{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:11:33Z","timestamp":1784067093791,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005217","name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CE003434-01-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CE003434-01-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Preventive Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T14:12:56Z","timestamp":1750601576000},"page":"108332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Firearm violence victimization among youth and young adults: A socio-ecological analysis of risk and protective factors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"Bruce G.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Lancaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Mumford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie","family":"Sheridan-Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandler C.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly J.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1891\/VV-D-19-00085","article-title":"The youth firearm risk and safety tool (youth-first): psychometrics and validation of a gun attitudes and violence exposure assessment tool","volume":"35","author":"Beseler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0010","unstructured":"Bronfenbrenner, U. The ecology of human development. Harvard University Press. Accessed February 9, 2025. https:\/\/www.hup.harvard.edu\/books\/9780674224575."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1177\/00027162231173324","article-title":"Social and structural determinants of community firearm violence and community trauma","volume":"704","author":"Buggs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Acad. Pol. Soc. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2008.02.005","article-title":"Carrying weapons to school for protection: an analysis of the 2001 school crime supplement data","volume":"36","author":"Cao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Crim. Just."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2021.1913741","article-title":"ADDRESSING KEY GAPS IN EXISTING LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH AND ESTABLISHING A PATHWAY FORWARD FOR FIREARM VIOLENCE PREVENTION RESEARCH","volume":"50","author":"Carter","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh309","article-title":"Guns in the home and risk of a violent death in the home: findings from a National Study","volume":"160","author":"Dahlberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.3934\/publichealth.2024064","article-title":"A scoping review of the trauma recovery center model for underserved victims of violent crime","volume":"11","author":"Dekker","year":"2024","journal-title":"AIMS Public Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e778","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0597","article-title":"Adolescent violence perpetration: associations with multiple types of adverse childhood experiences","volume":"125","author":"Duke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finkelhor D, Hamby SL, Ormrod R, Turner H. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire: Reliability, validity, and national norms. Child Abuse Negl.. 4AD;29(4):383\u2013412. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.11.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.11.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941241256635","article-title":"Using the socio-ecological model to understand increased risk of gun violence in the African American community","volume":"128","author":"Gillum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2201761","article-title":"Current causes of death in children and adolescents in the United States","volume":"386","author":"Goldstick","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.05.011","article-title":"Measuring perceived mistreatment across diverse social groups: an evaluation of the everyday discrimination scale","volume":"232","author":"Harnois","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct. Equ. Model. Multidiscip. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0075","author":"Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions"},{"issue":"10030","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01026-0","article-title":"Firearm legislation and firearm mortality in the USA: a cross-sectional, state-level study","volume":"387","author":"Kalesan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153516","article-title":"County poverty concentration and disparities in unintentional injury deaths: a fourteen-year analysis of 1.6 million U.S. fatalities","volume":"11","author":"Karb","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-2251","article-title":"Fatal and nonfatal firearm injury rates by race and ethnicity in the United States, 2019 to 2020","volume":"177","author":"Kaufman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1891\/VV-D-19-00090","article-title":"The association between adolescent gun ownership and gun carrying and adulthood violence and victimization","volume":"36","author":"Kelsay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002978","article-title":"Social determinants of health in relation to firearm-related homicides in the United States: a nationwide multilevel cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-010-9508-7","article-title":"Violent victimization and perpetration during adolescence: developmental stage dependent ecological models","volume":"39","author":"Matjasko","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.09.024","article-title":"State-level homicide victimization rates in the US in relation to survey measures of household firearm ownership, 2001\u20132003","volume":"64","author":"Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.7.657","article-title":"Neighborhood predictors of concealed firearm carrying among children and adolescents: results from the project on human development in Chicago neighborhoods","volume":"158","author":"Molnar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005833","article-title":"Defining the full spectrum of pediatric firearm injury and death in the United States: it is even worse than we think","volume":"278","author":"Naik-Mathuria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.300063","article-title":"Trauma in the neighborhood: a geospatial analysis and assessment of social determinants of major injury in North America","volume":"101","author":"Newgard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.01.056","article-title":"Tragic, but not random: the social contagion of nonfatal gunshot injuries","volume":"125","author":"Papachristos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0135","first-page":"22","article-title":"The demographics of gun ownership","author":"Parker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pew Research Center."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115620","article-title":"The associations of everyday and major discrimination exposure with violence and poor mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"318","author":"Raj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0145","first-page":"1","article-title":"Victim\u2013offender overlap","volume":"1","author":"Reingle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Encyclopedia Theor. Criminol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.23008","article-title":"Ecological promotive and protective factors deterring gun carriage for young adults living in communities with high rates of community violence","volume":"51","author":"Ross","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Community Psychol."},{"issue":"5328","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5328.918","article-title":"Neighborhoods and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy","volume":"277","author":"Sampson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-006-9014-y","article-title":"Self-control, victimization, and their influence on risky lifestyles: a longitudinal analysis using panel data","volume":"22","author":"Schreck","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Quant. Criminol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01485-2","article-title":"Measuring structural racism and its association with racial disparities in firearm homicide","volume":"10","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0170","series-title":"Biosocial Theories of Crime","article-title":"A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking","author":"Steinberg","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2010.00196.x","article-title":"Race, code of the street, and violent delinquency: a multilevel investigation of neighborhood street culture and individual norms of violence","volume":"48","author":"Stewart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Criminology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.02.001","article-title":"Importance of gender and attitudes about violence in the relationship between exposure to interparental violence and the perpetration of teen dating violence","volume":"37","author":"Temple","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0185","series-title":"Rochester Youth Development Study Phase 1 Data, 1988-1992 [Rochester, New York]","author":"Thornberry","year":"2016"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.03.021","article-title":"Community distress predicts youth gun violence","volume":"54","author":"Tracy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"issue":"6, Supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2022.08.015","article-title":"Exposure to violence and victimization: reflections on 25 years of research from the National Longitudinal Study of adolescent to adult health","volume":"71","author":"Turanovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021853600645","article-title":"Direct and indirect effects of childhood adversity on depressive symptoms in young adults","volume":"32","author":"Turner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2011-040290","article-title":"Legal status and source of offenders\u2019 firearms in states with the least stringent criteria for gun ownership","volume":"19","author":"Vittes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510383022","article-title":"Individual-level risk factors for gun victimization in a sample of probationers","volume":"26","author":"Wells","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122535","article-title":"The epidemiology of firearm violence in the twenty-first century United States","volume":"36","author":"Wintemute","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122535","article-title":"The epidemiology of firearm violence in the twenty-first century United States","volume":"36","author":"Wintemute","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260516651090","article-title":"The cycle of violence revisited: childhood victimization, resilience, and future violence","volume":"34","author":"Wright","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.2116","article-title":"State gun law environment and youth gun carrying in the United States","volume":"169","author":"Xuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2023.07.028","article-title":"Gun carrying among US adolescents: the mutual impact of violence experiences, safety concerns, and substance use behaviors","volume":"223","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204020939645","article-title":"Much to do about trauma: a systematic review of existing trauma-informed treatments on youth violence and recidivism","volume":"19","author":"Zettler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Youth Violence Juvenile Justice"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122410386688","article-title":"Neighborhood context and the gender gap in adolescent violent crime","volume":"75","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. Sociol. Rev."}],"container-title":["Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S009174352500115X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S009174352500115X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T16:14:20Z","timestamp":1751386460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S009174352500115X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S009174352500115X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-7435"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-7435","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Firearm violence victimization among youth and young adults: A socio-ecological analysis of risk and protective factors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Preventive Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2025.108332","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108332"}}