{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T14:00:33Z","timestamp":1784988033021,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010785","name":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ER22-17-236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ER22-17-236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004489","name":"Mitacs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004489","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["37735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["37735"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jmmc-online.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T21:54:43Z","timestamp":1783288483000},"page":"147-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sex- and stressor-dependent effects of metformin on cardiac fibrosis in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"217","author":[{"given":"Serena M.","family":"Pulente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Fong-McMaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha A.","family":"Trzaskalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Ngou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yena","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sora","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella G.","family":"Stoppenbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teagan","family":"Haggerty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishika","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadya M.","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianne","family":"Morissette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilka","family":"Lorenzen-Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conner C.","family":"Earl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Seymour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Fortier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sweta","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Lewandowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig J.","family":"Goergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung-Han","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin E.","family":"Mulvihill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-024-01046-6","article-title":"Global epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"21","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1569","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00396.2018","article-title":"Sex differences in endothelial function important to vascular health and overall cardiovascular disease risk across the lifespan","volume":"315","author":"Stanhewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e396","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00557-0","article-title":"Characteristics, management, and outcomes in women and men with congestive heart failure in 40 countries at different economic levels: an analysis from the Global Congestive Heart Failure (G-CHF) registry","volume":"12","author":"Walli-Attaei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.315889","article-title":"Targeting age-related pathways in heart failure","volume":"126","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz161","article-title":"Small animal models of heart failure","volume":"115","author":"Riehle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a022293","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21 signaling and tissue fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201505925","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress enhances fibrosis through IRE 1\u03b1-mediated degradation of miR-150 and XBP -1 splicing","volume":"8","author":"Heindryckx","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.588347","article-title":"Pivotal role of TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling in cardiac fibrosis: non-coding RNAs as effectual players","volume":"7","author":"Saadat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.12.1.27","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b21 mediates epithelial to mesenchymal transdifferentiation through a RhoA-dependent mechanism","volume":"12","author":"Bhowmick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0050","article-title":"Causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cardiac fibrosis: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"BaniHani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1586228","article-title":"The role of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in fibrosis","volume":"43","author":"Flevaris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.6909","article-title":"Identification of cardiac fibrosis in young adults with a homozygous frameshift variant in SERPINE1","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028145","article-title":"Plasminogen activator inhibitor type I controls cardiomyocyte transforming growth factor-\u03b2 and cardiac fibrosis","volume":"136","author":"Flevaris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-09-244962","article-title":"Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is cardioprotective in mice by maintaining microvascular integrity and cardiac architecture","volume":"115","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.955245","article-title":"Genetic deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promotes cardiac fibrosis in aged mice: involvement of constitutive transforming growth factor-\u03b2 signaling and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"122","author":"Ghosh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2022.110555","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte PAI-1 influences the cardiac transcriptome and limits the extent of cardiac fibrosis in response to left ventricular pressure overload","volume":"104","author":"Ghosh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4318-z","article-title":"Metformin: historical overview","volume":"60","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3480607","article-title":"Evidence that metformin exerts its anti-diabetic effects through inhibition of complex 1 of the mitochondrial respiratory chain","volume":"348","author":"Owen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.1.223","article-title":"Dimethylbiguanide inhibits cell respiration via an indirect effect targeted on the respiratory chain complex I","volume":"275","author":"El-Mir","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200094","article-title":"AMPK is a direct adenylate charge-regulated protein kinase","volume":"332","author":"Oakhill","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09932","article-title":"Structure of mammalian AMPK and its regulation by ADP","volume":"472","author":"Xiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2017.04.009","article-title":"Metformin effects on the heart and the cardiovascular system: a review of experimental and clinical data","volume":"27","author":"Nesti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.190918","article-title":"Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by metformin improves left ventricular function and survival in heart failure","volume":"104","author":"Gundewar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02619","article-title":"Metformin protects against systolic overload\u2013induced heart failure independent of AMP-activated protein kinase \u03b12","volume":"63","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0125","article-title":"Metformin is a novel suppressor for transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b21","volume":"6","author":"Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13753","article-title":"Metformin attenuates angiotensin II-induced TGF\u03b21 expression by targeting hepatocyte nuclear factor-4-\u03b1: metformin inhibits TGF\u03b21 by targeting HNF4\u03b1","volume":"175","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq066","article-title":"Metformin attenuates cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF1-Smad3 signalling pathway","volume":"87","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.045115","article-title":"High-resolution transcriptomic profiling of the heart during chronic stress reveals cellular drivers of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy","volume":"142","author":"McLellan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05060-x","article-title":"Spatial multi-omic map of human myocardial infarction","volume":"608","author":"Kuppe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116892","article-title":"Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene-deficient mice: I. Generation by homologous recombination and characterization","volume":"92","author":"Carmeliet","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H359","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00476.2021","article-title":"Quantification of murine myocardial infarct size using 2-D and 4-D high-frequency ultrasound","volume":"322","author":"Dann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H197","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00133.2021","article-title":"Improving characterization of hypertrophy-induced murine cardiac dysfunction using four-dimensional ultrasound-derived strain mapping","volume":"321","author":"Damen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.840","article-title":"Isolation of adult mouse cardiac fibroblasts","volume":"3","author":"Almazloum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.154314","article-title":"Hepatocyte-derived DPP4 regulates portal GLP-1 bioactivity, modulates glucose production, and when absent influences NAFLD progression","volume":"8","author":"Trzaskalski","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W216","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac194","article-title":"DAVID: a web server for functional enrichment analysis and functional annotation of gene lists (2021 update)","volume":"50","author":"Sherman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.211","article-title":"Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources","volume":"4","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1080\/10976640701693733","article-title":"Mid-myocardial fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with lamin A\/C cardiomyopathy: possible substrate for diastolic dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Raman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-021-02462-2","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of truncated cardiovascular MR protocols for detecting non-ischemic cardiomyopathies","volume":"38","author":"Hirschberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-021-00775-8","article-title":"Multi-parametric assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy using late gadolinium enhancement, T1 mapping and strain-encoded cardiovascular magnetic resonance","volume":"23","author":"Giusca","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.03.010","article-title":"Are metformin doses used in murine cancer models clinically relevant?","volume":"23","author":"Chandel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-023-00922-3","article-title":"Localized strain characterization of cardiomyopathy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy using novel 4D kinematic analysis of cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance","volume":"25","author":"Earl","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0210","author":"Hughes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2939","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.279.6.H2939","article-title":"Diastolic wall stress and ANG II in cardiac hypertrophy and gene expression induced by volume overload","volume":"279","author":"Yamakawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.11.030","article-title":"B-type natriuretic peptide strongly reflects diastolic wall stress in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"47","author":"Iwanaga","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2002.00985.x","article-title":"Myocardial fibrosis in transforming growth factor-\u03b21 (TGF-\u03b21) transgenic mice is associated with inhibition of interstitial collagenase","volume":"32","author":"Seeland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2019-0245OC","article-title":"Cross-talk between transforming growth factor-\u03b2 and periostin can be targeted for pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"62","author":"Nanri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10003","DOI":"10.70322\/fibrosis.2025.10003","article-title":"Mechanics and synergistic signaling of fibronectin, integrins, and TGF-\u03b2 isoforms","volume":"3","author":"Sofroniou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fibrosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.03.004","article-title":"Activation of AMPK inhibits inflammatory response during hypoxia and reoxygenation through modulating JNK-mediated NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"83","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2013.11.003","article-title":"Origin, development, and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts","volume":"70","author":"Lajiness","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.08.008","article-title":"Segregation of type I collagen homo- and heterotrimers in fibrils","volume":"383","author":"Han","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53331","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409622200","article-title":"Type V collagen controls the initiation of collagen fibril assembly","volume":"279","author":"Wenstrup","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8121483","article-title":"The role of lysyl oxidase enzymes in cardiac function and remodeling","volume":"8","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2013.09.013","article-title":"Periostin expression is upregulated and associated with myocardial fibrosis in human failing hearts","volume":"63","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.750626","article-title":"Modulation of cardiac fibrosis in and beyond cells","volume":"8","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04990-6","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the potential role of Postn(+) fibroblasts in promoting the progression of myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction","volume":"15","author":"Nie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30682-0","article-title":"Mapping the cardiac vascular niche in heart failure","volume":"13","author":"Peisker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5575","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23881-7","article-title":"Cardiac (myo)fibroblasts modulate the migration of monocyte subsets","volume":"8","author":"Pappritz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000141427.61023.f4","article-title":"Overexpression of urokinase by macrophages or deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 causes cardiac fibrosis in mice","volume":"95","author":"Moriwaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00418-y","article-title":"Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 protects mice against cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting urokinase-type plasminogen activator-mediated plasminogen activation","volume":"7","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0300","article-title":"Augmented cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload in mice lacking ELTD1","volume":"7","author":"Xiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26010113","article-title":"Direct vascular effects of angiotensin II (A systematic short review)","volume":"26","author":"N\u00e1dasy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.163","article-title":"Neurohormonal activation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"14","author":"Hartupee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy179","article-title":"Testosterone plays a permissive role in angiotensin II-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in male rats","volume":"100","author":"Mishra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111192","article-title":"Temporal control of PDGFR\u03b1 regulates the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in wound healing","volume":"40","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15031","article-title":"Comparison of mouse models of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"12","author":"Sayour","year":"2025","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-017-0152-8","article-title":"The protective role of estrogen and estrogen receptors in cardiovascular disease and the controversial use of estrogen therapy","volume":"8","author":"Iorga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/509282a","article-title":"Policy: NIH to balance sex in cell and animal studies","volume":"509","author":"Clayton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.307509","article-title":"The importance of biological sex and estrogen in rodent models of cardiovascular health and disease","volume":"118","author":"Blenck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.06.018","article-title":"Estrogen receptor beta signals to inhibition of cardiac fibrosis","volume":"434","author":"Pedram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5829","DOI":"10.1021\/pr500749j","article-title":"Comparative proteomic analysis reveals sex and estrogen receptor \u03b2 effects in the pressure overloaded heart","volume":"13","author":"Kararigas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1597","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00825.2009","article-title":"Female sex and estrogen receptor-\u03b2 attenuate cardiac remodeling and apoptosis in pressure overload","volume":"298","author":"Fliegner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00347-7","article-title":"Hypertrophic remodeling: gender differences in the early response to left ventricular pressure overload","volume":"32","author":"Douglas","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2007.10.024","article-title":"17 beta-estradiol differentially affects left ventricular and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy following myocardial infarction and pressure overload","volume":"14","author":"Patten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Card. Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2024.148769","article-title":"Sex-related differences in hypertrophy response and cardiac expression of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in rats with pressure overload","volume":"928","author":"Salehiyeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.171","article-title":"Sex-dependent regulation of fibrosis and inflammation in human left ventricular remodelling under pressure overload","volume":"16","author":"Kararigas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.09.007","article-title":"Androgens potentiate renal vascular responses to angiotensin II via amplification of the Rho kinase signaling pathway","volume":"72","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107820","article-title":"Nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase inhibition improves cardiac function and structure in a heart failure with preserved ejection fraction mouse model","volume":"217","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5793","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.97767","article-title":"Knocking out USP7 attenuates cardiac fibrosis and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition by destabilizing SMAD3 in mice with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"14","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a022061","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling from receptors to Smads","volume":"8","author":"Hata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000165133.84978.E2","article-title":"Angiotensin II activates the Smad pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells by a transforming growth factor-\u03b2\u2013independent mechanism","volume":"111","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Vita","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.213","article-title":"Angiotensin II activates the Smad pathway during epithelial mesenchymal transdifferentiation","volume":"74","author":"Carvajal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072120","article-title":"Metformin inhibits angiotensin II-induced differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts","volume":"8","author":"Bai","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.013","article-title":"Metformin suppresses cardiac fibroblast proliferation under high-glucose conditions via regulating the mitochondrial complex I protein Grim-19 involved in the Sirt1\/Stat3 signaling pathway","volume":"206","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-09699-0","article-title":"Left ventricle strain and T1 mapping evaluation in a mouse model with myocardial infarction","volume":"15","author":"Bouazizi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.16159","article-title":"4D ultrasound-based strain assessment of cardiac dysfunction in male rats with reperfused and nonreperfused myocardial infarction","volume":"12","author":"Omoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1201","article-title":"Progression of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and risk of heart failure","volume":"306","author":"Kane","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.10.039","article-title":"Asymptomatic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Kosmala","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.05.049","article-title":"PAI-1 deficiency reduces liver fibrosis after bile duct ligation in mice through activation of tPA","volume":"581","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.119974","article-title":"Suppression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by RNA interference attenuates pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"65","author":"Senoo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz050","article-title":"Fibroblast-specific plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 depletion ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction","volume":"34","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-007-0691-y","article-title":"Metformin protects the ischemic heart by the Akt-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening","volume":"103","author":"Bhamra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1098","article-title":"Acute metformin therapy confers cardioprotection against myocardial infarction via AMPK-eNOS\u2013mediated signaling","volume":"57","author":"Calvert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022282826000945?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022282826000945?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T13:01:11Z","timestamp":1784984471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022282826000945"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["S0022282826000945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2828"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2828","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sex- and stressor-dependent effects of metformin on cardiac fibrosis in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2026.06.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}