{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:54:29Z","timestamp":1789401269948,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM103644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103644"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD075669"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD075669"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DA007242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DA007242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Preventive Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T19:03:52Z","timestamp":1646334232000},"page":"107012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Efficacy of Adding Financial Incentives to Best practices for Smoking Cessation Among pregnant and Newly postpartum Women"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler D.","family":"Nighbor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison N.","family":"Kurti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah H.","family":"Heil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric P.","family":"Slade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald S.","family":"Shepard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Ellen","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harley K.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Markesich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Rippberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan M.","family":"Skelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"DeSarno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Bunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie B.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Roemhildt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhonda K.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre M.","family":"O'Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira M.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0005","author":"Ages & Stages Questionnaires\u00ae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0010","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-3325","article-title":"Maternal smoking before and during pregnancy and the risk of sudden unexpected death","volume":"143","author":"Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0020","series-title":"Clinical trials: Issues and approaches","first-page":"99","article-title":"Exclusions, losses to follow-up, and withdrawals in clinical trials","author":"Armitage","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0025","series-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts184","article-title":"Impact of smoking exposure change on infant weight among a cohort of women in a prenatal smoking-cessation study","volume":"153","author":"Benjamin-Garner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0035","first-page":"S18","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): Implications for benefits and risks in the promotion of the combusted tobacco endgame","volume":"61","author":"Benowitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0040","article-title":"Financial incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy: multicentre randomized controlled trial","volume":"375","author":"Berlin","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)80006-3","article-title":"Differential growth of fetal tissues in the second half of gestation","volume":"176","author":"Bernstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.11.014","article-title":"Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: A systematic review","volume":"191","author":"Biaggi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.1969","article-title":"Contingency management for patients receiving medication for opioid use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Bolivar","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0060","series-title":"Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs \u2014 2014","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0066","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)21845-6","article-title":"Effects of methadone on human cigarette smoking and subjective ratings","volume":"229","author":"Chait","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0075","first-page":"CD001055","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy","volume":"2","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S125","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200410001669187","article-title":"The epidemiology of smoking during pregnancy: Smoking prevalence, maternal characteristics, and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"6","author":"Cnattingius","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0085","first-page":"CD010078","article-title":"Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy","volume":"12","author":"Coleman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0740-7","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of maternal smoking prior to and during pregnancy in a regional Danish population: a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"De Wolff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.8.694","article-title":"Effects of smoking reduction during pregnancy on birth weight of term infants","volume":"154","author":"England","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17062034","volume":"17","author":"Gould","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90298-4","article-title":"Estimation of fetal weight with the use of head, body, and femur measurements a prospective study","volume":"151","author":"Hadlock","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02237.x","article-title":"Effects of voucher-based incentives on abstinence from cigarette smoking and fetal growth among pregnant women","volume":"103","author":"Heil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-016-0092-0","article-title":"Some recent developments on financial incentives for smoking cessation among pregnant and newly postpartum women","volume":"3","author":"Higgins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Addict. Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.9.1043","article-title":"Community reinforcement therapy for cocaine-dependent outpatients","volume":"60","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200412331324910","article-title":"A pilot study on voucher-based incentives to promote abstinence from cigarette smoking during pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"6","author":"Higgins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.15.1.58","article-title":"Biochemical verification of smoking status in pregnant and recently postpartum women","volume":"15","author":"Higgins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0140","article-title":"Educational disadvantage and cigarette smoking during pregnancy","volume":"104","author":"Higgins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03073.x","article-title":"Effects of smoking cessation with voucher-based contingency management on birth outcomes","volume":"105","author":"Higgins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntq031","article-title":"Effects of cigarette smoking cessation on breastfeeding duration","volume":"12","author":"Higgins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2011.12.016","article-title":"Financial incentives for smoking cessation among pregnant and newly postpartum women","volume":"55","author":"Higgins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.03.024","article-title":"Examining two different schedules of financial incentives for smoking cessation among pregnant women","volume":"68","author":"Higgins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106238","article-title":"Decreasing smoking during pregnancy: Potential economic benefit of reducing sudden unexpected infant death","volume":"140","author":"Higgins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800030107013","article-title":"Signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal","volume":"43","author":"Hughes","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9890","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60993-9","article-title":"Mortality risk in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants in low-income and middle-income countries: a pooled country analysis","volume":"382","author":"Katz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.12.009","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction: postnatal monitoring and outcomes","volume":"66","author":"Kesavan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.07.030","article-title":"Tobacco and nicotine product delivery use in a national sample of pregnant women","volume":"104","author":"Kurti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106201","article-title":"Smartphone-based financial incentives to promote smoking cessation during pregnancy: A pilot study","volume":"140","author":"Kurti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002717","article-title":"Small for gestational age and risk of childhood mortality: A Swedish population study","volume":"15","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0205","first-page":"CD001055","article-title":"Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy","volume":"3","author":"Lumley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.08.002","article-title":"Tobacco smoking and breastfeeding: effect on the lactation process, breast mild composition and infant development. A critical review","volume":"151","author":"Napierala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0215","author":"National Jewish Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0220","author":"National Partnership for Smoke Free Families"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0225","first-page":"CD004307","article-title":"Incentives for smoking cessation","volume":"7","author":"Notley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0230","author":"SAS: PROC GENMOD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0235","author":"SAS: PROC MIXED"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107079","article-title":"(submitted). Cost-effectiveness of financial incentives for smoking cessation during pregnancy and postpartum","author":"Shepard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-016-4410-y","article-title":"Unstuck in time: Episodic future thinking reduces delay discounting and cigarette smoking","volume":"233","author":"Stein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-041217-011106","article-title":"Postpartum depression: pathophysiology, treatment, and emerging therapeutics","volume":"70","author":"Stewart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0255","article-title":"Cessation in pregnancy trial team","volume":"350","author":"Tappin","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0260","series-title":"Smoking Cessation. A Report of the Surgeon General; Chapter 4, The Health Benefits on Smoking, subsection Reproductive Health, pp 320-401","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0265","author":"Vermont Vital Statistics Annual Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0270","series-title":"Regression Methods in Biostatistics","author":"Vittinghoff","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3119","article-title":"Incentive-based Intervention to Maintain Breastfeeding Among Low-income Puerto Rican Mothers","volume":"139","author":"Washio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0267-y","article-title":"Reducing fetal origins of childhood obesity through maternal smoking cessation during pregnancy: an intervention study","volume":"43","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."}],"container-title":["Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091743522000603?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091743522000603?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T10:17:05Z","timestamp":1758795425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091743522000603"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0091743522000603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-7435"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-7435","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Efficacy of Adding Financial Incentives to Best practices for Smoking Cessation Among pregnant and Newly postpartum Women","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Preventive Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107012"}}