{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:14:39Z","timestamp":1777436079087,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Zoology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,18]],"date-time":"2020-07-18T10:57:41Z","timestamp":1595069861000},"page":"125822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Individual variation in cardiotoxicity of parotoid secretion of the common toad, Bufo bufo, depends on body size \u2013 first results"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"142","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6320-8384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4790-001X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Marciniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1479-1443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leszek","family":"Rychlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.09.021","article-title":"In vitro cardiotoxity and mechanism of action of the Egyptian green toad Bufo viridis skin secretions","volume":"24","author":"Abdel-Rahman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. in Vitro."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00319","article-title":"Beetles as model organisms in physiological, biomedical and environmental studies \u2013 a review","volume":"10","author":"Adamski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0015","series-title":"lme4: linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes. R package version 0.999375-38","author":"Bates","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20190867","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2019.0867","article-title":"The costs of chemical defence: the impact of toxin depletion on growth and behaviour of cane toads (Rhinella marina)","volume":"286","author":"Blennerhassett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-016-0690-2","article-title":"Variation in chemical defense among natural populations of common toad, Bufo bufo, tadpoles: the role of environmental factors","volume":"42","author":"B\u00f3kony","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39587-3","article-title":"Toads phenotypically adjust their chemical defences to anthropogenic habitat change","volume":"9","author":"B\u00f3kony","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.4098\/AT.arch.63-22","article-title":"Food storage of the European water shrew, Neomys fodiens (Pennant, 1771)","volume":"19","author":"Buchalczyk","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta. Theriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52641-4","article-title":"The impact of multiple climatic and geographic factors on the chemical defences of Asian toads (Bufo gargarizans Cantor)","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2012.10.020","article-title":"Complex cocktails: the evolutionary novelty of venoms","volume":"28","author":"Casewell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0050","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sex and weaponry: The distribution of toxin-storage glands on the bodies of male and female cane toads (Rhinella marina)","volume":"2017","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2018.12.004","article-title":"Friends or foes? Emerging impacts of biological toxins","volume":"44","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1997.tb00018.x","article-title":"The natural history of amphibian skin secretions, their normal functioning and potential medical applications","volume":"72","author":"Clarke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2017.1339697","article-title":"A new indole alkaloid from the traditional Chinese medicine Chansu","volume":"20","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(92)90387-K","article-title":"Variability in alkaloid profiles in Neotropical poison frogs (Dendrobatidae): Genetic versus environmental determinants","volume":"30","author":"Daly","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-007-9261-x","article-title":"Alkaloids in bufonid toads (Melanophryniscus): Temporal and geographic determinants for two Argentinian species","volume":"33","author":"Daly","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.016","article-title":"Indolizidine 239Q and quinolizidine 275I. Major alkaloids in two Argentinian bufonid toads (Melanophryniscus)","volume":"52","author":"Daly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.03.005","article-title":"Comparative study of the chemical profile of the parotoid gland secretions from Rhaebo guttatus from different regions of the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"179","author":"de Souza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1139\/z02-224","article-title":"Reproductive behaviour of spadefoot toads (Pelobates fuscus): daily sex ratios and males\u2019 tactics, ages and physical condition","volume":"81","author":"Eggert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.9.081307.164356","article-title":"The toxicogenomic multiverse: convergent recruitment of proteins into animal venoms","volume":"10","author":"Fry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-1-51","article-title":"Alkaloids from single skins of the Argentinian toad Melanophryniscus rubriventris (ANURA, BUFONIDAE): An unexpected variability in alkaloid profiles and a profusion of new structures","volume":"1","author":"Garraffo","year":"2012","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-009-9608-6","article-title":"Ontogenetic variation in the chemical defenses of cane toads (Bufo marinus): toxin profiles and effects on predators","volume":"35","author":"Hayes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12983-015-0120-2","article-title":"The relationship between poison frog chemical defenses and age, body size, and sex","volume":"12","author":"Jeckel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3987\/COM-98-S(H)55","article-title":"Bufobutanoic acid and bufopyramide, two new indole alkaloids from the Chinese traditional drug Ch\u2019ansu","volume":"50","author":"Kamano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Heterocycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-012-0139-1","article-title":"Influence of diet on fecundity, immune defense and content of 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine in Harmonia axyridis Pallas","volume":"38","author":"Kogel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyy013","article-title":"The role of venom on the hunting and hoarding of prey differing in body size by the Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens","volume":"99","author":"Kowalski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mammal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12983-017-0230-0","article-title":"Evaluation of the physiological activity of venom from the Eurasian water shrew Neomys fodiens","volume":"14","author":"Kowalski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0135","first-page":"43","article-title":"Toxic activity and protein identification from the parotoid gland secretion of the common toad Bufo bufo","volume":"205","author":"Kowalski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1643\/CE-16-567","article-title":"Do bufonids employ different anti-predator behaviors than ranids? Comparison among three European anurans","volume":"106","author":"Kowalski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0145","series-title":"An Introduction to Behavioural Ecology","author":"Krebs","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.933","article-title":"Structure-activity relationship for the cardiotropic action of the Led-NPF-I peptide in the beetles Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas atratus","volume":"14","author":"Marciniak","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pept. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s10930-018-9780-z","article-title":"Biochemical analyses of proteins from Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Bufo melanostictus) skin secretion: soluble protein retrieval from a viscous matrix by ion-exchange batch sample preparation","volume":"37","author":"Mariano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Protein J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20190029","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0029","article-title":"Protein identification from the parotoid macrogland secrtion of Duttaphrynus melanostictus","volume":"25","author":"Mariano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2019.103525","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of soluble proteins retrieved from Duttaphrynus melanostictus skin secretion by IEx-batch sample preparation","volume":"209","author":"Mariano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1163\/1570754043492135","article-title":"Enzyme activities and biological functions of snake venoms","volume":"2","author":"McCue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Herpetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00049-015-0186-5","article-title":"Variation in alkaloid-based microbial defenses of the dendrobatid poison frog Oophaga pumilio","volume":"25","author":"Mina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemoecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-016-0749-0","article-title":"Chemical defence as a condition-dependent trait in harvestmen","volume":"42","author":"Nazareth","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.04.343","article-title":"Investigating the chemical profile of regenerated scorpion (Parabuthus transvaalicus) venom in relation to metabolic cost and toxicity","volume":"60","author":"Nisani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10080336","article-title":"The development of toad toxins as potential therapeutic agents","volume":"10","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2010.11.012","article-title":"De novo sequencing of peptides from the parotoid secretion of the cane toad, Bufo marinus (Rhinella marina)","volume":"57","author":"Rash","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0200","series-title":"A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R-Core-Team","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(88)90203-X","article-title":"Hyperglycaemic and myoactive factors in the corpora cardiac of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor","volume":"34","author":"Rosi\u0144ski","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Insect. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-006-9034-y","article-title":"Geographic and seasonal variation in alkaloid-based chemical defenses of Dendrobates pumilio from Bocas del Toro, Panama","volume":"32","author":"Saporito","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.022","article-title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of alkaloid variation in the poison frog Oophaga pumilio in Costa Rica and Panama over 30 years","volume":"50","author":"Saporito","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1021\/np900702d","article-title":"Sex-related differences in alkaloid chemical defenses of the dendrobatid frog Oophaga pumilio from Cayo Nancy, Bocas del Toro, Panama","volume":"73","author":"Saporito","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00049-011-0088-0","article-title":"A review of chemical ecology in poison frogs","volume":"22","author":"Saporito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemoecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/937407","article-title":"Differences and similarities among parotoid macrogland secretions in South American toads: a preliminary biochemical delineation","volume":"2013","author":"Sciani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1039\/a815397y","article-title":"Bufadienolides of plant and animal origin","volume":"15","author":"Steyn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-017-0956-5","article-title":"Age- and environment-dependent changes in chemical defences of larval and post-metamorphic toads","volume":"17","author":"\u00dcveges","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.12.018","article-title":"Bufothionine, a possible effective component in cinobufocini injection for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"141","author":"Xie","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112178","article-title":"Metabolites from Bufo gargarizans (Cantor, 1842): a review of traditional uses, pharmacological activity, toxicity and quality control","volume":"246","author":"Zhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25577","article-title":"Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Australian cane toad skins suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in U937 cells via NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"117","author":"Zulfiker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Zoology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944200620300817?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0944200620300817?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T17:41:01Z","timestamp":1760550061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0944200620300817"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0944200620300817"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-2006"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-2006","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Individual variation in cardiotoxicity of parotoid secretion of the common toad, Bufo bufo, depends on body size \u2013 first results","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Zoology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125822","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125822"}}