{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:38:38Z","timestamp":1789443518732,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T02:10:45Z","timestamp":1696471845000},"page":"105499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Non-animal approaches for photoallergenicity safety assessment: Needs and perspectives for the toxicology for the 21st century"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6795-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato Ivan","family":"de \u00c1vila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Aleksic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Pendlington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marize Campos","family":"Valadares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12926","article-title":"Photoaggravated allergic contact dermatitis and transient photosensitivity caused by methylisothiazolinone","volume":"78","author":"Aerts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13119","article-title":"Prevalence of contact allergy in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Alinaghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib3","series-title":"Guia para avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de seguran\u00e7a de produtos cosm\u00e9ticos","first-page":"74","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib4","article-title":"The RIFM approach to evaluating natural complex substances (NCS)","volume":"159","author":"Api","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.11.014","article-title":"Criteria for the research institute for fragrance materials, inc. (RIFM) safety evaluation process for fragrance ingredients","volume":"82","author":"Api","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2005.10.012","article-title":"Development of an in vitro skin sensitization test using human cell lines: the human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT): I. Optimization of the h-CLAT protocol","volume":"20","author":"Ashikaga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-019-00271-4","article-title":"Photoallergic contact dermatitis","volume":"8","author":"A\u015fk\u0131n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Dermatol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2021.104936","article-title":"Next generation risk assessment for skin sensitisation: a case study with propyl paraben","volume":"123","author":"Assaf Vandecasteele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(85)90131-6","article-title":"Photochemical binding of photoallergens to human serum albumin: a simple in vitro method for screening potential photoallergens","volume":"24","author":"Barratt","year":"1985","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1021\/ci980204n","article-title":"Validation and subsequent development of the Derek skin sensitization rulebase by analysis of the BgVV list of contact allergens","volume":"39","author":"Barratt","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(00)00100-7","article-title":"Development of an expert system rulebase for the prospective identification of photoallergens","volume":"58","author":"Barratt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/15569520902938032","article-title":"The human repeated insult patch test in the 21st century: a commentary","volume":"28","author":"Basketter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000003","article-title":"Categorization of chemicals according to their relative human skin sensitizing potency","volume":"25","author":"Basketter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics9020038","article-title":"Skin sensitization testing: the ascendancy of non-animal methods","volume":"9","author":"Basketter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2012.05.013","article-title":"Putting the parts together: combining in vitro methods to test for skin sensitizing potentials","volume":"63","author":"Bauch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.01053.x","article-title":"Photopatch testing: a consensus methodology for Europe","volume":"18","author":"Bruynzeel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07458.x","article-title":"Photopatch testing of 1155 patients: results of the U.K. multicentre photopatch study group","volume":"155","author":"Bryden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib18","first-page":"359","article-title":"Ready for regulatory use: NAMs and NGRA for chemical safety assurance","volume":"39","author":"Carmichael","year":"2022","journal-title":"ALTEX - Alternatives Animal Experimentation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib19","series-title":"Notice (No. 136, 2017) on Listing of Two Testing Methods into STSC (2015 Version)","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.04.005","article-title":"Use of IL-18 production in a human keratinocyte cell line to discriminate contact sensitizers from irritants and low molecular weight respiratory allergens","volume":"23","author":"Corsini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2015.02.012","article-title":"Genes specifically modulated in sensitized skins allow the detection of sensitizers in a reconstructed human skin model. Development of the SENS-IS assay","volume":"29","author":"Cottrez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib22","article-title":"Definition of sensitizer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Federal Hazardous Substances Act. 16"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib23","article-title":"Listing of \u201cstrong sensitizer\u201d substances","volume":"16","year":"2017","journal-title":"Federal Hazardous Sunstances Act"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib24","series-title":"The Cosmetics Supervision and Administration Regulation","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2016.04.007","article-title":"Toxicity evaluation of the photoprotective compound LQFM048: Eye irritation, skin toxicity and genotoxic endpoints","volume":"376","author":"de \u00c1vila","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2017.04.001","article-title":"In vitro assessment of skin sensitization, photosensitization and phototoxicity potential of commercial glyphosate-containing formulations","volume":"45","author":"de \u00c1vila","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2019.104445","article-title":"The 21st Century movement within the area of skin sensitization assessment: from the animal context towards current human-relevant in vitro solutions","volume":"108","author":"de \u00c1vila","year":"2019","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/0261192919856806","article-title":"Brazil moves toward the replacement of animal experimentation","volume":"47","author":"de \u00c1vila","year":"2019","journal-title":"Altern. Lab. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comtox.2018.06.001","article-title":"Principles underpinning the use of new methodologies in the risk assessment of cosmetic ingredients","volume":"7","author":"Dent","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1021\/tx050217c","article-title":"The role of Keap1 in cellular protective responses","volume":"18","author":"Dinkova-Kostova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib30","series-title":"7a: Endpoint Specific Guidance","first-page":"610","author":"ECHA","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib31","series-title":"Guidance to Regulation (EC) No 1272\/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) of Substances and Mixtures","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2010.03.009","article-title":"Performance of a novel keratinocyte-based reporter cell line to screen skin sensitizers in vitro","volume":"245","author":"Emter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(83)70016-2","article-title":"Phototoxicity and photoallergy in man","volume":"8","author":"Epstein","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib34","series-title":"Official Journal of the European Union of 25 November 2013 on Guidelines on Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1223\/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Cosmetic Products Having Regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union","first-page":"82","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib35","series-title":"Commission Directive 2009\/130\/EC of 12 October 2009. Amending Council Directive 76\/768\/EEC, Concerning Cosmetic Products, for the Purpose of Adapting Annex III Thereto to Technical Progress","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib36","first-page":"14","volume":"L255","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-016-1842-4","article-title":"State of the art in non-animal approaches for skin sensitization testing: from individual test methods towards testing strategies","volume":"90","author":"Ezendam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3348","article-title":"What determines skin sensitization potency: myths, maybes and realities. The 500 molecular weight cut-off: an updated analysis","volume":"37","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib39","series-title":"Hazard Assessment of Photoallergens Using GARD\u2122skin. The 2021 World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences","author":"Forreryd","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2014.06.001","article-title":"Development of a prediction method for skin sensitization using novel cysteine and lysine derivatives","volume":"70","author":"Fujita","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2013.06.008","article-title":"NCTC 2544 and IL-18 production: a tool for the in vitro identification of photoallergens","volume":"28","author":"Galbiati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000008","article-title":"Retrospective study of PhotoPatch testing in a Chinese population during a 7-year period","volume":"25","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2020.104755","article-title":"Read-across can increase confidence in the Next Generation Risk Assessment for skin sensitisation: a case study with resorcinol","volume":"117","author":"Gautier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(90)90110-9","article-title":"A predictive mouse ear-swelling model for investigating topical photoallergy","volume":"28","author":"Gerberick","year":"1990","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfh213","article-title":"Development of a peptide reactivity assay for screening contact allergens","volume":"81","author":"Gerberick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm064","article-title":"Quantification of chemical peptide reactivity for screening contact allergens: a classification tree model approach","volume":"97","author":"Gerberick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2020.104721","article-title":"Development of a next generation risk assessment framework for the evaluation of skin sensitisation of cosmetic ingredients","volume":"116","author":"Gilmour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105159","article-title":"Next generation risk assessment for skin allergy: decision making using new approach methodologies","volume":"131","author":"Gilmour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12037","article-title":"Photopatch testing: recommendations for a European photopatch test baseline series","volume":"68","author":"Gon\u00e7alo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib49","first-page":"33","article-title":"Evaluation of the global performance of eight in silico skin sensitization models using human data","volume":"38","author":"Golden","year":"2021","journal-title":"ALTEX"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2004.00092.x","article-title":"Photoallergic contact dermatitis","volume":"20","author":"Goossens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98247-7","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of sensitizing potency using a dose-response adaptation of GARDskin","volume":"11","author":"Gradin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0b013e31827edc8b","article-title":"Allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis: a 10-year experience","volume":"24","author":"Greenspoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib137","first-page":"117","article-title":"A new method for the assessment of phototoxic and photoallergic potentials by topical applications in the Albino Guinea pig","volume":"4","author":"Guillot","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Toxicol.: Cutaneous Ocular Toxicol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1967.01610060040005","article-title":"Contact photosensitivity patterns to halogenated salicylanilides: In man and guinea pigs","volume":"96","author":"Harber","year":"1967","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib53","series-title":"S10: Photosafety Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01004","article-title":"Nrf2 involvement in chemical-induced skin innate immunity","volume":"10","author":"Helou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.06.002","article-title":"Evaluation of photoallergic potential of chemicals using THP-1 cells","volume":"52","author":"Hino","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2019.08.010","article-title":"Feeling the burn: phototoxicity and photoallergy","volume":"38","author":"Hinton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib57","first-page":"233","volume":"29","author":"Honari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photoallergy. Rev. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12541692","article-title":"The induction of photocontact sensitivity in guinea pigs without Uvb radiation","volume":"67","author":"Horio","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.03.010","article-title":"Development of an in vitro photosensitization assay using human monocyte-derived cells","volume":"23","author":"Hoya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib59","series-title":"Mexico Becomes First Country in North America to Outlaw Animal Testing for Cosmetics","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib60","series-title":"S10 Photosafety Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals, Guidance for Industry","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfz108","article-title":"Validation of the GARD\u2122skin assay for assessment of chemical skin sensitizers: ring trial results of predictive performance and reproducibility","volume":"170","author":"Johansson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12521211","article-title":"Photoallergic contact dermatitis in guinea pigs: Improved induction technique using Freund\u2019s complete adjuvant","volume":"76","author":"Ichikawa","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-399","article-title":"A genomic biomarker signature can predict skin sensitizers using a cell-based in vitro alternative to animal tests","volume":"12","author":"Johansson","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04155.x","article-title":"The guinea pig as a model for predicting photoallergic contact dermatitis","volume":"8","author":"Jordan Jr","year":"1982","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1980.tb05590.x","article-title":"Photomaximization test for identifying photoallergic contact sensitizers","volume":"6","author":"Kaidbey","year":"1980","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015221","article-title":"A novel in vitro method for the detection and characterization of photosensitizers","volume":"5","author":"Karschuk","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200802100327","article-title":"Photo allergic contact dermatitis: the 15-year experience of a tertiary reference center in a sunny mediterranean city","volume":"21","author":"Katsarou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2010.00494.x","article-title":"Photoallergic contact dermatitis","volume":"26","author":"Kerr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05389.x","article-title":"Updating the maximization test for identifying contact allergens","volume":"1","author":"Kligman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12581584","article-title":"Assay of contact photosensitivity to musk ambrette in guinea pigs","volume":"73","author":"Kochever","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.00795.x","article-title":"Metabolism versus chemical transformation or pro- versus prehaptens?","volume":"54","author":"Lepoittevin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib69","series-title":"Derek Nexus v.6.1.1, Derek Knowledge Editor 2.0","author":"Lhasa","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/026119290503301s14","article-title":"UV-Induced effects","volume":"33","author":"Liebsch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Altern. Lab. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib71","series-title":"GARD\u00aeskin Dose-Response for Photosensitization: Assessment of Reference Photoirritants and Photoallergens","author":"Lindberg","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1177\/026119290002800506","article-title":"Evaluation of mechanistic in vitro tests for the discrimination of photoallergic and photoirritant potential","volume":"28","author":"Lovell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Altern. Lab. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.1988.tb00027.x","article-title":"Photoallergic potential in the guinea-pig of the nitromusk perfume ingredients musk ambrette, musk moskene, musk xylene, musk ketone, and musk tibetene","volume":"10","author":"Lovell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3643","article-title":"New approach to predict photoallergic potentials of chemicals based on murine local lymph node assay","volume":"38","author":"Maeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12500044","article-title":"Experimental photoallergic contact dermatitis: A mouse model","volume":"79","author":"Maguire","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/15376510701857320","article-title":"In silico tools for sharing data and knowledge on toxicity and metabolism: Derek for windows, meteor, and vitic","volume":"18","author":"Marchant","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2013.06.013","article-title":"Establishment of an in vitro photoassay using THP-1 cells and IL-8 to discriminate photoirritants from photoallergens","volume":"27","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib75","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1983.01650330028009","article-title":"Mechanisms of contact photosensitivity in Mice: III. Predictive testing of chemicals with photoallergenic potential in mice","volume":"119","author":"Miyachi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/026119291604400513","article-title":"Nrf2 activation as a key event triggered by skin sensitisers: the development of the stable KeratinoSens reporter gene assay","volume":"44","author":"Natsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Altern. Lab. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2004.11.014","article-title":"Evaluation of phototoxic and photoallergic potentials of 13 compounds by different in vitro and in vivo methods","volume":"79","author":"Neumann","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.05.029","article-title":"Non-animal photosafety screening for complex cosmetic ingredients with photochemical and photobiochemical assessment tools","volume":"72","author":"Nishida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105245","article-title":"In chemico sequential testing strategy for assessing the photoallegic potential","volume":"77","author":"Nishida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib80","series-title":"Provisions on the Management of Cosmetic New Ingredient Registration and Notification Dossiers","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib81","series-title":"Testing in the 21st century: a vision and a strategy","isbn-type":"print","first-page":"216","year":"2007","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9780309134125"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2023.153613","article-title":"PhotoSENSIL-18 assay development: enhancing the safety testing of cosmetic raw materials and finished products to support the in vitro photosensitization assessment?","volume":"495","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib83","series-title":"Test No. 101: UV-VIS Absorption Spectra","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib84","series-title":"The Adverse Outcome Pathway for Skin Sensitisation Initiated by Covalent Binding to Proteins","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib85","series-title":"Vi tro 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test","article-title":"Test No. 432","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib86","series-title":"Test No. 495: ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) Assay for Photoreactivity","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib87","series-title":"Series on Testing and Assessment No. 336: Supporting Document to the Guideline (GL) on Defined Approaches (DAs) for Skin Sensitisation-Annex 2","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib88","series-title":"Test No. 442D: in Vitro Skin Sensitisation","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib89","series-title":"Guideline No. 497: Defined Approaches on Skin Sensitisation","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib90","series-title":"Test No. 442C: in Chemico Skin Sensitisation","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib91","series-title":"Test No. 442E: in Vitro Skin Sensitisation","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib92","series-title":"Test No. 498: in Vitro Phototoxicity \u2013 Reconstructed Human Epidermis Phototoxicity Test Method","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.41.129","article-title":"Development of an in vitro photosensitization test based on changes of cell-surface thiols and amines as biomarkers: the photo-SH\/NH\u2082 test","volume":"41","author":"Oeda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2016.03.003","article-title":"Comparative study on prediction performance of photosafety testing tools on photoallergens","volume":"33","author":"Onoue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2013.10.003","article-title":"Non-animal photosafety assessment approaches for cosmetics based on the photochemical and photobiochemical properties","volume":"27","author":"Onoue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1159\/000515470","article-title":"Assessment of skin photoallergy risk in cosmetics containing herbal extract ingredients","volume":"34","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib97","first-page":"373","article-title":"Comparison of in chemico skin sensitization methods and development of an in chemico skin photosensitization assay","volume":"36","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"ALTEX"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2016.08.007","article-title":"Can currently available non-animal methods detect pre and pro-haptens relevant for skin sensitization?","volume":"82","author":"Patlewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-2333(90)90069-6","article-title":"Photochemical binding of photoallergens to human serum albumin: a simple in vitro method for screening potential photoallergens","volume":"4","author":"Pendlington","year":"1990","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01374.x","article-title":"Photopatch tests: an Italian multicentre study from 2004 to 2006","volume":"59","author":"Pigatto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2015.03.009","article-title":"The Myeloid U937 Skin Sensitization Test (U-SENS) addresses the activation of dendritic cell event in the adverse outcome pathway for skin sensitization","volume":"29","author":"Piroird","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2021.105075","article-title":"A hypothetical skin sensitisation next generation risk assessment for coumarin in cosmetic products","volume":"127","author":"Reynolds","year":"2021","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105219","article-title":"Decision making in next generation risk assessment for skin allergy: using historical clinical experience to benchmark risk","author":"Reynolds","year":"2022","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comtox.2018.10.004","article-title":"Probabilistic prediction of human skin sensitiser potency for use in next generation risk assessment","volume":"9","author":"Reynolds","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2021.105098","article-title":"Use of alternative test methods in a tiered testing approach to address photoirritation potential of fragrance materials","volume":"129","author":"Ritacco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2016.07.007","article-title":"Chemical applicability domain of the Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) for skin sensitization potency. Part 1. Underlying physical organic chemistry principles and the extent to which they are represented in the LLNA validation dataset","volume":"80","author":"Roberts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2006.00212.x","article-title":"Causal agents of photoallergic contact dermatitis diagnosed in the national institute of dermatology of Colombia","volume":"22","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2336\/nishinihonhifu.42.831","article-title":"Development of contact photosensitization test in guinea pigs (Adjuvant-strip method)","volume":"42","author":"Sato","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nishi Nihon Hifuka"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1950.01530180100027","article-title":"Photosensitization induced by monoglycerol paraaminobenzoate; a case report","volume":"62","author":"Satulsky","year":"1950","journal-title":"AMA Arch. Derm. Syphilol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2008.08049","article-title":"Photopatch testing of 182 patients: a 6-year experience at the mayo clinic","volume":"20","author":"Scalf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib110","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib111","series-title":"Memorandum on Use of Human Data in Risk Assessment of Skin Sensitisation, 12th Plenary Meeting on 15 December 2015","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib112","series-title":"The SCCS Notes of Guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and Their Safety Evaluation 11th Revision","first-page":"30","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.9b00338","article-title":"Computational investigation of drug phototoxicity: photosafety assessment, photo-toxophore identification, and machine learning","volume":"32","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib125","article-title":"Experimentelle Untersuchunger Zur Frage Der Photoallergic Der Sulfonamide","volume":"114","author":"Schwarz","year":"1957","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.6.4.431","article-title":"Drug-induced photoallergic and phototoxic reactions","volume":"6","author":"Stein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expet Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3281","article-title":"Integrated decision strategies for skin sensitization hazard","volume":"36","author":"Strickland","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.655771","article-title":"In silico prediction of skin sensitization: quo vadis?","volume":"12","author":"Ta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr237","article-title":"An in vitro test to screen skin sensitizers using a stable THP-1\u2013derived IL-8 reporter cell line, THP-G8","volume":"124","author":"Takahashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10857.x","article-title":"A European multicentre photopatch test study","volume":"166","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(99)00071-7","article-title":"Immune responses to photohaptens: implications for the mechanisms of photosensitivity to exogenous agents","volume":"23","author":"Tokura","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/cia2.12017","article-title":"Drug photoallergy","volume":"1","author":"Tokura","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cutan Immunol. Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3234","article-title":"Development of novel in vitro photosafety assays focused on the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway","volume":"36","author":"Tsujita-Inoue","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(97)00156-X","article-title":"A modified murine local lymph node assay for the differentiation of contact photoallergy from phototoxicity by analysis of cytokine expression in skin-draining lymph node cells","volume":"125","author":"Ulrich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib124","article-title":"A guinea pig assay of the photosensitizing potential of topical germicide","volume":"17","author":"Vinson","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Soc. Cosmetic Chemists"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib131","first-page":"57","article-title":"Detection of photoreactivity demonstrated in a modified local lymph node assay in mice","volume":"10","author":"Vohr","year":"1994","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2017.08.015","article-title":"Prediction of skin sensitization potency sub-categories using peptide reactivity data","volume":"45","author":"Wareing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"}],"container-title":["Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0273230023001678?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0273230023001678?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T12:35:43Z","timestamp":1759494943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0273230023001678"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":139,"alternative-id":["S0273230023001678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-2300","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Non-animal approaches for photoallergenicity safety assessment: Needs and perspectives for the toxicology for the 21st century","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105499","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105499"}}