{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T20:39:09Z","timestamp":1792874349117,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["zefq-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualit\u00e4t im Gesundheitswesen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T19:53:28Z","timestamp":1786391608000},"page":"96-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A tool to assess Professional Identity Formation in general practice \u2013 A pilot with German GP trainees"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"206","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0954-2194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Schwill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1613-2524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"Trompke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9976-4558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline","family":"Scharli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3696-4261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Kranawetleitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6688-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas C.","family":"Dreher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1596-5908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8401-5047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjo","family":"Wijnen-Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2009.03440.x","article-title":"Identity, identification and medical education: why should we care?","volume":"44","author":"Monrouxe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017942","article-title":"Association of professional identity, gender, team understanding, anxiety and workplace learning alignment with burnout in junior doctors: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Monrouxe","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1177\/0020872819836703","article-title":"Sustaining professional identity during the initial post-qualification period: implications for retention strategies","volume":"64","author":"Moorhead","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Soc Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2015-004160","article-title":"The Quadruple Aim: care, health, cost and meaning in work","volume":"24","author":"Sikka","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0025","unstructured":"Frank JR. The CanMEDS 2005 physician competency framework. Better standards. Better physicians. Better care. Ottawa: F. JR, Editor; 2005."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0030","series-title":"Handbook of Adolescent Psychology","first-page":"159","article-title":"Identity in adolescence","author":"Marcia","year":"1980"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.1996.0040","article-title":"Sociological perspectives on identity formation: the culture-identity link and identity capital","volume":"19","author":"Cote","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05268-7","article-title":"Team players and helpers - describing professional identity among Finnish physicians in a cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Mattila","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0045","first-page":"718","article-title":"A schematic representation of the professional identity formation and socialization of medical students and residents: a guide for medical educators","volume":"90","author":"Cruess","year":"2015","journal-title":"AcadMed."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018583","article-title":"Multiple and multidimensional transitions from trainee to trained doctor: a qualitative longitudinal study in the UK","volume":"7","author":"Gordon","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3182604968","article-title":"Competency is not enough: integrating identity formation into the medical education discourse","volume":"87","author":"Jarvis-Selinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0060","unstructured":"WONCA. The European definitions of general practice 2023. https:\/\/www.woncaeurope.org\/file\/41f61fb9-47d5-4721-884e-603f4afa6588\/WONCA_European_Definitions_2_v7.pdf (last access 11.12.2025)."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0065","article-title":"Core values and principles of general practice and family medicine: perspectives of German GP residents-a cross-sectional study","volume":"26","author":"Dreher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"11 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S128","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-01-24-7115","article-title":"General practitioner professional identity formation: much needed, (still) oft forgotten","volume":"53","author":"Tsang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aust J Gen Pract."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.22454\/FamMed.2019.450912","article-title":"The emergence of family medicine identity among first-year residents: a qualitative study","volume":"51","author":"Hansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059691","article-title":"General practice residents\u2019 perspectives on their professional identity formation: a qualitative study","volume":"12","author":"Barnhoorn","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2022.2137395","article-title":"\u201cWhat kind of doctor do you want to become?\u201d: Clinical supervisors' perceptions of their roles in the professional identity formation of General Practice residents","volume":"45","author":"Barnhoorn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-088097","article-title":"Exploring residents' perspectives on their professional identity in general practice residency in the Netherlands: a qualitative study","volume":"14","author":"Al-Sabiry","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.95.1.144","article-title":"Group-level self-definition and self-investment: a hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification","volume":"95","author":"Leach","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1027\/1864-9335\/a000243","article-title":"Adaptation and Validation of a German Multidimensional and Multicomponent Measure of Social Identification","author":"Roth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0105","article-title":"New paths in post-graduate medical training in general practice - 8 years of experience with the pilot project Verbundweiterbildungplus Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg","volume":"34","author":"Schwill","year":"2017","journal-title":"GMS J Med Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1660-5","article-title":"Professional identity measures for student health professionals \u2013 a systematic review of psychometric properties","volume":"19","author":"Matthews","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6920-14-184","article-title":"Family physicians' professional identity formation: a study protocol to explore impression management processes in institutional academic contexts","volume":"6","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-020-01155-4","article-title":"Analysis on professional identity and related factors among Chinese general practitioners: a National Cross-sectional Study","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0125","article-title":"Starting postgraduate medical training in general practice with a rotation in general practice - a qualitative study on experiences and effects. GMS","volume":"41","author":"Becker","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Educ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2024.2308070","article-title":"Which 'end' do you have in mind? Clinical supervisors' perceptions of Professional Identity Formation outcomes in GP residency","volume":"46","author":"Al-Sabiry","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2024.2339409","article-title":"How does guided group reflection work to support professional identity formation in postgraduate medical education: a scoping review","volume":"47","author":"van Oorschot","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/13814788.2024.2443603","article-title":"From trainee to general practitioner: a qualitative study of transition experiences of Flemish GP trainees","volume":"31","author":"Tisseghem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.15399","article-title":"A scoping review and theory-informed conceptual model of professional identity formation in medical education","volume":"58","author":"Sarraf-Yazdi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Educ"}],"container-title":["Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualit\u00e4t im Gesundheitswesen"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1865921726001728?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1865921726001728?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T20:29:30Z","timestamp":1792873770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1865921726001728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S1865921726001728"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-9217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-9217","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A tool to assess Professional Identity Formation in general practice \u2013 A pilot with German GP trainees","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualit\u00e4t im Gesundheitswesen","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.zefq.2026.06.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}