{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:13:56Z","timestamp":1777504436123,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]],"date-time":"2022-10-23T09:34:04Z","timestamp":1666517644000},"page":"105281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Absence of phototoxicity\/photoirritation potential of bergamottin determined In Vitro using OECD TG 432"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Magalie","family":"Cluzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00eblle","family":"Hais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0377-7339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaia","family":"Irizar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Lenouvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Frank","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Penichot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Sauvage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Vey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14101","article-title":"Erythema action spectrum of topical 8-methoxypsoralen-sensitized skin re-evaluated: implications for routine clinical practice","volume":"174","author":"Al-Ismail","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1992.tb04274.x","article-title":"The photobiological activity of 5-geranoxypsoralen and its photoproducts","volume":"55","author":"Ashwood-Smith","year":"1992","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-1811(94)90093-0","article-title":"Effects of a new psoralen, 5-geranoxypsoralen, plus UVA radiation on murine ATPase positive Langerhans cells","volume":"7","author":"Aubin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(85)90074-0","article-title":"Relationship between lesions photoinduced by mono- and bi-functional furocoumarins in DNA and genotoxic effects in diploid yeast","volume":"151","author":"Averbeck","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(90)85092-B","article-title":"Repair of furocoumarin-plus-UVA-induced damage and mutagenic consequences in eukaryotic cells","volume":"6","author":"Averbeck","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2013.11.007","article-title":"Standardized UV-vis spectra as the foundation for a threshold-based, integrated photosafety evaluation","volume":"68","author":"Bauer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2021.105017","article-title":"A cross-industry survey on photosafety evaluation of pharmaceuticals after implementation of ICH S10","volume":"125","author":"Bauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib8","series-title":"Advances in Radiation Biology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-035411-5.50009-5","article-title":"The photochemistry and photobiology of furocoumarins (psoralens)","author":"Ben-Hur","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib9","first-page":"78","article-title":"Photodynamic and photo-cross-linking potential of bergamottin","volume":"60","author":"Bode","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13263","article-title":"Psoralen derivatives with enhanced potency","volume":"96","author":"Buhimschi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2012.06.001","article-title":"The 3T3 neutral red uptake phototoxicity test: practical experience and implications for phototoxicity testing--the report of an ECVAM-EFPIA workshop","volume":"63","author":"Ceridono","year":"2012","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.54.070185.005443","article-title":"Psoralens as photoactive probes of nucleic acid structure and function: organic chemistry, photochemistry, and biochemistry","volume":"54","author":"Cimino","year":"1985","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(91)80082-S","article-title":"Photosensitizing action of furocoumarins on membrane components and consequent intracellular events","volume":"8","author":"Dall'acqua","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., B"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5242","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25225242","article-title":"Tracing the photoaddition of pharmaceutical psoralens to DNA","volume":"25","author":"Diekmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(90)85160-X","article-title":"Phototoxic properties of perfumes containing bergamot oil on human skin: photoprotective effect of UVA and UVB sunscreens","volume":"7","author":"Dubertret","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2006.04.015","article-title":"Clastogenicity, photo-clastogenicity or pseudo-photo-clastogenicity: genotoxic effects of zinc oxide in the dark, in pre-irradiated or simultaneously irradiated Chinese hamster ovary cells","volume":"607","author":"Dufour","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib17","first-page":"4282","article-title":"International conference on harmonisation; S10 photosafety evaluation of pharmaceuticals; guidance for industry; availability. Notice","volume":"80","author":"Food & Drug Administration","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fed. Regist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(76)80294-5","article-title":"Phototoxicity and photocarcinogenesis: comparative effects of anthracene and 8-methoxypsoralen in the skin of mice","volume":"14","author":"Forbes","year":"1976","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(77)80264-2","article-title":"Phototoxicity testing of fragrance raw materials","volume":"15","author":"Forbes","year":"1977","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib20","first-page":"47","article-title":"Mechanisms of photosensitization by furocoumarins","volume":"66","author":"Grossweiner","year":"1984","journal-title":"Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04187.x","article-title":"Kinetics and dose-response of photosensitivity in cream psoralen plus ultraviolet A photochemotherapy: comparative in vivo studies after topical application of three standard preparations","volume":"144","author":"Grundmann-Kollmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12479249","article-title":"Current status of mammalian and human models for predicting drug photosensitivity","volume":"77","author":"Harber","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12391828","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of epidermal melanogenesis in C3H\/Tif hr\/hr mice treated with topical furocoumarins and UVA radiation","volume":"103","author":"Kinley","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2005.08.002","article-title":"Molecular aspects of furocoumarin reactions: photophysics, photochemistry, photobiology, and structural analysis","volume":"6","author":"Kitamura","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7992(95)90050-0","article-title":"Genotoxic potential of psoralen cross-links versus monoadducts in normal human lymphoblasts","volume":"346","author":"Laquerbe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2007.04.012","article-title":"The EpiSkin phototoxicity assay (EPA): development of an in vitro tiered strategy using 17 reference chemicals to predict phototoxic potency","volume":"21","author":"Lelievre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.10.017","article-title":"Application of the concept of relative photomutagenic potencies to selected furocoumarins in V79 cells","volume":"24","author":"Lohr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2010.10.010","article-title":"Considerations on photochemical genotoxicity. II: report of the 2009 international workshop on genotoxicity testing working group","volume":"723","author":"Lynch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06073.x","article-title":"The optimal time to determine the minimal phototoxic dose in skin photosensitized by topical 8 methoxypsoralen","volume":"151","author":"Man","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib30","first-page":"695","article-title":"Perfume phototoxicity","volume":"21","author":"Marzulli","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.11.023","article-title":"Major furocoumarins in grapefruit juice II: phototoxicity, photogenotoxicity, and inhibitory potency vs. cytochrome P450 3A4 activity","volume":"50","author":"Messer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1991.tb08461.x","article-title":"Photoreactivity of 5-geranoxypsoralen and lack of photoreaction with DNA","volume":"53","author":"Morliere","year":"1991","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib33","first-page":"1213","article-title":"[Photodynamic activity of natural coumarin derivatives]","volume":"36","author":"Musajo","year":"1954","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Chiim. biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00412492","article-title":"A study of the phototoxicity of lemon oil","volume":"278","author":"Naganuma","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib35","first-page":"1406","article-title":"Phototoxicity of new psoralen-containing gels and creams versus bath PUVA","volume":"88","author":"Nimkulrat","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Assoc. Thai."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib36","series-title":"Test No. 432: in Vitro 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test","author":"Oecd","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1959.85","article-title":"Bioassay of natural and synthetic furocoumarins (psoralens)","volume":"32","author":"Pathak","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1177\/026119290203000405","article-title":"In vitro phototoxicity testing: development and validation of a new concentration response analysis software and biostatistical analyses related to the use of various prediction models","volume":"30","author":"Peters","year":"2002","journal-title":"Altern Lab Anim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(91)80001-X","article-title":"Mechanisms of photodynamic effects of furocoumarins","volume":"9","author":"Potapenko","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.03.014","article-title":"Application of the equivalency factor concept to the phototoxicity and -genotoxicity of furocoumarin mixtures","volume":"68","author":"Raquet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib41","series-title":"Use of Alternative Test Methods in a Tiered Testing Approach to Address Photoirritation Potential of Fragrance Materials","author":"Ritacco","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01900766","article-title":"A comparison between the photoreactivity of some furocoumarins with native DNA and their skin-photosensitizing activity","volume":"25","author":"Rodighiero","year":"1969","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(81)90109-9","article-title":"[Comparison of photomutagenic activities of 5-mop (bergapten) and 8-mop (xanthotoxin) in chlamydomonas reinhardii (author's transl)]","volume":"89","author":"Schimmer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(76)90012-9","article-title":"Molecular and genetic basis of furocoumarin reactions","volume":"39","author":"Scott","year":"1976","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-2333(94)90069-8","article-title":"EEC\/COLIPA project on in vitro phototoxicity testing: first results obtained with a Balb\/c 3T3 cell phototoxicity assay","volume":"8","author":"Spielmann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(98)00006-X","article-title":"The international EU\/COLIPA in vitro phototoxicity validation study: results of phase II (blind trial). Part 1: the 3T3 NRU phototoxicity test","volume":"12","author":"Spielmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.6.4.431","article-title":"Drug-induced photoallergic and phototoxic reactions","volume":"6","author":"Stein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expet Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(90)85159-T","article-title":"Phototumorigenesis studies of 5-methoxypsoralen in bergamot oil: evaluation and modification of risk of human use in an albino mouse skin model","volume":"7","author":"Young","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1977.tb07149.x","article-title":"A study of oil of bergamot and its importance as a phototoxic agent. I. Characterization and quantification of the photoactive component","volume":"96","author":"Zaynoun","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0273230022001684?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0273230022001684?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T12:35:30Z","timestamp":1759494930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0273230022001684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0273230022001684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-2300","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Absence of phototoxicity\/photoirritation potential of bergamottin determined In Vitro using OECD TG 432","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105281","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105281"}}