{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:32:27Z","timestamp":1793367147929,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010249","name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010249","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T23:30:08Z","timestamp":1743636608000},"page":"2441-2453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["CAR-T cell therapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, advances and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Malak","family":"Khalifeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Hopewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5305-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huda","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01350-x","article-title":"Catch me if you can: how AML and its niche escape immunotherapy","volume":"36","author":"Tettamanti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-1426-1-13","article-title":"Immune evasion in acute myeloid leukemia: current concepts and future directions","volume":"1","author":"Teague","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.5045\/br.2018.53.4.294","article-title":"Overexpression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase correlates with regulatory T cell phenotype in acute myeloid leukemia patients with normal karyotype","volume":"53","author":"Arandi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31896","article-title":"The distribution of T-cell subsets and the expression of immune checkpoint receptors and ligands in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"125","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas ED, Buckner CD, Banaji M, Clift RA, Fefer A, Flournoy N, Goodell BW, Hickman RO, Lerner KG, Neiman PE. One hundred patients with acute leukemia treated by chemotherapy, total body irradiation, and Allogeneic Marrow Transplantation. 1977.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V49.4.511.511"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197502)35:2<347::AID-CNCR2820350208>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Sequential therapy for induction and maintenance of remission in acute myeloblastic leukemia","volume":"35","author":"Eppinger-Helft","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020641","article-title":"Targeted therapy development in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Totiger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3390\/hematolrep16020024","article-title":"A 2024 Update on Menin Inhibitors. A New Class of Target Agents against KMT2A-Rearranged and NPM1-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"16","author":"Candoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hematol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2012971","article-title":"Azacitidine and venetoclax in previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"383","author":"DiNardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-024-02302-y","article-title":"Venetoclax with decitabine or azacitidine in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"41","author":"Bouligny","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.214882","article-title":"Phenotype-based drug screening reveals association between venetoclax response and differentiation stage in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"105","author":"Kuusanm\u00e4ki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-19-0710","article-title":"Monocytic subclones confer resistance to venetoclax-based therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"10","author":"Pei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-22-1297","article-title":"A novel type of monocytic leukemia stem cell revealed by the clinical use of venetoclax-based therapy","volume":"13","author":"Pei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019003988","article-title":"Molecular patterns of response and treatment failure after frontline venetoclax combinations in older patients with AML","volume":"135","author":"DiNardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709919","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of CD19 CAR therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"378","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med. Overseas. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15102713","article-title":"The black hole: CAR T cell therapy in AML","volume":"15","author":"Atilla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.154","article-title":"Persistence and efficacy of second generation CAR T cell against the LeY antigen in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"21","author":"Ritchie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401903","article-title":"The interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain is a unique marker for human acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells","volume":"14","author":"Jordan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-09-529537","article-title":"Preclinical targeting of human acute myeloid leukemia and myeloablation using chimeric antigen receptor\u2013modified T cells","volume":"123","author":"Gill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-08-736041","article-title":"Optimized depletion of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in murine xenograft models of human acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"129","author":"Tasian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib21","series-title":"Cellectis Reports Clinical Hold of Ucart123 Studies","author":"Cellectis","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib22","first-page":"1359","article-title":"Treating relapsed\/refractory (RR) AML with biodegradable anti-CD123 CAR modified T cells","volume":"130","author":"Cummins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01358","article-title":"Donor-derived CD123-targeted CAR T cell serves as a RIC regimen for haploidentical transplantation in a patient with FUS-ERG+ AML","volume":"9","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-169928","article-title":"Ameli-01: a phase I trial of UCART123v1. 2, an anti-CD123 allogeneic CAR-T cell product, in adult patients with relapsed or refractory (R\/R) CD123+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML)","volume":"140","author":"Sallman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PR14","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6074.TUMIMM18-PR14","article-title":"Abstract PR14: CD123CAR displays clinical activity in relapsed\/refractory (r\/r) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN): Safety and efficacy results from a phase 1 study","volume":"8","author":"Budde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4584","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-170201","article-title":"Safety and anti-leukemic activity of CD123-CAR T cells in pediatric patients with AML: preliminary results from a phase 1 trial","volume":"140","author":"Naik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020009759","article-title":"Proof of concept for a rapidly switchable universal CAR-T platform with UniCAR-T-CD123 in relapsed\/refractory AML","volume":"137","author":"Wermke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-168877","article-title":"Phase 1 dose escalation study of the rapidly switchable universal CAR-T therapy unicar-T-CD123 in relapsed\/refractory AML","volume":"140","author":"Ehninger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2014.04.001","article-title":"The past and future of CD33 as therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"28","author":"Laszlo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4086","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1072","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cells express multiple myeloid markers: implications for the origin and targeted therapy of acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"106","author":"Taussig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.112748","article-title":"Anti-CD33 chimeric antigen receptor targeting of acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"100","author":"O\u2019Hear","year":"2015","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2014.164","article-title":"Treatment of CD33-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells in one patient with relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01232-2","article-title":"Autologous CD33-CAR-T cells for treatment of relapsed\/refractory acute myelogenous leukemia","volume":"35","author":"Tambaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4600","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-168891","article-title":"Allogeneic donor-derived myeloid antigen directed CAR-T cells-for relapsed\/refractory acute myeloid leukemia in children after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: report of three cases","volume":"140","author":"Shelikhova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-179667","article-title":"CD33 CAR T-cells (CD33CART) for children and young adults with relapsed\/refractory AML: dose-escalation results from a phase I\/II multicenter trial","volume":"142","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10313","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-169142","article-title":"Phase 1\/1b safety study of prgn-3006 ultracar-T in patients with relapsed or refractory CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia and higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"140","author":"Sallman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7450","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-170712","article-title":"Off-the-Shelf CD33 CAR-NK cell therapy for relapse\/refractory AML: first-in-human, phase I trial","volume":"140","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0726-5","article-title":"Targeting CLL-1 for acute myeloid leukemia therapy","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-017-0553-5","article-title":"CAR-T cells targeting CLL-1 as an approach to treat acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.05.024","article-title":"Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors directed to C-type lectin-like molecule 1","volume":"25","author":"Tashiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112259","article-title":"Development of a chimeric antigen receptor targeting C-type lectin-like molecule-1 for human acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"18","author":"Laborda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-140648","article-title":"Phase I clinical trial of autologous CLL1 CAR-T therapy for pediatric patients with relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"136","author":"Bu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01703-0","article-title":"Characteristics of anti-CLL1 based CAR-T therapy for children with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia: the multi-center efficacy and safety interim analysis","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9655","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5916","article-title":"Anti-CLL1-based CAR T-cells with 4-1-BB or CD28\/CD27 stimulatory domains in treating childhood refractory\/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"12","author":"Pei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01308-1","article-title":"First-in-human phase I study of CLL-1 CAR-T cells in adults with relapsed\/refractory acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"15","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib46","first-page":"615","article-title":"Successful application of PD-1 knockdown CLL-1 CAR-T therapy in two AML patients with post-transplant relapse and failure of anti-CD38 CAR-T cell treatment","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200796","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of NKG2D ligand expression and release in leukemia: implications for NKG2D-mediated NK cell responses","volume":"189","author":"Hilpert","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-18-0307","article-title":"Phase I trial of autologous CAR T cells targeting NKG2D ligands in patients with AML\/MDS and multiple myeloma","volume":"7","author":"Baumeister","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e191","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(22)00378-7","article-title":"CYAD-01, an autologous NKG2D-based CAR T-cell therapy, in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes or multiple myeloma (THINK): haematological cohorts of the dose escalation segment of a phase 1 trial","volume":"10","author":"Sallman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib50","first-page":"189","article-title":"CD38 in hematopoietic malignancies","volume":"75","author":"Konopleva","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib51","series-title":"Antibody-mediated Phagocytosis Contributes to the Anti-tumor Activity of the Therapeutic Antibody Daratumumab in Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma","first-page":"311","author":"Overdijk","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01092-4","article-title":"CD38-directed CAR-T cell therapy: a novel immunotherapy strategy for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.10.001","article-title":"CD7 CAR T cells for the therapy of acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"27","author":"Gomes-Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-022-00318-6","article-title":"CD7-directed CAR T-cell therapy: a potential immunotherapy strategy for relapsed\/refractory acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib55","article-title":"Targeted CD7 CAR T-cells for treatment of T-Lymphocyte leukemia and lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia: recent advances","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2006.06.001","article-title":"CD7 expression predicts poor disease free survival and post-remission survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and normal karyotype","volume":"31","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-022-00721-y","article-title":"Genetically modified CD7-targeting allogeneic CAR-T cell therapy with enhanced efficacy for relapsed\/refractory CD7-positive hematological malignancies: a phase I clinical study","volume":"32","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-179086","article-title":"Naturally selected CD7-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for refractory\/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia: phase I clinical trial","volume":"142","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-016-0256-3","article-title":"Anti-proliferative effects of T cells expressing a ligand-based chimeric antigen receptor against CD116 on CD34+ cells of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia","volume":"9","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2400794","article-title":"Flow cytometry measurement of GM-CSF receptors in acute leukemic blasts, and normal hemopoietic cells","volume":"11","author":"Lanza","year":"1997","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1282","article-title":"CSF-based CAR-T cells targeting CD116\/CD131 complexes exhibit enhanced anti-tumor effects against acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"10","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4813","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-149089","article-title":"A phase I\/II clinical trial of piggybac-Modified GMR CAR-T cell therapy for CD116 positive relapsed\/refractory myeloid malignancies","volume":"138","author":"Saito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-194359","article-title":"Potent and Effective Targeting of AML with \u2018Off-the-Shelf\u2019Engineered CD45-Targeting CAR T-Cells","volume":"144","author":"Shaw","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib64","article-title":"Targeting CD45 by gene-edited CAR T cells for leukemia eradication and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation preconditioning","volume":"32","author":"Stepanova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adi1145","article-title":"Epitope base editing CD45 in hematopoietic cells enables universal blood cancer immune therapy","volume":"15","author":"Wellhausen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199809057558","article-title":"Expression of the c-kit (CD117) molecule in normal and malignant hematopoiesis","volume":"30","author":"Escribano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-5134","article-title":"Regulation of hematopoietic stem cells by the steel factor\/KIT signaling pathway","volume":"14","author":"Kent","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V78.11.2962.2962","article-title":"Expression and functional role of the proto-oncogene c-kit in acute myeloblastic leukemia cells","volume":"78","author":"Ikeda","year":"1991","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2021.01.003","article-title":"Anti-CD117 immunotherapy to eliminate hematopoietic and leukemia stem cells","volume":"95","author":"Russkamp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2023.07.003","article-title":"Anti-CD117 CAR T cells incorporating a safety switch eradicate human acute myeloid leukemia and hematopoietic stem cells","volume":"30","author":"Magnani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncolytics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0818-9","article-title":"Anti-human CD117 CAR T-cells efficiently eliminate healthy and malignant CD117-expressing hematopoietic cells","volume":"34","author":"Myburgh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib72","first-page":"1830","article-title":"Siglec-6 is a novel target for CAR T-cell therapy in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"138","author":"Jetani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14051164","article-title":"Role of Biomarkers in FLT3 AML","volume":"14","author":"Nitika","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10102441","article-title":"Recent advances in the development of anti-FLT3 CAR T-cell therapies for treatment of AML","volume":"10","author":"Pedersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01541-9","article-title":"A novel approach for relapsed\/refractory FLT3mut+ acute myeloid leukaemia: synergistic effect of the combination of bispecific FLT3scFv\/NKG2D-CAR T cells and gilteritinib","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.147","article-title":"Targeting FLT3 by chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2022.281456","article-title":"Potent preclinical activity of FLT3-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy against FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia and KMT2A-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"108","author":"Niswander","year":"2023","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-018-0603-7","article-title":"Targeting FLT3 in acute myeloid leukemia using ligand-based chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9111238","article-title":"Natural Flt3Lg-based chimeric antigen receptor (Flt3-CAR) T cells successfully target Flt3 on AML cell lines","volume":"9","author":"Maiorova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0009-0","article-title":"CAR T-cells targeting FLT3 have potent activity against FLT3\u2212 ITD+ AML and act synergistically with the FLT3-inhibitor crenolanib","volume":"32","author":"Jetani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1700940","article-title":"Expression of CD44 isoforms by highly enriched CD34-positive cells in cord blood, bone marrow and leukaphereses","volume":"20","author":"Neu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3023","article-title":"CD44: can a cancer-initiating cell profit from an abundantly expressed molecule?","volume":"11","author":"Z\u00f6ller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3461","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-04-493361","article-title":"CD44v6-targeted T cells mediate potent antitumor effects against acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma","volume":"122","author":"Casucci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2009.00774.x","article-title":"Timing and tuning of CD27\u2013CD70 interactions: the impact of signal strength in setting the balance between adaptive responses and immunopathology","volume":"229","author":"Nolte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020008221","article-title":"CD70-specific CAR T cells have potent activity against acute myeloid leukemia without HSC toxicity","volume":"138","author":"Sauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4408","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.28952","article-title":"Preclinical targeting of human acute myeloid leukemia using CD4-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and NK cells","volume":"10","author":"Salman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16838-w","article-title":"Protease-activation using anti-idiotypic masks enables tumor specificity of a folate receptor 1-T cell bispecific antibody","volume":"11","author":"Geiger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990115)85:2<348::AID-CNCR12>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Folate receptor type \u03b2 is a neutrophilic lineage marker and is differentially expressed in myeloid leukemia","volume":"85","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3466","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-11-612721","article-title":"Targeting of folate receptor \u03b2 on acute myeloid leukemia blasts with chimeric antigen receptor\u2013expressing T cells","volume":"125","author":"Lynn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.08.001","article-title":"A novel anti-LILRB4 CAR-T cell for the treatment of monocytic AML","volume":"26","author":"John","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.7.2529","article-title":"Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a nonpolymorphic proteinase 3 peptide preferentially inhibit chronic myeloid leukemia colony-forming units","volume":"90","author":"Molldrem","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.7.2450.bloodjournal8872450","article-title":"Targeted T-cell therapy for human leukemia: cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a peptide derived from proteinase 3 preferentially lyse human myeloid leukemia cells","volume":"88","author":"Molldrem","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2016.05.001","article-title":"A novel TCR-like CAR with specificity for PR1\/HLA-A2 effectively targets myeloid leukemia in vitro when expressed in human adult peripheral blood and cord blood T cells","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyp194","article-title":"WT1 (Wilms' tumor gene 1): biology and cancer immunotherapy","volume":"40","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R196","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl196","article-title":"The many facets of the Wilms' tumour gene, WT1","volume":"15","author":"Hohenstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib96","first-page":"55","article-title":"The post-transcriptional roles of WT1, a multifunctional zinc-finger protein","volume":"1785","author":"Morrison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.373","article-title":"Optimized T-cell receptor-mimic chimeric antigen receptor T cells directed toward the intracellular Wilms Tumor 1 antigen","volume":"31","author":"Rafiq","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-004222","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells targeting IL-1RAP: a promising new cellular immunotherapy to treat acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"10","author":"Trad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.1988.7.275","article-title":"Human gene encoding the 78,000-dalton glucose-regulated protein and its pseudogene: structure, conservation, and regulation","volume":"7","author":"Ting","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dna"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28243-6","article-title":"CAR T cells redirected to cell surface GRP78 display robust anti-acute myeloid leukemia activity and do not target hematopoietic progenitor cells","volume":"13","author":"Hebbar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib101","first-page":"42","article-title":"Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor targeting of CD19+ acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leuk. Res. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-20-0155","article-title":"Effective killing of acute myeloid leukemia by TIM-3 targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.1034257","article-title":"Mechanisms of CAR T cell exhaustion and current counteraction strategies","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00262","article-title":"A bump in the road: how the hostile AML microenvironment affects CAR T cell therapy","volume":"10","author":"Epperly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019002779","article-title":"Bispecific and split CAR T cells targeting CD13 and TIM3 eradicate acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"135","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0010-1","article-title":"Determinants of response and resistance to CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"24","author":"Fraietta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.11847","article-title":"Cytotoxic effect of CLL-1 CAR-T cell immunotherapy with PD-1 silencing on relapsed\/refractory acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01049-y","article-title":"B7-H3 chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell shows potential for targeted treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"28","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2200626120","article-title":"Long-term persistence and functionality of adoptively transferred antigen-specific T cells with genetically ablated PD-1 expression","volume":"120","author":"D\u00f6tsch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.09.001","article-title":"Deletion of the inhibitory co-receptor CTLA-4 enhances and invigorates chimeric antigen receptor T cells","volume":"56","author":"Agarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-110579","article-title":"First-in-human CLL1-CD33 compound CAR T cell therapy induces complete remission in patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia: update on phase 1 clinical trial","volume":"132","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-110579","article-title":"First-in-human CLL1-CD33 compound CAR (cCAR) T cell therapy in relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"132","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0075-3","article-title":"Compound CAR T-cells as a double-pronged approach for treating acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"32","author":"Petrov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052_bib114","first-page":"650","article-title":"Design and production an effective bispecific tandem chimeric antigen receptor on T cells against CD123 and folate receptor \u00df towards B-acute myeloid leukaemia blasts","volume":"23","author":"Ghamari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell J."}],"container-title":["Molecular Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525001625002618?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525001625002618?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T21:09:24Z","timestamp":1759612164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525001625002618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1525001625002618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-0016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-0016","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"CAR-T cell therapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, advances and outcomes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.052","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}