{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:41:18Z","timestamp":1784544078676,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,19]],"date-time":"2005-12-19T15:52:07Z","timestamp":1135007527000},"page":"83-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Molecular phylogenetics of blackflies of the Simulium damnosum complex and cytophylogenetic implications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Krueger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina C.","family":"Hennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib1","series-title":"The Molecular Biology of Insect Disease Vectors. A Methods Manual","first-page":"244","article-title":"The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and RT-PCR","author":"Arc\u00e0","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.18.110187.002421","article-title":"Intraspecific phylogeography: the mitochondrial DNA bridge between population genetics and systematics","volume":"18","author":"Avise","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6885","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.15.6885","article-title":"Molecular phylogeny of the Anopheles gambiae complex suggests genetic introgression between principal malaria vectors","volume":"91","author":"Besansky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485399000048","article-title":"The cytotaxonomy of Simulium sanctipauli sensu stricto (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Ghana and the C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","volume":"89","author":"Boakye","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.1867","article-title":"Molecular identification of onchocerciasis vector sibling species in black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)","volume":"194","author":"Brockhouse","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/150.2.807","article-title":"Multiple origins of cytologically identical chromosome inversions in the Anopheles gambiae complex","volume":"150","author":"Caccone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib7","series-title":"The Natural History of Blackflies","author":"Crosskey","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib8","unstructured":"Crosskey, R.W., Howard, T.M., 2004. A revised taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). http:\/\/www.nhm.ac.uk\/entomology\/projects\/blackflies\/index.html.."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.hdy.6800377","article-title":"Revisiting the role of introgression vs shared ancestral polymorphisms as key processes shaping genetic diversity in the recently separated sibling species of the Anopheles gambiae complex","volume":"92","author":"Donnelly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/209597a0","article-title":"Four sibling species included in Simulium damnosum Theobald (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Uganda","volume":"209","author":"Dunbar","year":"1966","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib11","first-page":"974","article-title":"Nine cytological segregates in the Simulium damnosum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae)","volume":"40","author":"Dunbar","year":"1969","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib12","unstructured":"Dunbar, R.W., Vajime, C.G., 1972. The Simulium (Edwardsellum) damnosum complex: A report on cytotaxonomic studies to April 1972. Unpublished document WHO\/ONCHO\/72.100, p. 14."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib13","series-title":"Blackflies The future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control","first-page":"31","article-title":"Cytotaxonomy of the Simulium damnosum complex","author":"Dunbar","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018356506390","article-title":"Geographical patterns of old and young species in African forest biota: the significance of specific montane areas as evolutionary centres","volume":"6","author":"Fjelds\u00e5","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biodivers. Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132421","article-title":"Species-level paraphyly and polyphyly: frequency, causes, and consequences, with insights from animal mitochondrial DNA","volume":"34","author":"Funk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib16","first-page":"239","article-title":"Simulium (Edwardsellum) rasyani n. sp., the Yemen species of the Simulium damnosum complex","volume":"39","author":"Garms","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib17","first-page":"456","article-title":"Description de Simulium (Edwardsellum) kilibanum sp. nov. et position de cette esp\u00e8ce dans le complexe S. damnosum (Diptera: Simuliidae)","volume":"28","author":"Gouteux","year":"1977","journal-title":"Tropenmed. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib18","first-page":"179","article-title":"Cytogenetic comparison of Simulium soubrense populations in Liberia (Simuliidae, Diptera)","volume":"78","author":"G\u00fczelhan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Z. Angew. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib19","series-title":"Environmental History of East Africa: A Study of the Quaternary","author":"Hamilton","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib20","series-title":"Island Africa\u2014The Evolution of Africa\u2019s Rare Animals and Plants","author":"Kingdon","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803225002336","article-title":"An alternative protocol for the preparation of the polytene chromosomes of larval Simulium damnosum s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae)","volume":"97","author":"Kr\u00fcger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1179\/136485905X28009","article-title":"Descriptions of members of the Simulium damnosum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) from southern Africa, Ethiopia and Tanzania","volume":"99","author":"Kr\u00fcger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485399000681","article-title":"Verification of the synonymy of Simulium damnosum cytoform \u2018Nyamagasani\u2019 with Simulium kilibanum Gouteux (Diptera: Simuliidae) together with descriptive data on related forms","volume":"89","author":"Kr\u00fcger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.2000.00163.x","article-title":"Molecular identification and phylogeny of East African Simulium damnosum s.l. and their relationship with West African species of the complex (Diptera: Simuliidae)","volume":"9","author":"Kr\u00fcger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01270.x","article-title":"Two new cytoforms of the Simulium damnosum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Malawi and Tanzania and potential onchocerciasis vectors","volume":"9","author":"Kr\u00fcger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.1998.00113.x","article-title":"A new species of the Simulium damnosum complex from Uganda, and comparative morphology of the tarsal claws in females of this complex","volume":"12","author":"Kr\u00fcger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/5.2.150","article-title":"MEGA3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib28","series-title":"Biogeography and Ecology of the Rain Forests of Eastern Africa","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.2002.00348.x","article-title":"Population variability in Chironomus (Camptochironomus) species (Diptera, Nematocera) with a Holarctic distribution: evidence for mitochondrial gene flow","volume":"11","author":"Martin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803225003523","article-title":"The cytotaxonomy and morphotaxonomy of Simulium mengense (Diptera: Simuliidae)","volume":"98","author":"Mustapha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1079\/BER2004330","article-title":"Mosquitoes of the Anopheles maculipennis group (Diptera: Culicidae) in Romania, with the discovery and formal recognition of a new species based on molecular and morphological evidence","volume":"94","author":"Nicolescu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00133522","article-title":"The cytotaxonomy of Simulium sanctipauli and Simulium soubrense (Diptera: Simuliidae)","volume":"69","author":"Post","year":"1986","journal-title":"Genetica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1992.tb00637.x","article-title":"DNA probes for the identification of members of the Simulium damnosum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae)","volume":"6","author":"Post","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1139\/g93-015","article-title":"Cytotaxonomy of the Simulium damnosum complex from central and northeastern Tanzania","volume":"36","author":"Procunier","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib35","first-page":"505","article-title":"The distribution, bionomics and control of onchocerciasis vectors (Diptera: Simuliidae) in eastern Africa and the Yemen","volume":"30","author":"Raybould","year":"1979","journal-title":"Tropenmed. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.24.010179.002451","article-title":"Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae)","volume":"24","author":"Rothfels","year":"1979","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib37","first-page":"513","article-title":"Comparative evolutionary analysis of rDNA ITS regions in Drosophila","volume":"11","author":"Schl\u00f6tterer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.242585899","article-title":"Conflict between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA phylogenies of a recent species radiation: what mtDNA reveals and conceals about modes of speciation in Hawaiian crickets","volume":"99","author":"Shaw","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/50.1.39","article-title":"Incongruence of mitochondrial and nuclear genes in the carabid beetles Ohomopterus","volume":"50","author":"Sota","year":"2001","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib40","unstructured":"Swofford, D.L., 2002. PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and other methods), version 4.0. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025561","article-title":"Intra-specific heterogeneity of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer in the Simulium damnosum (Diptera: Simuliidae) complex","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.1995.tb00011.x","article-title":"The Simulium damnosum species complex: phylogenetic analysis and molecular identification based upon mitochondrially encoded gene sequences","volume":"4","author":"Tang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00187-0","article-title":"Molecular identification of vectors of Leishmania in Colombia: Mitochondrial introgression in the Lutzomyia townsendi series","volume":"84","author":"Testa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.2000.00178.x","article-title":"Evidence for mitochondrial introgression between Anopheles bwambae and Anopheles gambiae","volume":"9","author":"Thelwell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)05265-8","article-title":"Vector-parasite transmission complexes for onchocerciasis in West Africa","volume":"349","author":"To\u00e8","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib46","first-page":"235","article-title":"Species complex of vectors and epidemiology","volume":"59","author":"Vajime","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Leiden."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/00034980050006465","article-title":"The cytotaxonomy of Simulium damnosum s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Thyolo onchocerciasis focus in Malawi and description of a new member of the complex","volume":"94","author":"Vajime","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/1055-7903(92)90001-W","article-title":"Sequence and secondary structure comparisons of ITS rDNA in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"1","author":"Wesson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1139\/g91-050","article-title":"Comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequences of seven morphospecies of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)","volume":"34","author":"Xiong","year":"1991","journal-title":"Genome"}],"container-title":["Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1055790305003763?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1055790305003763?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T18:14:00Z","timestamp":1626891240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1055790305003763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1055790305003763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.11.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-7903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-7903","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}}}