{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T12:42:52Z","timestamp":1763728972836,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroImage: Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T18:55:49Z","timestamp":1740855349000},"page":"100246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unsupervised subtyping of motor dysfunction of Parkinson's disease and its structural brain imaging correlates"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Yu-Fan","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Ling","family":"Fuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert C.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"year":"2018","series-title":"An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis","author":"Agresti","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib1"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0582","article-title":"Voxel-based morphometry\u2014the methods","volume":"11","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.681","article-title":"Essential tremor severity and anatomical changesin brain areas controlling movement sequencing","volume":"6","author":"Benito-Le\u00f3n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70373-8","article-title":"Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and management","volume":"5","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70373-8","article-title":"Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and management","volume":"5","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib7","series-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","first-page":"785","article-title":"XGBoost: a scalable tree boosting system","author":"Chen","year":"2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib8","first-page":"1604","article-title":"Clinical subtypes of Parkinson's disease: insights from a population-based cohort","volume":"260","author":"Coelho","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib9","first-page":"100","article-title":"Subtypes of Parkinson's disease: heterogeneity in clinical expression","volume":"77","author":"De Lau","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.4377","article-title":"Prognosis and neuropathologic correlation of clinical subtypes of Parkinson disease","volume":"76","author":"De Pablo-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a009258","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: neuropathology","volume":"2","author":"Dickson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.5.2283","article-title":"Ageing and Parkinson's disease: substantia nigra regional selectivity","volume":"114","author":"Fearnley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.5.2283","article-title":"Ageing and Parkinson's disease: substantia nigra regional selectivity","volume":"114","author":"Fearnley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0738-x","article-title":"Subtypes of Parkinson's disease: what do they tell us about disease progression?","volume":"17","author":"Fereshtehnejad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-017-0170-x","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction as an early biomarker in Parkinson's disease","volume":"33","author":"Fullard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21198","article-title":"Movement disorder society- sponsored revision of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS- UPDRS): process, format, and clinimetric testing plan","volume":"22","author":"Goetz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord Off JMov Disord Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340","article-title":"Movement Disorder Society- sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS- UPDRS): scale presentation and clinimetric testing results","volume":"23","author":"Goetz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1145\/1656274.1656278","article-title":"The WEKA data mining software: an update","volume":"11","author":"Hall","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACM SIGKDD Explor Newsl"},{"year":"1975","series-title":"Clustering Algorithms","author":"Hartigan","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib20"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1717-8","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"124","author":"Heim","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Vienna Austria"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0378-8","article-title":"The pathophysiology of essential tremor and Parkinson's tremor","volume":"13","author":"Helmich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"year":"2011","series-title":"The Analysis of Covariance and Alternatives: Statistical Methods for Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Single-Case Studies","author":"Huitema","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib23"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib24","first-page":"1093","article-title":"Cerebral atrophy in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinations","volume":"19","author":"Ibarretxe-Bilbao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9730467","article-title":"The role of dopamine and its dysfunction as a consequence of oxidative stress","volume":"2016","author":"Ju\u00e1rez Olgu\u00edn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"9996","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","article-title":"Parkinson's disease","volume":"386","author":"Kalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib27","first-page":"112","article-title":"Parkinson's disease subtyping using clinical features and biomarkers: literature review and preliminary study of subtype clustering","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagn Basel Switz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60492-X","article-title":"Parkinson's disease","volume":"373","author":"Lees","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib29","article-title":"Pathophysiology of motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease as the rationale for drug treatment and rehabilitation","volume":"2016","author":"Magrinelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Park Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.644","article-title":"The Parkinson's progression markers initiative (PPMI) \u2013 establishing a PD biomarker cohort","volume":"5","author":"Marek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.3233\/IDA-2007-11602","article-title":"An overview of clustering methods","volume":"11","author":"Omran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intell. Data Anal."},{"issue":"Suppl. 7","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10579","article-title":"Correlation of dopamine transporter imaging with parkinsonian motor handicap: how close is it?","volume":"18","author":"Pirker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24996","article-title":"Identifying prodromal Parkinson's disease: pre-motor disorders in Parkinson's disease","volume":"27","author":"Postuma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib34","article-title":"Tremor-related compensation and brain activity patterns in Parkinson's disease","volume":"3","author":"Rocchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib35","article-title":"Assessing functional connectivity in the human brain: a comparison of correlation, mutual information, and coherence","volume":"252","author":"Rogers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib36","first-page":"125","article-title":"Attention to action in Parkinson's disease: impaired effective connectivity among frontal cortical regions","volume":"133","author":"Rowe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.07.005","article-title":"The cerebellum and cognition","volume":"688","author":"Schmahmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.07.005","article-title":"The cerebellum and cognition","volume":"688","author":"Schmahmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7","article-title":"A graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis","volume":"20","author":"Silhouettes","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Comput. Appl. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2020.105793","article-title":"Classification of PPMI MRI scans withvoxel- based morphometry and machine learning to assist in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"198","author":"Solana-Lavalle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Progr. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25383","article-title":"How to identify tremor dominant and postural instability\/gait difficulty groups with the movement disorder society unified Parkinson's disease rating scale:comparison with the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale","volume":"28","author":"Stebbins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.08.039","article-title":"Functional topography in the human cerebellum: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies","volume":"44","author":"Stoodley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib43","first-page":"648","article-title":"The cerebellum and motor dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"22","author":"Stoodley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib44","first-page":"648","article-title":"The cerebellum and motor dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"22","author":"Stoodley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.6233","article-title":"Parkinson disease subtypes","volume":"71","author":"Thenganatt","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib46","first-page":"5","article-title":"Parkinson's disease subtypes","volume":"343","author":"Thenganatt","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib47","series-title":"Proc 2nd Int Conf Ind Appl Eng 2015 [online]","first-page":"44","article-title":"The clustering validity with silhouette and sum of squared Errors","author":"Thinsungnoen","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib48","article-title":"Consistent decreased activity in the putamen in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis and an independent validation of resting-state fMRI","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"GigaScience [online serial]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9661","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2160-09.2009","article-title":"Voxel-based morphometry: an automated technique for assessing structural changes in the brain","volume":"29","author":"Whitwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws360","article-title":"The cerebellum in Parkinson's disease","volume":"136","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib51","first-page":"767","article-title":"GAP:Agraphicalenvironmentformatrixvisualizationand cluster analysis","volume":"54","author":"WuH-M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Stat. Data Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-016-9299-4","article-title":"DPABI: data processing & analysis for (resting- state) brain imaging","volume":"14","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"}],"container-title":["NeuroImage: Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666956025000145?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666956025000145?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T20:45:45Z","timestamp":1741985145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666956025000145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666956025000145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-9560"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2666-9560"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Unsupervised subtyping of motor dysfunction of Parkinson's disease and its structural brain imaging correlates","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroImage: Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ynirp.2025.100246","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100246"}}