{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T23:56:22Z","timestamp":1778543782916,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]],"date-time":"2016-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7107,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A number of studies have demonstrated that cochlear implants provide an improved auditory signal and enhance the development of speech\u2010perception and production skills for profoundly deaf children. However, exactly when these early speech skills begin to develop remains unclear. To explore this issue, we observed, for a 1\u2010year period, four prelingually deaf children who underwent implantation consecutively within 1 month of each other, and we paid particular attention to the first few months of rehabilitation. We found immediate speech scores as early as the first day of implant tune\u2010up. Speech production continued to improve rapidly throughout the first 4 months but exhibited a generally slower rate of progress in some of the speech\u2010production skills at 1 year. We also found vowel\u2010production skills to be the easiest to achieve, with word\u2010pattern recognition and consonant voicing of intermediate difficulty. Consonant placing and manner of consonant production were the hardest skills to achieve. Results of speech\u2010perception tests 1 year after implantation were markedly improved over preimplantation levels in three of the four children. These early speech changes stress the need for maximization of the capability of the cochlear implant by institution of immediate and intensive speech rehabilitation efforts for prelingually deaf children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/s0194-59989670004-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T13:21:47Z","timestamp":1664371307000},"page":"508-512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Early Speech Changes in Children with Multichannel Cochlear Implants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Gabriel O.","family":"Te","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norfolk Virginia"},{"name":"Warren Otologic Group Warren Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret J.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norfolk Virginia"},{"name":"Warren Otologic Group Warren Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franklin M.","family":"Rizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norfolk Virginia"},{"name":"Warren Otologic Group Warren Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Medical College of Hampton Roads Norfolk Virginia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Northeastern Ohio University College of Medicine Rootstown Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Schatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norfolk Virginia"},{"name":"Warren Otologic Group Warren Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter N.","family":"Arkis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norfolk Virginia"},{"name":"Warren Otologic Group Warren Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather C.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norfolk Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Pediatric performance with the Nucleus 22\u2010channel cochlear implant system","volume":"12","author":"Staller SJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Speech production performance in children with multichannel cochlear implants","volume":"12","author":"Tobey EA","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Role of cochlear implants in deaf children","volume":"30","author":"Miyamoto RT","year":"1988","journal-title":"Scand Audiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Early speech perception manual.","author":"Moog JS","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Instruction manual. Identifying early phonological needs in children with hearing impairment.","author":"Paden EP","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199204000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"174","article-title":"Speech perception abilities in children with cochlear implants or hearing aids","volume":"12","author":"Somers MN","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Speech perception after multichannel cochlear implantation in the pediatric patient","volume":"15","author":"Shea JJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of communication skills of children with single or multichannel cochlear implants","volume":"13","author":"Miyamoto RT","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"116","article-title":"Evaluating the benefits of cochlear implants in an education setting","volume":"12","author":"Geers AE","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488409121693"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31771-0"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/S0194-59989670004-9","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/S0194-59989670004-9","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/S0194-59989670004-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T13:54:36Z","timestamp":1760968476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/S0194-59989670004-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/S0194-59989670004-9"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0194-59989670004-9","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1995-09-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-01-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}