{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:08:40Z","timestamp":1788869320392,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["429873205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["429873205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["444777670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["444777670"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPP 2236 AUDICTIVE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPP 2236 AUDICTIVE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroImage: Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T06:49:34Z","timestamp":1785221374000},"page":"100390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Selective spatial attention to competing speakers in azimuth and depth: Evidence from real and virtual environments"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4867-3349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Stodt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6537-0297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Neudek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9587-4215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3616-9767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edmund","family":"Wascher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6382-0183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Getzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.27.5.1072","article-title":"Bottom-up and top-down influences on auditory scene analysis: evidence from event-related brain potentials","volume":"27","author":"Alain","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.2741\/Alain","article-title":"Selectively attending to auditory objects","volume":"5","author":"Alain","year":"2000","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of individualized HRTFs in a 3D shooter game","author":"Andersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"2021 Immersive and 3D Audio: From Architecture to Automotive (I3DA)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3656353","article-title":"Auditory and visual distance estimation","volume":"12","author":"Anderson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Meet. Acoust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.02.062","article-title":"Neural generators underlying concurrent sound segregation","volume":"1387","author":"Arnott","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib6","series-title":"Audacity","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6559","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176559","article-title":"The dominance of anticipatory prefrontal activity in uncued sensory-motor tasks","volume":"22","author":"Aydin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib8","series-title":"2017 40th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP)","first-page":"334","article-title":"Perceptual feedback training for improving spatial acuity and resolving front-back confusion errors in virtual auditory environments","author":"Balan","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2885\/1\/012094","article-title":"Virtual experiments yield comparable results to physical experiments on evacuation decision-making","volume":"2885","author":"Balboa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Phys., Conf. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2041669520938400","article-title":"bmlTUX: design and control of experiments in virtual reality and beyond","volume":"11","author":"Bebko","year":"2020","journal-title":"I-Perception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib11","first-page":"904","article-title":"Direct comparison of the impact of head tracking, reverberation, and individualized head-related transfer functions on the spatial perception of a virtual speech source","volume":"49","author":"Begault","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Audio Eng. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00021","article-title":"Generic HRTFs may be good enough in virtual reality. Improving source localization through cross-modal plasticity","volume":"12","author":"Berger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-007-0073-z","article-title":"Visually-guided attention enhances target identification in a complex auditory scene","volume":"8","author":"Best","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1632484","article-title":"Separation of concurrent broadband sound sources by human listeners","volume":"115","author":"Best","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318600","article-title":"Hearing in categories and speech perception at the \u201ccocktail party.\u201d","volume":"20","author":"Bidelman","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1051\/aacus\/2020034","article-title":"Toward realistic binaural auralizations - perceptual comparison between measurement and simulation-based auralizations and the real room for a classroom scenario","volume":"5","author":"Blau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Acustica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib17","series-title":"Spatial Hearing","author":"Blauert","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib18","series-title":"Auditory Scene Analysis","author":"Bregman","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1037\/h0084255","article-title":"Auditory grouping based on fundamental frequency and formant peak frequency","volume":"44","author":"Bregman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16569","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416569","article-title":"Examining the Auditory Selective Attention Switch in a Child-Suited Virtual Reality Classroom Environment","volume":"19","author":"Breuer","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-015-0882-9","article-title":"The cocktail-party problem revisited: early processing and selection of multi-talker speech","volume":"77","author":"Bronkhorst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atten. Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1490592","article-title":"The effects of spatial separation in distance on the informational and energetic masking of a nearby speech signal","volume":"112","author":"Brungart","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib23","series-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Event-Related Potential Components","first-page":"190","article-title":"Negative slow waves as indices of anticipation: the Bereitschaftspotential, the contingent negative variation, and the stimulus-preceding negativity","author":"Brunia","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(01)00179-9","article-title":"Wait and see","volume":"43","author":"Brunia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1068\/p7153","article-title":"The role of vision in auditory distance perception","volume":"41","author":"Calcagno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.08.008","article-title":"How the brain separates sounds","volume":"8","author":"Carlyon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Cognit. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1907229","article-title":"Some experiments on the recognition of speech, with one and with two ears","volume":"25","author":"Cherry","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.15.6.6","article-title":"Effects of discrimination task difficulty on N1 and P2 components of late auditory evoked potential","volume":"15","author":"Cranford","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2156","article-title":"Listening to speech in the presence of other sounds","volume":"363","author":"Darwin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12302","article-title":"Virtual reality: a new track in psychological research","volume":"109","author":"de la Rosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1159\/000057656","article-title":"The neurophysiology of auditory perception: from single units to evoked potentials","volume":"7","author":"Eggermont","year":"2002","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurootol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2011.02.006","article-title":"Attention and cognitive control networks assessed in a dichotic listening fMRI study","volume":"76","author":"Falkenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Cognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1591768","article-title":"Effect of visually cued spatial and temporal attention on audiovisual stimuli processing: an event-related potentials study","volume":"16","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1993.tb02060.x","article-title":"Age\u2010related changes in scalp topography to novel and target stimuli","volume":"30","author":"Friedman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.018","article-title":"Focused and divided attention in a simulated cocktail-party situation: ERP evidence from younger and older adults","volume":"41","author":"Getzmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00413","article-title":"Using auditory pre-information to solve the cocktail-party problem: electrophysiological evidence for age-specific differences","volume":"8","author":"Getzmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.08.001","article-title":"Understanding of spoken language under challenging listening conditions in younger and older listeners: a combined behavioral and electrophysiological study","volume":"1415","author":"Getzmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.07.017","article-title":"The mismatch negativity as a measure of auditory stream segregation in a simulated \u201ccocktail-party\u201d scenario: effect of age","volume":"36","author":"Getzmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.11.001","article-title":"Visually guided auditory attention in a dynamic \u201ccocktail-party\u201d speech perception task: ERP evidence for age-related differences","volume":"344","author":"Getzmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2007.01.015","article-title":"Fronto-parietal networks activation during the contingent negative variation period","volume":"73","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01673-6","article-title":"Neuronal substrates of sensory gating within the human brain","volume":"53","author":"Grunwald","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0037846","article-title":"Subjective and objective validation of a virtual reality system as a tool for studying speech intelligibility in architectural spaces","volume":"157","author":"Guastamacchia","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-019-05642-8","article-title":"Virtually the same? How impaired sensory information in virtual reality may disrupt vision for action","volume":"237","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3436","DOI":"10.1121\/1.424670","article-title":"Speech intelligibility and localization in a multi-source environment","volume":"105","author":"Hawley","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1162\/0899766054322964","article-title":"The cocktail party problem","volume":"17","author":"Haykin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4108.177","article-title":"Electrical signs of selective attention in the human brain","volume":"182","author":"Hillyard","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000945","article-title":"The virtual reality lab: realization and application of virtual sound environments","volume":"41","author":"Hohmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4380","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2904825","article-title":"Spatial release from energetic and informational masking in a divided speech identification task","volume":"123","author":"Ihlefeld","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib51","series-title":"Theory of Probability","author":"Jeffreys","year":"1961"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/17576","article-title":"Usability of individualized head-related transfer functions in virtual reality: empirical study with perceptual attributes in sagittal plane sound localization","volume":"8","author":"Jenny","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2024.108210","article-title":"Comparing spatial navigation in a virtual environment vs. an identical real environment across the adult lifespan","volume":"157","author":"Kalantari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89297-y","article-title":"Comparing physiological responses during cognitive tests in virtual environments vs. in identical real-world environments","volume":"11","author":"Kalantari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476572","article-title":"Bayes factors","volume":"90","author":"Kass","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib56","article-title":"Modelling auditory attention","volume":"372","author":"Kaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000944","article-title":"The quest for ecological validity in hearing science: what it is, why it matters, and how to advance it","volume":"41","author":"Keidser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1953167","article-title":"Combining energetic and informational masking for speech identification","volume":"118","author":"Kidd","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18289-8","article-title":"Orientation in virtual reality does not fully measure up to the real-world","volume":"7","author":"Kimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-015-1015-1","article-title":"Auditory distance perception in humans: a review of cues, development, neuronal bases, and effects of sensory loss","volume":"78","author":"Kolarik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atten. Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2016.02.022","article-title":"The contingent negative variation (CNV): timing isn't everything","volume":"8","author":"Kononowicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00263","article-title":"The ups and downs of temporal orienting: a review of auditory temporal orienting studies and a model associating the heterogeneous findings on the auditory N1 with opposite effects of attention and prediction","volume":"7","author":"Lange","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0039251","article-title":"Reverberation cues underlying virtual auditory distance perception for a frontal source","volume":"158","author":"Lavandier","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.24.2.9","article-title":"Comparing eye\u2013hand coordination between controllermediated virtual reality, and a real-world object interaction task","volume":"24","author":"Lavoie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12692","article-title":"Brain correlates of the orientation of auditory spatial attention onto speaker location in a \u201ccocktail-party\u201d situation","volume":"53","author":"Lewald","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.06.025","article-title":"Electrophysiological correlates of cocktail-party listening","volume":"292","author":"Lewald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00765","article-title":"Estimating the timing of cognitive operations with MEG\/EEG latency measures: a primer, a brief tutorial, and an implementation of various methods","volume":"12","author":"Liesefeld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib68","series-title":"2024 IEEE Conference Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)","first-page":"690","article-title":"An empirical evaluation of the calibration of auditory distance perception under different levels of virtual environment visibilities","author":"Lin","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib69","series-title":"2025 19th International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering (CME)","first-page":"326","article-title":"Spatial coherence modulates the interaction between attention and multisensory integration: a study of event-related potentials","author":"Liu","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2024.110519","article-title":"Comparison of perceived auditory distance between real and virtual sound sources","volume":"231","author":"Lombera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00213","article-title":"ERPLAB: an open-source toolbox for the analysis of event-related potentials","volume":"8","author":"Lopez-Calderon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-025-02752-w","article-title":"A novel reaction time assessment in virtual reality: advantages over computerized tests","volume":"57","author":"Loushy Kay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3758\/APP.72.2.454","article-title":"3-D localization of virtual sound sources: effects of visual environment, pointing method, and training","volume":"72","author":"Majdak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atten. Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s43163-026-01045-z","article-title":"Auditory spatial assessment in real and virtual environments: a scoping review of current evidence and future directions","volume":"42","author":"Mali","year":"2026","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84196-8","article-title":"The impact of multisensory integration and perceptual load in virtual reality settings on performance, workload and presence","volume":"11","author":"Marucci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib76","article-title":"Perceptually robust headphone equalization for binaural reproduction","author":"Masiero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. AES Conv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200303030-00002","article-title":"The right supratemporal plane hears the distance of objects: neuromagnetic correlates of virtual reality","author":"Mathiak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(68)90172-7","article-title":"The effects of attention and distraction on the contingent negative variation in normal and neurotic subjects","volume":"25","author":"McCallum","year":"1968","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17899","article-title":"Virtual reality explored","volume":"533","author":"Minderer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-682X(92)90046-U","article-title":"Fundamentals of binaural technology","volume":"36","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"1992","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib81","series-title":"2023 15th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (Qomex)","first-page":"276","article-title":"A comparison of gender differences and performance metrics in a VR-based auditory selective task","author":"Moraes","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194775","article-title":"Hearing speech against spatially separate competing speech versus competing noise","volume":"64","author":"Noble","year":"2002","journal-title":"Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00311.x","article-title":"The N1 wave of the human electric and magnetic response to sound: a review and an analysis of the component structure","volume":"24","author":"N\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4nen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib84","first-page":"702","article-title":"Experiments on localization accuracy with non-individual and individual HRTFs comparing static and dynamic reproduction methods","volume":"2020","author":"Oberem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the DAGA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-024-03008-w","article-title":"The impact of virtual reality and distractors on attentional processes: insights from EEG","volume":"476","author":"Pappalettera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch. Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2015.12.014","article-title":"Interaction between auditory and visual perceptions on distance estimations in a virtual environment","volume":"105","author":"Paquier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00269","article-title":"Reaching nearby sources: comparison between real and virtual sound and visual targets","volume":"8","author":"Parseihian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00660","article-title":"Virtual reality for enhanced ecological validity and experimental control in the clinical, affective and social neurosciences","volume":"9","author":"Parsons","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(79)90049-8","article-title":"The terminal CNV and stimulus discriminability in motor and sensory tasks","volume":"8","author":"Perdok","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib90","article-title":"Localization of auditory sources spatialized in virtual environments","volume":"25","author":"Piceda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Musica Hodie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020802307404","article-title":"Use of supportive context by younger and older adult listeners: balancing bottom-up and top-down information processing","volume":"47","author":"Pichora-Fuller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(74)90156-4","article-title":"Human auditory evoked potentials. II: effects of attention","volume":"36","author":"Picton","year":"1974","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.05.026","article-title":"ICLabel: an automated electroencephalographic independent component classifier, dataset, and website","volume":"198","author":"Pion-Tonachini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2004.03.006","article-title":"An ERP index of task relevance evaluation of visual stimuli","volume":"56","author":"Potts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Cognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2011.0019","article-title":"The restless brain","volume":"1","author":"Raichle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Connect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2024.1470382","article-title":"Speech-in-noise testing in virtual reality","volume":"5","author":"Ram\u00edrez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Virtual Real"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.85.2.59","article-title":"A theory of memory retrieval","volume":"85","author":"Ratcliff","year":"1978","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.01.007","article-title":"Diffusion decision model: current issues and history","volume":"20","author":"Ratcliff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cognit. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2025.3549855","article-title":"Impact of visual virtual scene and localization task on auditory distance perception in virtual reality","volume":"31","author":"Ro\u00dfkopf","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-015-0274-4","article-title":"An experimental study of spatial sound usefulness in searching and navigating through AR environments","volume":"19","author":"Rumi\u0144ski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virtual Real."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0023393","article-title":"The effect of angular disparity between sound source sequences on the perceptual organization of auditory objects","volume":"154","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2806174","article-title":"Perceiving the speech of multiple concurrent talkers in a combined divided and selective attention task","volume":"122","author":"Shafiro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03198830","article-title":"The influence of vision on the absolute identification of sound-source position","volume":"28","author":"Shelton","year":"1980","journal-title":"Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2024.108968","article-title":"Comparing auditory distance perception in real and virtual environments and the role of the loudness cue: a study based on event-related potentials","volume":"444","author":"Stodt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70141","article-title":"Age\u2010related differences in neural correlates of auditory spatial change detection in real and virtual environments","volume":"61","author":"Stodt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1854312","article-title":"Integration and segregation in auditory scene analysis","volume":"117","author":"Sussman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_JSLHR-H-17-0041","article-title":"Auditory scene analysis: an attention perspective","volume":"60","author":"Sussman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929054475172","article-title":"Selective attention and multisensory integration: multiple phases of effects on the evoked brain activity","volume":"17","author":"Talsma","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cognit. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1126\/science.164.3877.331","article-title":"Attention reduction and suppressed direct-current potentials in the human brain","volume":"164","author":"Tecce","year":"1969","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929054985383","article-title":"Effects of spatial congruity on audio-visual multimodal integration","volume":"17","author":"Teder-S\u00e4lej\u00e4rvi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cognit. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2022.896251","article-title":"Naturalistic neuroscience and virtual reality","volume":"16","author":"Thurley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(98)00037-3","article-title":"Effects of distracting stimuli on CNV amplitude and reaction time","volume":"31","author":"Travis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib115","article-title":"Sound localization in noisy contexts: performance, metacognitive evaluations and head movements","volume":"9","author":"Valzolgher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/203380a0","article-title":"Contingent negative variation: an electric sign of sensori-motor association and expectancy in the human brain","volume":"203","author":"Walter","year":"1964","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl080","article-title":"Brain mechanisms mediating auditory attentional capture in humans","volume":"17","author":"Watkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cerebr. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1121\/1.407089","article-title":"Localization using nonindividualized head\u2010related transfer functions","volume":"94","author":"Wenzel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.03.028","article-title":"Identification of attention and cognitive control networks in a parametric auditory fMRI study","volume":"48","author":"Westerhausen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00761","article-title":"Acoustic detail guides attention allocation in a selective listening task","volume":"27","author":"W\u00f6stmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cognit. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1458027","article-title":"Assessing auditory distance perception using virtual acoustics","volume":"111","author":"Zahorik","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib123","first-page":"409","article-title":"Auditory distance perception in humans: a summary of past and present research","volume":"91","author":"Zahorik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Acust. United Ac"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/82931","article-title":"Loudness constancy with varying sound source distance","volume":"4","author":"Zahorik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2019.01.009","article-title":"Auditory spatial attention modulates the unmasking effect of perceptual separation in a \u201ccocktail party\u201d environment","volume":"124","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.3390\/app7050532","article-title":"Surround by sound: a review of spatial audio recording and reproduction","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00374","article-title":"Aging effect on audiovisual integrative processing in spatial discrimination task","volume":"9","author":"Zou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."}],"container-title":["NeuroImage: Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666956026000735?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666956026000735?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:21:13Z","timestamp":1788866473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666956026000735"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666956026000735"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-9560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-9560","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Selective spatial attention to competing speakers in azimuth and depth: Evidence from real and virtual environments","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroImage: Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ynirp.2026.100390","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100390"}}