{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:19:50Z","timestamp":1788797990465,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T12:36:15Z","timestamp":1697114175000},"page":"105517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["New supporting data to guide the use of evident toxicity in acute oral toxicity studies (OECD TG 420)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5589-9453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona","family":"Sewell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Ragan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Horgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Manou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris P.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Rowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara G.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Corvaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agresti A., Gottard A., (2005). Comment: randomized confidence intervals and the Mid-P approach. Statist. Sci. 20 (4): 367-371doi: 10.1214\/088342305000000403.https:\/\/projecteuclid.org\/journals\/statistical-science\/volume-20\/issue-4\/Comment-Randomized-Confidence-Intervals-and-the-Mid-P-Approach\/10.1214\/088342305000000403.full.","DOI":"10.1214\/088342305000000403"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623310388430","article-title":"Unexpected nasal chanches in rats related to reflux after gavage dosing","volume":"39","author":"Damsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623310388431","article-title":"Gavage-related reflux in rats: identification, pathogenesis and toxicological implications","volume":"39","author":"Damsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib4","series-title":"Toxicologic Pathology","article-title":"Respiratory system","author":"Lewis","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib5","author":"United Nation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib6","unstructured":"OECD, 1987. Test Guideline 401: Acute Oral Toxicity - Lethal Dose 50 Method. Deleted 2002. https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/env\/ehs\/testing\/45122762.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib7","series-title":"Guidance Document 33: Harmonized Integrated Hazard Classification System for Human Health and Environmental Effects of Chemical Substances and Mixtures","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib8","series-title":"Guidance Document 26: Revised Analysis of Responses Received from Member Countries to the Questionnaire on Data Requirements for Acute Oral Toxicity | OECD Series on Testing and Assessment | OECD iLibrary (oecd-ilibrary. org)","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib9","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib10","series-title":"OECD Series on Testing and Assessment","article-title":"Guidance document 24: guidance document on acute oral toxicity testing","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib11","series-title":"Test Guideline 420: Acute Oral Toxicity \u2013 Fixed Dose Procedure","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib12","series-title":"Test Guideline 423: Acute Oral Toxicity \u2013 Acute Toxic Class Method","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib24","unstructured":"OECD, 2018. Test Guideline 433: Acute Inhalation Toxicity \u2013. Fixed Concentration Procedure. Adopted 25 June 2018. https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/docserver\/9789264284166-en.pdf?expires=1698053280&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=A6038A723E894A8062165FB298F55A87."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib16","unstructured":"OECD, 2022. Test Guideline 425: Acute Oral Toxicity \u2013 Up-And-Down Procedure. Adopted 16 October 2008. Corrected 30 June 2022. https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/docserver\/9789264071049-en.pdf?expires=1698053488&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=49C51429ECC8077FE0462A2A5C1AB2D8."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.10.018","article-title":"A global initiative to refine acute inhalation studies through the use of 'evident toxicity' as an endpoint: towards adoption of the fixed concentration procedure","volume":"73","author":"Sewell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2018.01.001","article-title":"An evaluation of the Fixed Concentration Procedure for assessment of acute inhalation toxicity","volume":"94","author":"Sewell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1177\/096032718700600405","article-title":"Evaluation of the BTS approach to the testing of substances and preparations for their acute toxicity","volume":"6","author":"Van den Heuvel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hum. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(90)90117-6","article-title":"The international validation of a fixed-doseprocedure as an alternative to the classical LD50 test","volume":"28","author":"Van den Heuvel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fd. Chem. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027323002300185X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027323002300185X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T12:36:11Z","timestamp":1759494971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S027323002300185X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["S027323002300185X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-2300","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"New supporting data to guide the use of evident toxicity in acute oral toxicity studies (OECD TG 420)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105517","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105517"}}