces infarct expansion and prevents the development of heart failure after myocardial infarction","volume":"124","author":"Laeremans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05383","article-title":"Thymosin beta4 induces adult epicardial progenitor mobilization and neovascularization","volume":"445","author":"Smart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10188","article-title":"De novo cardiomyocytes from within the activated adult heart after injury","volume":"474","author":"Smart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2014.0019","article-title":"Re-activated adult epicardial progenitor cells are a heterogeneous population molecularly distinct from their embryonic counterparts","volume":"23","author":"Bollini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2011.10.002","article-title":"Adult cardiac-resident MSC-like stem cells with a proepicardial origin","volume":"9","author":"Chong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15372","article-title":"Epicardial FSTL1 reconstitution regenerates the adult mammalian heart","volume":"525","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022282815301577?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022282815301577?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,16]],"date-time":"2018-09-16T13:58:49Z","timestamp":1537106329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022282815301577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0022282815301577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2828"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2828","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epicardium-derived fibroblasts in heart development and disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}