{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:38:33Z","timestamp":1790743113403,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,1,1]],"date-time":"1988-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":567993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Biomechanics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0268-0033(88)80001-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]],"date-time":"2013-05-06T13:30:17Z","timestamp":1367847017000},"page":"i-S23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Fatigue fracture of human lumbar vertebrae"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Brinckmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Biggemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Hilweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(85)90012-0","article-title":"A biomechanical model of the lumbosacral joint during lifting activities","volume":"18","author":"Anderson","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198101000-00013","article-title":"Epidemiologic aspects of low back pain in industry","volume":"6","author":"Andersson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib3","series-title":"Personal communication","author":"Ayoub","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90053-4","article-title":"Mechanical strength of tibial trabecular bone evaluated by X-ray computed tomography","volume":"20","author":"Bentzen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198311000-00007","article-title":"Deformation of the vertebral end-plate under axial loading of the spine","volume":"8","author":"Brinckmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198503000-00005","article-title":"The influence of vertebral body fracture, intradiscal injection and partial discectomy on the radial bulge and height of human lumbar discs","volume":"10","author":"Brinkmann","year":"1985","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib7","first-page":"1976","article-title":"Fatigue life of compact bone I","volume":"9","author":"Carter","year":"1976","journal-title":"Effects of stress amplitude, temperature and density. J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678108992136","article-title":"Fatigue behaviour of adult cortical bone","volume":"52","author":"Carter","year":"1981","journal-title":"The influence of mean strain and strain range. Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib9","first-page":"461","article-title":"Uniaxial fatigue of human cortical bone","volume":"14","author":"Carter","year":"1981","journal-title":"The influence of physical tissue characteristics. J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"The relationship between in vivo strains and cortical hone remodeling","volume":"8","author":"Carter","year":"1982","journal-title":"CRC Crit Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138401","article-title":"Cycle-dependent and time-dependent bone fracture with repeated loading","volume":"105","author":"Carter","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1080\/0002889738506892","article-title":"A longitudinal study of low hack pain as associated with occupational lifting factors","volume":"34","author":"Chaffin","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib13","series-title":"The mechanical adaption of hones","author":"Currey","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198403000-00009","article-title":"Shrinkage as a measure of the effect of load on the spine","volume":"9","author":"Eklund","year":"1984","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198009000-00005","article-title":"Epidemiologic studies of low hack pain","volume":"5","author":"Frymoyer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib16","first-page":"7","article-title":"Tensile properties of the human lumbar annulus fibrosus","volume":"100","author":"Galante","year":"1967","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib17","series-title":"Noninvasive measurement of hone mass","author":"Genant","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib18","series-title":"Konditionstraining","author":"Grosser","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198001000-00009","article-title":"The bone mineral content and ultimate compressive strength of lumbar vertebrae","volume":"5","author":"Hansson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198103000-00007","article-title":"The relation between bone mineral content, experimental compression fractures and disc degeneration in lumbar vertebrae","volume":"6","author":"Hansson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib21","first-page":"479","article-title":"Mechanical behaviour of the human lumbar spine","volume":"5","author":"Hansson","year":"1987","journal-title":"II Fatigue strength during dynamic compressive loading. J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib22","first-page":"690","article-title":"Repeated loading tests of the lumbar spine","volume":"9","author":"Hardy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Surgical Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib23","series-title":"Berufsbelastung and Bewegungsapparat","author":"H\u00e4ublein","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198105000-00004","article-title":"Measurement of the distribution of axial stress on the end-plate of the vertebral body","volume":"6","author":"Horst","year":"1981","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib25","first-page":"753","article-title":"The compressive strength of lumbar vertebrae","volume":"129","author":"Hutton","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198211000-00012","article-title":"Can the spine be crushed in heavy lifting?","volume":"7","author":"Hutton","year":"1982","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib27","series-title":"The ergonomics of working postures: models, methods and cases","article-title":"Biomechanical model calculations of spinal stress for different working postures in various workload situations","author":"J\u00e4ger","year":"1986"},{"issue":"Biotechnik Nr. 33","key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib28","article-title":"Biomechanisches Modell des Menschen zur Analyse und Beurteilung der Belastung der Wirbels\u00e4ule bei der Handhabung von Lasten","volume":"Reihe 17","author":"J\u00e4ger","year":"1987","journal-title":"VDI Verlag"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197703000-00001","article-title":"Compressive strength characteristics of the human vertebral centrum","volume":"2","author":"Kazarian","year":"1977","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib30","first-page":"125","article-title":"Morphological observations on trabecular microfractures in the lumbar vertebrae","volume":"54","author":"Kitahara","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Jpn Orthop Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib31","first-page":"233","article-title":"Belastung and Beanspruchung bei T\u00e4tigkeiten in der mechanischen Weberei I. Mitteilung: T\u00e4tigkeitsanforderungen und Reaktionen des kardiopulmonalen Systems","volume":"20","author":"Kylian","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Pr\u00e4ventivmedizin"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1243\/EMED_JOUR_1983_012_023_02","article-title":"The effect of inertial factors on spinal stress when lifting","volume":"12","author":"Leskinen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eng Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198311000-00008","article-title":"Fatigue response of lumbar intervertebral joints under axial cyclic loading","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"1983","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib34","first-page":"49","article-title":"Ermittlung von Reviergr\u00f6ssen bei der Hausm\u00fcllabfuhr unter Ber\u00fccksichtigung der Beanspruchung der Besch\u00e4ftigten","volume":"33","author":"Luttmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"Zentralblatt f\u00fcr Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz, Prophylaxe und Ergonomie"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib35","series-title":"Untersuchungen zum Gesundheitsirsiko beim Heben und Umsetzen schwerer Lasten","article-title":"Wirkung erh\u00f6hter Wirbels\u00e4ulenbelastung beim Lastentransport auf die H\u00e4ufigkeit von R\u00fcckenbeschwerden","author":"Luttman","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib36","first-page":"261","article-title":"Belastung und Beanspruchung bei T\u00e4tigkeiten in der mechanischen Weberei","volume":"20","author":"Luttmann","year":"1985","journal-title":"2. Mitteilung: Elektromyographische und anthropometrische Analysen, Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Pr\u00e4ventivmedizin"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib37","series-title":"Untersuchungen zum Gesundheitsrisiko beim Heben und Umsetzen schwerer Lasten","article-title":"Ermittlung und Beurteilung von K\u00f6rperhaltungen bei Maurert\u00e4tigkeiten","author":"Luttmann","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib38","first-page":"5","article-title":"Investigation of the relation between low back pain and occupation","volume":"41","author":"Magora","year":"1972","journal-title":"Indust Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567080-00010","article-title":"Prediction of vertebral body compressive fracture using quantitative computed tomography","volume":"67-A","author":"McBroom","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/ort.1960.31.suppl-43.01","article-title":"Lumbar intradiscal pressure","volume":"43","author":"Nachemson","year":"1960","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib41","series-title":"The lumbar spine and back pain","article-title":"Lumbar intradiscal pressure","author":"Nachemson","year":"1976"},{"issue":"Suppl XXV","key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib42","article-title":"Fracture of the vertebral end-plate in the lumbar spine","author":"Percy","year":"1957","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02058659","article-title":"The relative contribution of trabecular and cortical bone to the strength of human lumbar vertebrae","volume":"3","author":"Rockoff","year":"1969","journal-title":"Cale Tiss"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198309000-00011","article-title":"Dynamic loading as a possible source of low-back disorders","volume":"8","author":"Sandover","year":"1983","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198264050-00008","article-title":"Loads on the lumbar spine","volume":"64A","author":"Schultz","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib46","series-title":"Personal communication","author":"Snook","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib47","series-title":"Die Wirbels\u00e4ule in Forschung und Praxis 94: Hippokrates","article-title":"Zur Actiologic der Spondylolisthesis","author":"Suczawa","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib48","series-title":"Manual handling and lifting. An information and literature review with special reference to the back","author":"Troup","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678508993043","article-title":"Age changes in lumbar intervertebral discs","volume":"56","author":"Twomey","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198503000-00011","article-title":"Circadian variation in stature and the effects of spinal loading","volume":"10","author":"Tyrrell","year":"1985","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.32.5.406","article-title":"Healing trabecular microfractures in the bodies of lumbar vertebrae","volume":"32","author":"Vernon Roberts","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02509327","article-title":"On the origin of scatter in results of human bone strength tests","volume":"8","author":"Wall","year":"1970","journal-title":"hied Biol Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(88)80001-9_bib53","series-title":"Clinical biomechanics of the spine","author":"White","year":"1978"}],"container-title":["Clinical Biomechanics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0268003388800019?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0268003388800019?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T01:51:29Z","timestamp":1539654689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0268003388800019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0268003388800019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0268-0033(88)80001-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-0033"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-0033","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]}}}