{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:20:25Z","timestamp":1791285625668,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012665","name":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000226","name":"Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research Doctoral Research Award"},{"name":"Department of Family & Community Medicine at St. Michael's Hospital and at the University of Toronto"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Preventive Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,12]],"date-time":"2015-11-12T21:59:14Z","timestamp":1447365554000},"page":"28-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Absolute and relative densities of fast-food versus other restaurants in relation to weight status: Does restaurant mix matter?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Jane Y.","family":"Polsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahim","family":"Moineddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard H.","family":"Glazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian L.","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.05.005","article-title":"More neighborhood retail associated with lower obesity among New York City public high school students","volume":"23","author":"Bader","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0195","first-page":"9","article-title":"Canadian community health survey\u2014methodological overview","volume":"13","author":"Beland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Rep.\/Stat. Can."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00459.x","article-title":"Association between eating out of home and body weight","volume":"70","author":"Bezerra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2007.00001.x","article-title":"Neighborhoods and obesity","volume":"66","author":"Black","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2009.12.007","article-title":"G.E. neighborhoods and obesity in New York City","volume":"16","author":"Black","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0085","article-title":"A Proposal to Separate Fast Food and Schools","author":"Buckley","year":"2009","journal-title":"N.Y. Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1464","article-title":"Associations between exposure to takeaway food outlets, takeaway food consumption, and body weight in Cambridgeshire, UK: population based, cross sectional study","volume":"348","author":"Burgoine","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2012.05.006","article-title":"The local food environment and diet: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Caspi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0080","series-title":"Zoning to Encourage Healthy Eating","article-title":"Public Health Law Program","author":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0145","article-title":"Measuring the food environment using geographical information systems: a methodological review","volume":"1\u201313","author":"Charreire","year":"2010","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.11.023","article-title":"Should we use absolute or relative measures when assessing foodscape exposure in relation to fruit and vegetable intake? Evidence from a wide-scale Canadian study","volume":"71","author":"Clary","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0220","first-page":"71","article-title":"The feasibility of establishing correction factors to adjust self-reported estimates of obesity","volume":"19","author":"Connor Gorber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Rep.\/Stat. Can."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/17477160802113225","article-title":"Neighbourhood fast food outlets and obesity in children and adults: the CLAN study","volume":"3","author":"Crawford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0040","series-title":"Table\u00a010\u2014Food Away from Home as a Share of Food Expenditures","article-title":"U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food Expenditures","author":"Economic Research Service (ERS)","year":"2014"},{"issue":"7106","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7106.477","article-title":"An \u201cecological\u201d approach to the obesity pandemic","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2010.00715.x","article-title":"A systematic review of fast food access studies","volume":"12","author":"Fleischhacker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obes Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.06.009","article-title":"Validity of secondary retail food outlet data: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Fleischhacker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7052290","article-title":"The geography of fast food outlets: a review","volume":"7","author":"Fraser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473711104030146","article-title":"Is fast food addictive?","volume":"4","author":"Garber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Abuse Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0005","author":"GBD"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085295","article-title":"Density, destinations or both? A comparison of measures of walkability in relation to transportation behaviors, obesity and diabetes in Toronto, Canada","volume":"9","author":"Glazier","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-012-0435-0","article-title":"Objectively measured walkability and active transport and weight-related outcomes in adults: a systematic review","volume":"58","author":"Grasser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12098","article-title":"A food policy package for healthy diets and the prevention of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases: the NOURISHING framework","volume":"14","author":"Hawkes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12031","article-title":"Nutritional challenges and health implications of takeaway and fast food","volume":"71","author":"Jaworowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-3-2","article-title":"Are fast food restaurants an environmental risk factor for obesity?","volume":"3","author":"Jeffery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1086\/380286","article-title":"The influence of assortment structure on perceived variety and consumption quantities","volume":"30","author":"Kahn","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Consum. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2003.10.004","article-title":"Eating out in America, 1987\u20132000: trends and nutritional correlates","volume":"38","author":"Kant","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041418","article-title":"Association between activity space exposure to food establishments and individual risk of overweight","volume":"7","author":"Kestens","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00953.x","article-title":"Eating out of home and its association with dietary intake: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"13","author":"Lachat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq292","article-title":"Validation of 3 food outlet databases: completeness and geospatial accuracy in rural and urban food environments","volume":"172","author":"Liese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"9859","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8","article-title":"A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-201535","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable purchasing and the relative density of healthy and unhealthy food stores: evidence from an Australian multilevel study","volume":"67","author":"Mason","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"issue":"Suppl.2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403823","article-title":"Development of the Canadian Marginalization Index: a new tool for the study of inequality","volume":"103","author":"Matheson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.09.031","article-title":"Weight status and restaurant availability a multilevel analysis","volume":"34","author":"Mehta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898001200273X","article-title":"Associations between residential food environment and dietary patterns in urban-dwelling older adults: results from the VoisiNuAge study","volume":"15","author":"Mercille","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.13805","article-title":"The state of US health, 1990\u20132010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors","volume":"310","author":"Murray","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2011.627095","article-title":"Association of out-of-home eating with anthropometric changes: a systematic review of prospective studies","volume":"54","author":"Nago","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4278\/ajhp.100120-QUAN-21","article-title":"Improving data accuracy of commercial food outlet databases","volume":"26","author":"Ohri-Vachaspati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Promot."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28648","article-title":"Interactive effects of reward sensitivity and residential fast-food restaurant exposure on fast-food consumption","volume":"91","author":"Paquet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181cdf439","article-title":"Sense of mastery and metabolic risk: moderating role of the local fast-food environment","volume":"72","author":"Paquet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2008.04.003","article-title":"A national study of the association between neighbourhood access to fast-food outlets and the diet and weight of local residents","volume":"15","author":"Pearce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e369","DOI":"10.17269\/cjph.105.4541","article-title":"Foodscapes of southern Ontario: neighbourhood deprivation and access to healthy and unhealthy food retail","volume":"105","author":"Polsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789X.2003.00117.x","article-title":"Fast foods, energy density and obesity: a possible mechanistic link","volume":"4","author":"Prentice","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015327","article-title":"Internal and external moderators of the effect of variety on food intake","volume":"135","author":"Remick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"9985","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61744-X","article-title":"Patchy progress on obesity prevention: emerging examples, entrenched barriers, and new thinking","volume":"385","author":"Roberto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-192","article-title":"Relation between local food environments and obesity among adults","volume":"9","author":"Spence","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090926","article-title":"Creating healthy food and eating environments: policy and environmental approaches","volume":"29","author":"Story","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.03.004","article-title":"Diet and obesity in Los Angeles County 2007\u20132012: is there a measurable effect of the 2008 \u201cfast-food ban\u201d?","volume":"133","author":"Sturm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"9793","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60813-1","article-title":"The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments","volume":"378","author":"Swinburn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-6-28","article-title":"Fast food purchasing and access to fast food restaurants: a multilevel analysis of VicLANES","volume":"6","author":"Thornton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2009.08.004","article-title":"Validity of a competing food choice construct regarding fruit and vegetable consumption among urban college freshmen","volume":"42","author":"Yeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Educ. Behav."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.08.032","article-title":"Running to the store? The relationship between neighborhood environments and the risk of obesity","volume":"69","author":"Zick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."}],"container-title":["Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091743515003357?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091743515003357?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:47:32Z","timestamp":1653526052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091743515003357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0091743515003357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-7435"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-7435","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Absolute and relative densities of fast-food versus other restaurants in relation to weight status: Does restaurant mix matter?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Preventive Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}