{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:55:11Z","timestamp":1767182111566,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007465","name":"Universitetet i Troms\u00f8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroimage: Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T06:56:50Z","timestamp":1682492210000},"page":"100172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tracking the current in the Alzheimer's brain - Systematic differences between patients and healthy controls in the electric field induced by tDCS"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ingrid Daae","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0205-7353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Mittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nya Mehnwolo","family":"Boayue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7719-7073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Csifcs\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9299-7260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per M.","family":"Aslaksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4506","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/12\/4506","article-title":"Spatial and polarity precision of concentric high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS)","volume":"61","author":"Alam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib2","article-title":"Inter-individual and age-dependent variability in simulated electric fields induced by conventional transcranial electrical stimulation","volume":"224","author":"Antonenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2012.00481.x","article-title":"High-resolution modeling assisted design of customized and individualized transcranial direct current stimulation protocols","volume":"15","author":"Bikson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.141853","article-title":"Temporal cortex direct current stimulation enhances performance on a visual recognition memory task in Alzheimer disease","volume":"80","author":"Boggio","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.006","article-title":"Prolonged visual memory enhancement after direct current stimulation in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"5","author":"Boggio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01","article-title":"Brms: an R package for Bayesian multilevel models using stan","volume":"80","author":"B\u00fcrkner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Stat. Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-016-0180-3","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation as a memory enhancer in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","author":"Bystad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000304","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation improves cognitive function in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00157","article-title":"Value and efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in the cognitive rehabilitation: a critical review since 2000","volume":"10","author":"Cappon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00201","article-title":"Brain stimulation in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"9","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00038","article-title":"Anodal tDCS during face-name associations memory training in Alzheimer\u2019s patients","volume":"6","author":"Cotelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.02.077","article-title":"Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation for treating depression: a modeling study","volume":"234","author":"Csifcs\u00e1k","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2015.00089","article-title":"State-of-art neuroanatomical target analysis of high-definition and conventional tDCS montages used for migraine and pain control","volume":"9","author":"DaSilva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00091","article-title":"Inter-individual variation during transcranial direct current stimulation and normalization of dose using MRI-derived computational models","volume":"3","author":"Datta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.01.042","article-title":"Physiological and modeling evidence for focal transcranial electrical brain stimulation in humans: a basis for high-definition tDCS","volume":"74","author":"Edwards","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000317060.43722.a3","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation improves recognition memory in Alzheimer disease","volume":"71","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021","volume":"62","author":"Fischl","year":"2012","journal-title":"FreeSurfer. Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.2010.21.3.187","article-title":"Structural brain changes in aging: courses, causes and cognitive consequences","volume":"21","author":"Fjell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.215","article-title":"The clinical use of structural MRI in Alzheimer disease","volume":"6","author":"Frisoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"year":"2013","author":"Gelman","series-title":"Bayesian Data Analysis","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib19"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2011.00013","article-title":"Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in python","volume":"5","author":"Gorgolewski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Neuroinf."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00073-8","article-title":"Changes in memory processing with age","volume":"10","author":"Grady","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.033","article-title":"Imbalance between left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in major depression is linked to negative emotional judgment: an fMRI study in severe major depressive disorder","volume":"63","author":"Grimm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"306","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib23","article-title":"Stimulating aged brains with transcranial direct current stimulation: opportunities and challenges","volume":"30","author":"Habich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/TGR.0b013e31821e588e","article-title":"Plasticity in early Alzheimer's disease: an opportunity for intervention","volume":"27","author":"Hill","year":"2011","journal-title":"Top. Geriatr. Rehabil."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.003","article-title":"Effects of 6-month at-home transcranial direct current stimulation on cognition and cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"12","author":"Im","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00275","article-title":"A double-blind randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of cortical direct current stimulation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"6","author":"Khedr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib27","first-page":"3","article-title":"The ten-twenty electrode system of the international federation. The international federation of clinical neurophysiology","volume":"52","author":"Klem","year":"1999","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.05.032","article-title":"Electric fields of motor and frontal tDCS in a standard brain space: a computer simulation study","volume":"137","author":"Laakso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.10.087","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","volume":"128","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol. Jan"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000639","article-title":"A pilot study comparing effects of Bifrontal versus Bitemporal transcranial direct current stimulation in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer disease","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.09.013","article-title":"Computational human head models of tDCS: influence of brain atrophy on current density distribution","volume":"11","author":"Mahdavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2014.00072","article-title":"Modeling studies for designing transcranial direct current stimulation protocol in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"8","author":"Mahdavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00412-1","article-title":"Level of action of cathodal DC polarisation induced inhibition of the human motor cortex","volume":"114","author":"Nitsche","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib34","series-title":"Textbook of Neuromodulation","first-page":"101","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation: protocols and physiological mechanisms of action","author":"Nitsche","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.01.033","article-title":"Determinants of the electric field during transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"109","author":"Opitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20653","article-title":"Alzheimer's patients engage an alternative network during a memory task","volume":"58","author":"Pariente","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2014.977301","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive training in the rehabilitation of Alzheimer disease: a case study","volume":"25","author":"Penolazzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2009.01.006","article-title":"Manual MRI parcellation of the frontal lobe","volume":"172","author":"Ranta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22309","article-title":"Automated MRI parcellation of the frontal lobe","volume":"35","author":"Ranta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210378","article-title":"High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation improves delayed memory in Alzheimer's disease patients: a pilot study using computational modeling to optimize electrode position","volume":"83","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.04.022","article-title":"Tolerability and blinding of 4x1 high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) at two and three milliamps","volume":"11","author":"Reckow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"120","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.06.067","article-title":"On the importance of electrode parameters for shaping electric field patterns generated by tDCS","volume":"15","author":"Saturnino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051","article-title":"Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"year":"2016","series-title":"Rstan: R Interface to Stan (R Package","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib44"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib45","first-page":"222","article-title":"Field modeling for transcranial magnetic stimulation: a useful tool to understand the physiological effects of TMS?","volume":"2015","author":"Thielscher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib46","first-page":"3084","article-title":"Effect of aging on cortical current flow due to transcranial direct current stimulation: considerations for safety. Annu int conf IEEE","volume":"2018","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161099","article-title":"Dissociating normal aging from Alzheimer's disease: a view from cognitive neuroscience","volume":"57","author":"Toepper","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"author":"Vehtari","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib48"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt47","article-title":"Role of structural MRI in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2","author":"Vemuri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Res. Ther."}],"container-title":["Neuroimage: Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266695602300017X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266695602300017X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:15:50Z","timestamp":1763018150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S266695602300017X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S266695602300017X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-9560"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2666-9560"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tracking the current in the Alzheimer's brain - Systematic differences between patients and healthy controls in the electric field induced by tDCS","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroimage: Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100172","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100172"}}