{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:07:45Z","timestamp":1791295665377,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1987,11,1]],"date-time":"1987-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":562723200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1987,11,1]],"date-time":"1987-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":562723200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajkd.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0272-6386(87)80098-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]],"date-time":"2014-05-23T21:25:10Z","timestamp":1400880310000},"page":"329-345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":278,"title":["Prevalence, Pathogenesis, and Treatment of Renal Dysfunction Associated With Chronic Lithium Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Boton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moises","family":"Gaviria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Batlle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1967.01730200030005","article-title":"Lithium as a prophylactic agent: Its effect against recurrent depression and manic-depressive psychosis","volume":"16","author":"Baastrup","year":"1967","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/00221309.1985.9710985","article-title":"Lithium therapy for mania and depression","volume":"112","author":"Murray","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Gen Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-83-4-527","article-title":"Lithium salts: 1970\u20131975","volume":"83","author":"Baldessarini","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1980.178","article-title":"Effects of lithium on the kidney","volume":"18","author":"Myers","year":"1980","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.4.443","article-title":"Lithium and the kidney: A review","volume":"139","author":"Ramsey","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(75)90348-4","article-title":"Lithium and water metabolism","volume":"59","author":"Cox","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1980.tb09726.x","article-title":"Renal concentration capacity in longterm lithium treatment and after withdrawal of lithium","volume":"207","author":"Bucht","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198502143120705","article-title":"Amelioration of polyuria by amiloride in patients receiving long-term lithium therapy","volume":"312","author":"Batlle","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1982.49","article-title":"Distal nephron function in patients receiving chronic lithium therapy","volume":"21","author":"Batlle","year":"1982","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111901","article-title":"Pathogenesis of nephrogenic diabetes inisipdus due to chronic administration of lithium in rats","volume":"75","author":"Christiansen","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112465","article-title":"Inhibition by lithium of the hydroosmotic action of vasopressin in the isolated perfused cortical collecting tubule of the rabbit","volume":"77","author":"Cogan","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1973.23","article-title":"Lithium-induced ADH resistance in toad urinary bladders","volume":"3","author":"Singer","year":"1973","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1977.102","article-title":"Chronic renal lesions following long-term treatment with lithium","volume":"12","author":"Hestbech","year":"1977","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib14","first-page":"577","article-title":"Chronic interstitial nephropathy in patients with long-term lithium treatment","volume":"192","author":"Hansen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1981.191","article-title":"Renal function and biopsy findings in patients on long-term lithium treatment","volume":"20","author":"Aurell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb07012.x","article-title":"Kidney function in lithium-treated patients","volume":"68","author":"Bendz","year":"1983","journal-title":"A literature review. Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib17","first-page":"15","article-title":"Renal toxicity of lithium and its implications","volume":"149","author":"DePaulo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Johns Hopkins Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib18","first-page":"513","article-title":"Structural and functional aspects of long-term lithium therapy","volume":"21","author":"Walker","year":"1982","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-197702020-00001","article-title":"Serum level monitoring and clinical pharmacokinetics of lithium","volume":"2","author":"Amdisen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1951.166.1.202","article-title":"Excretion and distribution of lithium in the dog","volume":"166","author":"Talso","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib21","first-page":"106","article-title":"Renal handling of lithium at non-toxic and toxic serum lithium levels","volume":"25","author":"Thomsen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1094307","article-title":"Renal lithium elimination in manic-depressive patients: Initial excretion and clearance","volume":"4","author":"Geisler","year":"1971","journal-title":"Pharmakopsychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30399-X","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of lithium reabsorption in the rat","volume":"196","author":"Steele","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00587025","article-title":"Lithium as an indicator of proximal tubular reabsorption","volume":"308","author":"Thomsen","year":"1969","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-197505000-00008","article-title":"Renal lithium reabsorption in man: physiologic and phannacologic determinants","volume":"269","author":"Steele","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1968.215.4.823","article-title":"Renal lithium excretion in man","volume":"215","author":"Thomsen","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-125-32308","article-title":"Action of alkali metals on papillary-cortical sodium gradient of dog kidney","volume":"125","author":"Solomon","year":"1967","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00582152","article-title":"A micropuncture study of the renal handling of lithium","volume":"380","author":"Hayslett","year":"1979","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(71)90011-2","article-title":"Mechanisms of renal lithium handling and their relationship to mineralocorticoids: A dissociation between sodium and lithium ions","volume":"8","author":"Baer","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1973.04200060095015","article-title":"Negative sodium balance in lithium carbonate toxicity","volume":"29","author":"Baer","year":"1973","journal-title":"Evidence of mineralocorticoid blockade. Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib31","series-title":"Lithium: Controversies and Unresolved Issues","first-page":"645","article-title":"Lithium-induced natriuresis","author":"Cox","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.114.517.1561","article-title":"Metabolic balance studies on the effect of lithium salts in manic-depressive psychosis","volume":"114","author":"Hullin","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30434-9","article-title":"Effect of prolonged lithium ingestion on the response to mineralocorticoids in the rats","volume":"196","author":"Thomsen","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1955.tb44990.x","article-title":"The excretion and retention of ingested lithium and its effect on the ionic balance of man","volume":"42","author":"Trautner","year":"1955","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1949.02900280001001","article-title":"Lithium poisoning","volume":"139","author":"Corcoran","year":"1949","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1949.02900280004002","article-title":"Lithium chloride as a substitute for sodium chloride in the diet","volume":"193","author":"Hanlon","year":"1949","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)04314-9","article-title":"The toxic effects, excretion and distribution of lithium chloride","volume":"100","author":"Radomski","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1958.tb00287.x","article-title":"Lithium studies","volume":"15","author":"Schou","year":"1958","journal-title":"1. Toxicity. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1974.tb00754.x","article-title":"Lithium-induced loss of body sodium and the development of severe intoxication in rats","volume":"35","author":"Thomsen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1977.tb02102.x","article-title":"The renal handling of lithium: Relation between lithium clearance, sodium clearance and urine flow in rats with diabetes insipidus","volume":"40","author":"Thomsen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1969.01740150029005","article-title":"Lithium retention and excretion","volume":"20","author":"Platman","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00584376","article-title":"Micropuncture study of the effects of lithium on proximal and distal tubular function in the rat kidney","volume":"377","author":"Hecht","year":"1978","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107649","article-title":"On the mechanism of lithium-induced diabetes insipidus in man and the rat","volume":"53","author":"Forrest","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib44","first-page":"684A","article-title":"Effects of lithium on renal concentration of cyclic AMP","volume":"19","author":"Beck","year":"1971","journal-title":"Clin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib45","first-page":"17","article-title":"The effect oflithium on the penneability response induced by the collecting duct by antidiuretic hormone","volume":"366","author":"Carney","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1976.231.6.1754","article-title":"Lithium-induced diuretic effect of antidiuretic hormone in rats","volume":"231","author":"Dousa","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(70)90286-9","article-title":"The effect of NaCl and LiCl on vasopressin sensitive adenyl cyclase","volume":"9","author":"Dousa","year":"1970","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1983.219","article-title":"Structural and functional response of toad urinary bladder to LiCl","volume":"24","author":"Fernandez-Ripollet","year":"1983","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1972.tb07258.x","article-title":"Some aspects of the inhibition of the action of antidiuretic hormone by lithium ions in the rat kidney and bladder of the toad Bufo marinus","volume":"44","author":"Harris","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(74)90118-6","article-title":"Lithium: ADH antagonism and ADH independent action in rats with diabetes insipidus","volume":"28","author":"Hochman","year":"1974","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-107-6-1693","article-title":"Lithium-induced polyuria: Effects oflithium on adenylate cyclase and adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase in medullary ascending limb of Henle\u2019s loop and in medullary collecting tubules","volume":"108","author":"Jackson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib52","first-page":"445","article-title":"Renal effects of lithium administration in rats: Alterations in water and electrolyte metabolism and the response to vasopressin and cyclic adenosine monophosphate during prolonged administration","volume":"86","author":"Martinez-Maldonado","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106900","article-title":"Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: In vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"51","author":"Singer","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197308022890508","article-title":"Mechanisms of lithium action","volume":"289","author":"Singer","year":"1973","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1972.222.2.499","article-title":"Inhibition of lithium transport across toad bladder by arniloride","volume":"222","author":"Herrera","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111170","article-title":"Characterization of acidification in the cortical and medullary collecting tubule of the rabbit","volume":"72","author":"Laski","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1019635","article-title":"Renal function and biopsy in patients on lithium therapy","volume":"13","author":"Albrecht","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pharmakopsychiatrie"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-88-5-607","article-title":"Water disturbances in patients treated with oral lithium carbonate","volume":"88","author":"Baylis","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1159\/000117838","article-title":"Glomerular filtration rate and calcium metabolism in long-term lithium treatment","volume":"7","author":"Thysell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(72)90182-8","article-title":"Sodium appetite in rats given lithium","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"1972","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1976.tb00067.x","article-title":"Lithium treatment and weight gain","volume":"53","author":"Vendsborg","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000182831","article-title":"Plasma arginine-vasopressin, renal-concentrating ability and lithium excretion in a group of patients on long-term lithium treatment","volume":"32","author":"Hansen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(79)91119-7","article-title":"Central, renal and adrenal side-effects of lithium in man","volume":"66","author":"Miller","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.130.2.144","article-title":"Plasma levels of antidiuretic hormone in patients receiving prolonged lithium therapy","volume":"130","author":"Padfield","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1159\/000181861","article-title":"Effects of lithiumassociated treatment on rat tubule function","volume":"25","author":"Carney","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(70)90155-0","article-title":"Lithium-induced diabetes insipidus-like syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Angrist","year":"1970","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib67","first-page":"765","article-title":"Lithiuminduced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: Studies of tubular function and pathogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Rapoport","year":"1979","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib68","first-page":"272A","article-title":"Indomethacin is antidiuretic in lithium-induced diabetes insipidus","volume":"25","author":"Leftwich","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb07013.x","article-title":"Kidney function in an unselected lithium population","volume":"68","author":"Bendz","year":"1983","journal-title":"A cross-sectional study. Acta Psychiatry Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00620.x","article-title":"Renal function in lithium and non-lithium-treated patients with affective disorders","volume":"62","author":"Coppen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib71","first-page":"254","article-title":"A renal function in 30 patients on long-term lithium therapy","volume":"12","author":"Donker","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378002500701","article-title":"Long-term lithium treatment and the kidney","volume":"25","author":"Grof","year":"1980","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01234.x","article-title":"Kidney function and quantitative histological changes in patients on longterm lithium therapy","volume":"70","author":"Jorgensen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib74","first-page":"107","article-title":"Renal function in long-term lithium prophylaxis","volume":"77","author":"Khandelwai","year":"1983","journal-title":"Indian J M Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib75","first-page":"1471","article-title":"Renal function in patients receiving long-term lithium therapy","volume":"124","author":"Uldall","year":"1981","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1979.tb00559.x","article-title":"Lithium treatment and kidney function","volume":"60","author":"Vestergaard","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1159\/000468445","article-title":"Kidney function in patients with affective disorders with and without lithium therapy","volume":"15","author":"Wahlin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib78","first-page":"428","article-title":"Renal function monitoring in patients receiving lithium carbonate","volume":"42","author":"Gelenberg","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02534.x","article-title":"Renal function in 153 manic-depressive patients treated with lithium for more than five years","volume":"71","author":"Lokkegaard","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90518-8","article-title":"Lithium and the kidney","volume":"1","author":"Tyrer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib81","first-page":"23","article-title":"Impairment of renal function in patients on long-term lithium treatment","volume":"18","author":"Wallin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Nephr"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(82)90021-2","article-title":"A chronic-pathological study of lithium nephrotoxicity","volume":"35","author":"Walker","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Chron Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(84)80003-8","article-title":"Renal function and lithium treatment: initial and follow-up tests in manic-depressive patients","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Affective Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1980.tb01216.x","article-title":"Renal function and morphology in long-term lithium and combined lithium-neuroleptic treatment","volume":"208","author":"Bucht","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib85","series-title":"Origin, Prevention and Treatment of Affective Disorders","first-page":"106","article-title":"Renal function oflithium treated patients: A progress report","author":"Vestergaard","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib86","first-page":"1345","article-title":"The pattern of polyuria in relation to duration of lithium treatment","volume":"19","author":"DePaulo","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.137.7.834","article-title":"Results of clinical renal function tests in lithium patients","volume":"137","author":"Gerner","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1986.80","article-title":"Chronic progressive renal lesions induced by lithium","volume":"29","author":"Walker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib89","series-title":"Lithium: Controversies and Unresolved Issues","first-page":"578","article-title":"Kidney function and morphology in long-term lithium treatment","author":"Rafaelson","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(79)90164-3","article-title":"Renal biopsy studies of lithium and prelithium patients and comparison with cadaver transplant kidneys","volume":"18","author":"Davies","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)92106-8","article-title":"Renal biopsy findings in lithium and pre-lithium patients","volume":"2","author":"Kincaid-Smith","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3109\/00313028309085167","article-title":"Renal pathology associated with lithium therapy","volume":"15","author":"Walker","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib93","first-page":"194","article-title":"The renal pathology in a case of lithium-induced diabetes insipidus","volume":"121","author":"Lindop","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Clin Patholnephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with long-term lithium carbonate treatment. CMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib94","first-page":"1210","article-title":"Unique tubular lesion after lithium","volume":"1","author":"Burrows","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700610317","article-title":"Glycogen in the collecting tubules of newborn animals","volume":"61","author":"Hinde","year":"1949","journal-title":"J Pathol Bact"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001340108","article-title":"The effect of lithium carbonate on the structure of the rat kidney","volume":"134","author":"Evan","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1159\/000182993","article-title":"Effects of lithium on the structure of the rat kidney","volume":"34","author":"McAuliffe","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib98","first-page":"194","article-title":"Persistent nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with long-term lithium carbonate treatment","volume":"121","author":"Rabin","year":"1979","journal-title":"CMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197101142840209","article-title":"Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and lithium intoxication: Complications of lithium carbonate therapy","volume":"284","author":"Lee","year":"1971","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-86-4-446","article-title":"Persistent nephrogenic diabetes insipidus after lithium carbonate","volume":"86","author":"Simon","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib101","first-page":"518","article-title":"Renal function and renal pathology in patients with lithium-induced impairment of renal concentrating ability","volume":"14","author":"Hansen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-88-4-576_2","article-title":"Lithium and diabetes insipidus","volume":"88","author":"Price","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib103","series-title":"Lithium: Controversies and Unresolved Issues","first-page":"632","article-title":"Lithium-induced polyuria: Cellular mechanisms and response to diuretics","author":"Forrest","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib104","first-page":"447","article-title":"Lithium induced interstitial nephropathy associated with chronic renal failure","volume":"92","author":"Ottosen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Reversibility and correlation between functional and structural changes. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.136.8.1098-a","article-title":"Lithium-associated nephropathy","volume":"136","author":"Colt","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6176.1457","article-title":"Renal function after long-term treatment with lithium","volume":"1","author":"Hullin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.138.3.324","article-title":"Renal glomerular function and long-term lithium therapy","volume":"138","author":"DePaulo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.135.1.22","article-title":"Renal function in patients on lithium treatment","volume":"135","author":"Hallgren","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib109","first-page":"81","article-title":"A prospective study of lithium-induced nephropathy: Preliminary results","volume":"21","author":"Amsterdam","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(86)80005-1","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of glomerular filtration rate during long-term lithium therapy","volume":"7","author":"Vaamonde","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)90609-3","article-title":"Lithium-induced uremia","volume":"1","author":"Hestbech","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib112","first-page":"460","article-title":"Renal damage associated with long term use of lithium carbonate","volume":"40","author":"Neu","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)90841-9","article-title":"Lithium induced uremia?","volume":"1","author":"Vestergaard","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1974.tb08891.x","article-title":"Grave lithium intoxication with fatal outcome","volume":"255","author":"Amdisen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(82)73387-0","article-title":"Rapid-onset reversible renal impairment during lithium treatment","volume":"23","author":"Hausner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.49.570.277","article-title":"Acute renal failure and lithium intoxication","volume":"49","author":"Lavender","year":"1973","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.41.474.190","article-title":"A case of lithium intoxication","volume":"41","author":"Verbov","year":"1965","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1159\/000180194","article-title":"Oliguric renal failure complicating lithium carbonate therapy","volume":"10","author":"Dias","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib119","first-page":"323","article-title":"Lithium and the kidney","volume":"90","author":"MacDonald","year":"1979","journal-title":"NZ Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1976.40","article-title":"Lithium-induced impairment of urinary acidification","volume":"9","author":"Roscoe","year":"1976","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib121","first-page":"455","article-title":"On the mechanism of lithium-induced renal tubular acidosis","volume":"89","author":"Nascimento","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib122","first-page":"983","article-title":"Interaction of amiloride and lithium on distal urinary acidification","volume":"93","author":"Mehta","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1980.23","article-title":"On the mechanism of lithium-induced renal tubular acidosis: Studies in the turtle bladder","volume":"17","author":"Arruda","year":"1980","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib124","first-page":"F23","article-title":"Studies of the urinary acidification defect induced by lithium","volume":"242","author":"Bank","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30876-1","article-title":"Urinary carbon dioxide tension in lithium carbonate-treated patients","volume":"201","author":"Perez","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib126","first-page":"386","article-title":"Incomplete syndrome of renal tubular acidosis induced by lithium carbonate","volume":"86","author":"Perez","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)31182-8","article-title":"Renal tubular acidosis","volume":"67","author":"Batlle","year":"1983","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90540-X","article-title":"Distal renal tubular acidosis with intact ability to lower urine pH","volume":"72","author":"Batlle","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI102931","article-title":"The effect of lithium on the electrocardiograms of animals and relation of this effect to the ratio of intracellular and extracellular concentration of potassium","volume":"33","author":"McKusick","year":"1954","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.137.7.860","article-title":"Acute hyperkalemia during lithium therapy of manic illness","volume":"137","author":"Goggans","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1952.168.3.642","article-title":"Renal excretion of cation in the dog during infusion of isotonic solutions of lithium chloride","volume":"168","author":"Foulks","year":"1952","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1962.203.5.897","article-title":"Stop-flow studies on renal handling oflithium ions in the dog","volume":"203","author":"Homer","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib133","first-page":"305","article-title":"Effect of lithium on water and electrolyte metabolism","volume":"48","author":"Galla","year":"1975","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib134","first-page":"424A","article-title":"Renal handling of potassium after chronic Li adminstration","volume":"31","author":"Batlle","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1159\/000182495","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome secondary to lithium therapy","volume":"30","author":"Depner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(81)90035-5","article-title":"A longitudinal study of renal function in patients treated with lithium","volume":"3","author":"Hwu","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Affective Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib137","first-page":"547A","article-title":"Lithium-induced nephrotic syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Medlock","year":"1975","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-92-1-70","article-title":"Minimal change disease and the nephrotic syndrome associated with lithium therapy","volume":"92","author":"Richman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib139","first-page":"735","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome and renal failure secondary to lithium carbonate therapy","volume":"132","author":"Bear","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196004142621501","article-title":"Clinical results of treatment of diabetes insipidus with drugs of the chlorthiazide series","volume":"262","author":"Crawford","year":"1960","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104657","article-title":"The mechanism of antidiuresis associated with the administration of hydrochlorthiazide to patients with vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus","volume":"41","author":"Earley","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1977222225","article-title":"Adjustment of lithium dose during lithium-chlorthiazide therapy","volume":"22","author":"Himmelhoch","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.134.2.149","article-title":"Thiazidelithium synergy in refractory mood swings","volume":"134","author":"Himmelhoch","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib144","first-page":"737","article-title":"Lithium toxicity enhanced by diuresis","volume":"262","author":"Hurtig","year":"1960","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5924.143","article-title":"Effect of prolonged thiazide treatment on renal lithium clearance","volume":"3","author":"Petersen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02486556","article-title":"A study in vitro of the concentrating defect associated with hypokalemia and hypercalcemia","volume":"366","author":"Carney","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(79)90374-0","article-title":"Potassium prevention of lithium-induced loss of water and sodium in rats","volume":"51","author":"Olesen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1977.74","article-title":"Distal nephron function of the rat during lithium chloride infusion","volume":"12","author":"Martinez-Maldonado","year":"1977","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1975.228.3.909","article-title":"Acute effects of lithium on the renal concentrating mechanism in a primate","volume":"228","author":"Webb","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01870322","article-title":"Lithium absorption in tight and leaky segments of intestine","volume":"72","author":"Diamond","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Memb Biol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638687800987?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638687800987?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T01:35:32Z","timestamp":1759455332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272638687800987"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,11]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272638687800987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0272-6386(87)80098-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-6386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-6386","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence, Pathogenesis, and Treatment of Renal Dysfunction Associated With Chronic Lithium Therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80098-7","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1987 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}