{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:11:11Z","timestamp":1761491471642,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]],"date-time":"2016-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7568,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our objective was to assess the feasibility of using tonsillar lymphoid biopsy specimens obtained on an outpatient basis to quantitate a patient's lymphoid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA titers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DESIGN<\/jats:title><jats:p>A pilot cohort study was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>PATIENTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated ten HIV\u2010seropositive patients who ranged in age from 26 to 48 years and had CD4+ cell counts ranging from 110 to 833 at enrollment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES<\/jats:title><jats:p>The main outcome measures were tolerance and safety of outpatient tonsil biopsies and quantitation of HIV RNA titers in tonsillar lymphoid biopsy specimens, plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells determined by a new method of HIV RNA signal amplification with branched DNA probes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outpatient tonsil biopsies were well tolerated and were performed without complications. Nine of 10 tonsil biopsies from the HIV\u2010seropositive patients examined were positive for significant concentrations of HIV RNA, ranging from 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> to 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> HIV RNA equivalents per gram of tissue. All of the HIV RNA\u2010positive tonsillar lymphoid specimens had HIV RNA titers that were 10<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> to 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> times greater than those recovered from plasma (per milliliter) of the same patient obtained at the time of biopsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sufficient tonsillar tissue can be obtained in an outpatient clinic setting to quantitate lymphoid HIV titers by the new branched\u2010DNA signal amplification method with relative ease and without complication. The biopsy method described here affords ready access to the lymphoreticular system, which may help to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of myriad immune diseases without the need for excisional node biopsies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/s0194-59989670252-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T13:29:53Z","timestamp":1664371793000},"page":"593-598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Outpatient Biopsies of the Palatine Tonsil: Access to Lymphoid Tissue for Assessment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA Titers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Russell A.","family":"Faust","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine HIV Program St. Paul Ramsey Medical Center St. Paul Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Dailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiron Corporation Emeryville California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Melroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine HIV Program St. Paul Ramsey Medical Center St. Paul Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Infectious Diseases St. Paul Ramsey Medical Center St. Paul Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejo","family":"Erice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, and Pathology University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley T.","family":"Haase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Lawrence R.","family":"Boies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery St. Paul Ramsey Medical Center St. Paul Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","DOI":"10.1038\/362359a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1701","article-title":"Postmortem localization of HIV\u20101 RNA by in situ hybridization in lymphoid tissues of intravenous drug addicts who died unexpectedly.","volume":"142","author":"Burke AP","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Quantitative competitive polyerm'ase chain reaction for accurate quantitation of HIV DNA and RNA species.","volume":"14","author":"Piatak M","year":"1993","journal-title":"BioTechniques"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8096089"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.7.2725"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199504120-00003"},{"unstructured":"DaileyP WilberJ UrdeaM.HIV viral load in lymphoid tissues using branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification.Abstract from the Tenth Interntional Conference on AIDS Yokohama Japan August 10 1994","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1"},{"unstructured":"DaileyP WilberJ NeuwaldP.Quantification of HIV viral load in PBMCs and plasma using branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification. Abstract from the Tenth International Conference on AIDS Yokohama Japan August 11 1994","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1990.01870020082022"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894931020S801"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1295-1320"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/S0194-59989670252-8","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/S0194-59989670252-8","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/S0194-59989670252-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T13:57:20Z","timestamp":1760968640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/S0194-59989670252-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,4]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/S0194-59989670252-8"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0194-59989670252-8","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0194-5998"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-6817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1995-05-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1995-10-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-12-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}