{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T13:00:59Z","timestamp":1789736459035,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008792","name":"Novartis Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Chinese National Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81501062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81501062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Overseas Scholarship Program of Shaanxi Normal University"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GK201603114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GK201603114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]],"date-time":"2016-12-28T01:45:38Z","timestamp":1482889538000},"page":"401-415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Effect of Fingolimod on Neural Stem Cells: A Novel Mechanism and Broadened Application for Neural Repair"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogoljub","family":"Ciric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cun-Gen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Gran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdolmohamad","family":"Rostami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang-Xian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61620-7","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"372","author":"Compston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70064-8","article-title":"The changing demographic pattern of multiple sclerosis epidemiology","volume":"9","author":"Koch-Henriksen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70288-0","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: new measures to monitor the disease","volume":"12","author":"Filippi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.08.004","article-title":"The molecular basis of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis","volume":"585","author":"Lassmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.12.002","article-title":"Neuroprotection, regeneration and immunomodulation: broadening the therapeutic repertoire in multiple sclerosis","volume":"33","author":"Aktas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.07.020","article-title":"The therapeutic plasticity of neural stem\/precursor cells in multiple sclerosis","volume":"265","author":"Pluchino","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.09.086","article-title":"In search of human oligodendroglia for myelin repair","volume":"456","author":"Buchet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2006.00009.x","article-title":"Neural stem cell systems: diversities and properties after transplantation in animal models of diseases","volume":"16","author":"Conti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03889","article-title":"Neurosphere-derived multipotent precursors promote neuroprotection by an immunomodulatory mechanism","volume":"436","author":"Pluchino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.091203","article-title":"Evaluation of bone marrow- and brain-derived neural stem cells in therapy of central nervous system autoimmunity","volume":"177","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10159","article-title":"Transplanted multipotential neural precursor cells migrate into the inflamed white matter in response to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"41","author":"Ben-Hur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05335.x","article-title":"Enriched environment promotes adult neural progenitor cell mobilization in mouse demyelination models","volume":"25","author":"Magalon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.11.007","article-title":"Transplanted neural precursor cells reduce brain inflammation to attenuate chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"198","author":"Einstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01552","article-title":"Injection of adult neurospheres induces recovery in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"422","author":"Pluchino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21033","article-title":"Neural precursors attenuate autoimmune encephalomyelitis by peripheral immunosuppression","volume":"61","author":"Einstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2003.08.009","article-title":"Intraventricular transplantation of neural precursor cell spheres attenuates acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis","volume":"24","author":"Einstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2008.02.008","article-title":"The potential use of stem cells in multiple sclerosis: an overview of the preclinical experience","volume":"110","author":"Karussis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-007-9006-9","article-title":"From stem cells to oligodendrocytes: prospects for brain therapy","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.08.019","article-title":"Can we pass from the experimental to the clinical phase in MS stem cell research?","volume":"265","author":"Hommes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.03.007","article-title":"Stem cell and progenitor cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis: the discrepancy between neurobiological attraction and clinical feasibility","volume":"233","author":"Lassmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2009.08.009","article-title":"Transplanted myogenic progenitor cells express neuronal markers in the CNS and ameliorate disease in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"215","author":"Aharoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct1101691","article-title":"Fingolimod for multiple sclerosis","volume":"366","author":"Pelletier","year":"2012","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909494","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"362","author":"Kappos","year":"2010","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511411061","article-title":"Oral fingolimod (FTY720) in relapsing multiple sclerosis: impact on health-related quality of life in a phase II study","volume":"17","author":"Montalban","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.2165\/11207350-000000000-00000","article-title":"Fingolimod: a review of its use in the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Scott","year":"2011","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511400476","article-title":"Immunosuppression with FTY720 is insufficient to prevent secondary progressive neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"17","author":"Al-Izki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2682","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.091234","article-title":"Fingolimod (FTY720) enhances remyelination following demyelination of organotypic cerebellar slices","volume":"176","author":"Miron","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.06.031","article-title":"Central nervous system-directed effects of FTY720 (fingolimod)","volume":"274","author":"Miron","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21227","article-title":"FTY720 modulates human oligodendrocyte progenitor process extension and survival","volume":"63","author":"Miron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820d9507","article-title":"The neurobiology of sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators","volume":"76","author":"Soliven","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20576","article-title":"Functional consequences of S1P receptor modulation in rat oligodendroglial lineage cells","volume":"55","author":"Jung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4645-04.2005","article-title":"Edg8\/S1P5: an oligodendroglial receptor with dual function on process retraction and cell survival","volume":"25","author":"Jaillard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200502086","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress modulates the response of myelinating oligodendrocytes to the immune cytokine interferon-gamma","volume":"169","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-14-20","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of IL-17 on neural stem cell proliferation and neural cell differentiation","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.06.019","article-title":"Dysregulation of sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1) signaling and regulatory lymphocyte-dependent immunosuppression in a model of post-fingolimod MS rebound","volume":"50","author":"Cavone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3469","article-title":"M2 microglia and macrophages drive oligodendrocyte differentiation during CNS remyelination","volume":"16","author":"Miron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10285","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4915-13.2014","article-title":"Abrogation of \u03b2-catenin signaling in oligodendrocyte precursor cells reduces glial scarring and promotes axon regeneration after CNS injury","volume":"34","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3678","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI37914","article-title":"Adult neural stem cells expressing IL-10 confer potent immunomodulation and remyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"119","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2480","article-title":"Remyelination in the CNS: from biology to therapy","volume":"9","author":"Franklin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.13144FP","article-title":"Osthole augments therapeutic efficiency of neural stem cells-based therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"124","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00542.x","article-title":"Establishment and properties of neural stem cell clones: plasticity in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo","volume":"9","author":"Vescovi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.241","article-title":"Neurotrophin 3 transduction augments remyelinating and immunomodulatory capacity of neural stem cells","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0174","article-title":"Marrow stromal cells transplanted to the adult brain are rejected by an inflammatory response and transfer donor labels to host neurons and glia","volume":"24","author":"Coyne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12938","article-title":"The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist FTY720 is neuroprotective after cuprizone-induced CNS demyelination","volume":"172","author":"Slowik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.080478","article-title":"Cyclical and dose-dependent responses of adult human mature oligodendrocytes to fingolimod","volume":"173","author":"Miron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14230","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206093109","article-title":"Fingolimod, a sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor modulator, increases BDNF levels and improves symptoms of a mouse model of Rett syndrome","volume":"109","author":"Deogracias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.005","article-title":"Fingolimod phosphate promotes the neuroprotective effects of microglia","volume":"256","author":"Noda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0338-5","article-title":"There is more to a lipid than just being a fat: sphingolipid-guided differentiation of oligodendroglial lineage from embryonic stem cells","volume":"36","author":"Bieberich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99444","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099444","article-title":"Fingolimod attenuates splenocyte-induced demyelination in cerebellar slice cultures","volume":"9","author":"Pritchard","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22272","article-title":"S1P1 receptor subtype inhibits demyelination and regulates chemokine release in cerebellar slice cultures","volume":"60","author":"Sheridan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.01.006","article-title":"Fingolimod treatment promotes proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"76","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2011.06.007","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator fingolimod (FTY720) does not promote remyelination in\u00a0vivo","volume":"48","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.76.377","article-title":"Cytotoxic actions of FTY720, a novel immunosuppressant, on thymocytes and brain neurons dissociated from the rat","volume":"76","author":"Oyama","year":"1998","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01314-8","article-title":"Oral fingolimod in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (INFORMS): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"387","author":"Lublin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-173203","article-title":"Neurobiological effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulation in the cuprizone model","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03451.x","article-title":"Novel role of sphingosine kinase 1 as a mediator of neurotrophin-3 action in oligodendrocyte progenitors","volume":"95","author":"Saini","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00283","article-title":"Fingolimod for the treatment of neurological diseases-state of play and future perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Brunkhorst","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1650","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate and its receptors: an autocrine and paracrine network","volume":"5","author":"Rosen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nri724","article-title":"Epitope spreading in immune-mediated diseases: implications for immunotherapy","volume":"2","author":"Vanderlugt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00384-2","article-title":"Modulation of the IL-10\/IL-12 cytokine circuit by interferon-beta inhibits the development of epitope spreading and disease progression in murine autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"111","author":"Tuohy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neuroimmunol."}],"container-title":["Molecular Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525001616454328?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525001616454328?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]],"date-time":"2020-05-17T08:26:07Z","timestamp":1589703967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525001616454328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1525001616454328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-0016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-0016","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of Fingolimod on Neural Stem Cells: A Novel Mechanism and Broadened Application for Neural Repair","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}