{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T04:54:27Z","timestamp":1775192067885,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580860800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":310,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012-WG-BX-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012-WG-BX-0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Preventive Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]],"date-time":"2019-01-31T19:41:02Z","timestamp":1548963662000},"page":"1-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dangerous weapons or dangerous people? The temporal associations between gun violence and mental health"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5128-6868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff R.","family":"Temple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb9510","first-page":"1","article-title":"The association between serious mental health problems and violence: some common assumptions and misconceptions","author":"Ahonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30622-6","article-title":"Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D","volume":"10","author":"Andresen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.10.979","article-title":"Mental disorders and violence in a total birth cohort: results from the Dunedin Study","volume":"57","author":"Arseneault","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/ijhrba.20428","article-title":"Impulsivity: a predisposition toward risky behaviors","volume":"3","author":"Bakhshani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. High Risk Behav. Addict."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199910000-00011","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): a replication study","volume":"38","author":"Birmaher","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.123.2.123","article-title":"The prediction of criminal and violent recidivism among mentally disordered offenders: a meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Bonta","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20327","article-title":"Could mindfulness decrease anger, hostility, and aggression by decreasing rumination?","volume":"36","author":"Borders","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aggress. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0035","series-title":"Teen Conflict Survey","author":"Bosworth","year":"1995"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.143099","article-title":"Investigating the link between gun possession and gun assault","volume":"99","author":"Branas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.9.1712","article-title":"Insight and its relationship to violent behavior in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"161","author":"Buckley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181775a2a","article-title":"Mental disorder and threats made by noninstitutionalized people with weapons in the national comorbidity survey replication","volume":"196","author":"Casiano","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050492","article-title":"Borderline personality features in childhood: a short-term longitudinal study","volume":"17","author":"Crick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.128.3.280","article-title":"The SCL-90 and the MMPI: a step in the validation of a new self-report scale","volume":"128","author":"Derogatis","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(02)00116-7","article-title":"The assessment of anger and hostility: a critical review","volume":"9","author":"Eckhardt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000054421.36880.6E","article-title":"A survey of gun collection and use among three groups of veteran patients admitted to veterans affairs hospital treatment programs","volume":"96","author":"Freeman","year":"2003","journal-title":"South. Med. J."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp068229","article-title":"Violence and mental illness\u2014how strong is the link?","volume":"355","author":"Friedman","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304436","article-title":"Priorities in recovering from a lost generation of firearms research","volume":"108","author":"Galea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.688","article-title":"Dangerous people or dangerous weapons: access to firearms for persons with mental illness","volume":"305","author":"Gostin","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0095","first-page":"861","article-title":"Oppositional defiant disorder","volume":"78","author":"Hamilton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0100","series-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0","author":"IBM Corporation","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.65.3.197.20174","article-title":"Insight and personal narratives of illness in schizophrenia","volume":"65","author":"Lysaker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13010014","article-title":"Effects of news media messages about mass shootings on attitudes toward persons with serious mental illness and public support for gun control policies","volume":"170","author":"McGinty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301557","article-title":"News media framing of serious mental illness and gun violence in the United States, 1997\u20132012","volume":"104","author":"McGinty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.12.1988","article-title":"Rates of household firearm ownership and homicide across US regions and states, 1988\u20131997","volume":"92","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0125","article-title":"Death: final data for 2015","volume":"66","author":"Murphy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Natl. Vital Stat. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.10.001","article-title":"Anger, hostility, and male perpetrators of intimate partner violence: a meta-analytic review","volume":"25","author":"Norlander","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1185\/135525703125002360","article-title":"The primary care PTSD screen (PC-PTSD): development and operating characteristics","volume":"9","author":"Prins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prim. Care Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301409","article-title":"The relationship between gun ownership and firearm homicide rates in the United States, 1981\u20132010","volume":"103","author":"Siegel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303701","article-title":"Firearm-related laws in all 50 US states, 1991\u20132016","volume":"107","author":"Siegel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1525\/sp.2005.52.1.62","article-title":"Mental disorder and violence: an examination of stressful life events and impaired social support","volume":"52","author":"Silver","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc. Probl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0155","series-title":"Anger, Hostility, and the Heart","first-page":"23","article-title":"Concepts and methods in the study of anger, hostility, and health","author":"Smith","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0160","series-title":"Violence and Mental Disorder","first-page":"101","article-title":"Mental disorder, substance abuse, and community violence: an epidemiological approach","author":"Swanson","year":"1994"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1260","article-title":"Mental illness and firearm violence","volume":"306","author":"Swanson","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.41.7.761","article-title":"Violence and psychiatric disorder in the community: evidence from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area surveys","volume":"41","author":"Swanson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.5.490","article-title":"A national study of violent behavior in persons with schizophrenia","volume":"63","author":"Swanson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2014.03.004","article-title":"Mental illness and reduction of gun violence and suicide: bringing epidemiologic research to policy","volume":"25","author":"Swanson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb9500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9877-1","article-title":"Substance use as a longitudinal predictor of the perpetration of teen dating violence","volume":"42","author":"Temple","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Youth Adol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-011-0356-x","article-title":"Mental disorder and violence: is there a relationship beyond substance use?","volume":"47","author":"Van Dorn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2009.00607.x","article-title":"The anatomy of anger: an integrative cognitive model of trait anger and reactive aggression","volume":"78","author":"Wilkowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pers."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018962","article-title":"How does cognitive control reduce anger and aggression? The role of conflict monitoring and forgiveness processes","volume":"98","author":"Wilkowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008_bb9505","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deaths: final data for 2016","volume":"67","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Natl. Vital Stat. Rep."}],"container-title":["Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091743519300143?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091743519300143?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T10:02:05Z","timestamp":1758794525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091743519300143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0091743519300143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-7435"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-7435","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dangerous weapons or dangerous people? The temporal associations between gun violence and mental health","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Preventive Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.01.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}