{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T02:10:04Z","timestamp":1782612604150,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10223","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30183-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T17:20:36Z","timestamp":1579886436000},"page":"497-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36540,"title":["Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"395","author":[{"given":"Chaolin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingwang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohui","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiuyang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenshun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuelei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jungang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangfa","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongmeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhancheng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib1","series-title":"Clinical virology","author":"Richman","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030781","article-title":"A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"348","author":"Ksiazek","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13967-0","article-title":"Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"362","author":"Kuiken","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030747","article-title":"Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"348","author":"Drosten","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7790","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01244-13","article-title":"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the Coronavirus Study Group","volume":"87","author":"de Groot","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211721","article-title":"Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia","volume":"367","author":"Zaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib14","author":"Tan"},{"issue":"suppl 55","key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib15","first-page":"2492","article-title":"Relationship between the presence of hypoxemia and the inflammatory response measured by C-reactive protein in bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"38","author":"Sanz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-6553(88)90053-3","article-title":"CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988","volume":"16","author":"Garner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004207","article-title":"Association between cardiac injury and mortality in hospitalized patients infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2147","article-title":"Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Perlman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030685","article-title":"A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong","volume":"348","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70204-4","article-title":"Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study","volume":"13","author":"Assiri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02415.x","article-title":"Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"136","author":"Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.01.025","article-title":"MERS-CoV infection in humans is associated with a pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokine profile","volume":"104","author":"Mahallawi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2067","article-title":"Expression of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2+ cells in SARS patients: relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS","volume":"210","author":"He","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088716","article-title":"Distinct immune response in two MERS-CoV-infected patients: can we go from bench to bedside?","volume":"9","author":"Faure","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3362","article-title":"Treatment with interferon-\u03b12b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques","volume":"19","author":"Falzarano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e343","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030343","article-title":"SARS: systematic review of treatment effects","volume":"3","author":"Stockman","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib28","first-page":"CD010406","article-title":"Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of influenza","volume":"2","author":"Lansbury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201706-1172OC","article-title":"Corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome","volume":"197","author":"Arabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.2003.012658","article-title":"Role of lopinavir\/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings","volume":"59","author":"Chu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-2427-0","article-title":"Treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome with a combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon-\u03b21b (MIRACLE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Arabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aal3653","article-title":"Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses","volume":"9","author":"Sheahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13940-6","article-title":"Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV","volume":"11","author":"Sheahan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0118-9","article-title":"Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses","volume":"17","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12711","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor","volume":"503","author":"Ge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-013-3402-x","article-title":"Bats as animal reservoirs for the SARS coronavirus: hypothesis proved after 10 years of virus hunting","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol Sin"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30252-x","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,15]],"date-time":"2020-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581724800000}}],"container-title":["The Lancet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0140673620301835?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0140673620301835?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:17:11Z","timestamp":1758845831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0140673620301835"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10223","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0140673620301835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30183-5","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.737258313.793592414","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.737258313.793572876","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.737258313.793570717","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0140-6736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-6736","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30184-7","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30185-9","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}