{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T20:06:38Z","timestamp":1768680398078,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]],"date-time":"2002-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1036108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forest Ecology and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-1127(01)00788-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,16]],"date-time":"2002-10-16T15:24:01Z","timestamp":1034781841000},"page":"275-296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Growth and carbon stocks of a spruce forest chronosequence in central Europe"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Mund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Kummetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Hein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.A","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.-D","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.2307\/1313296","article-title":"Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems. Hypotheses revisited","volume":"48","author":"Aber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB2","unstructured":"Alsheimer, M., 1997. Xylemflussmessungen zur Charakterisierung raum-zeitlicher Heterogenit\u00e4ten in der Transpiration montaner Fichtenbest\u00e4nde (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Bayreuther Institut F\u00fcr Terrestrische \u00d6kosystemforschung, Bayreuth."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02735874","article-title":"Zur Theorie der Grundfl\u00e4chenhaltung","volume":"87","author":"Assmann","year":"1968","journal-title":"Forstwiss. Centralbl."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB4","unstructured":"Assmann, E., Franz, F., 1963. Vorl\u00e4ufige Fichtenertragstafeln f\u00fcr Bayern. Mittleres Ertragsniveau. In: Bayerisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten (Eds.), Hilfstafeln f\u00fcr die Forsteinrichtung. Bayerisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, M\u00fcnchen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauer, G., Persson, H., Persson, T., Mund, M., Hein, M., Kummetz, E., Matteucci, G., van Oene, H., Scarascia-Mugnozza, G., Schulze, E.-D., 2000. Linking plant nutrition and ecosystem processes. In: Schulze, E.-D. (Ed.), Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 63\u201398.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57219-7_4"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB6","unstructured":"Bauer, H., 1989. N\u00e4hrstoffvorr\u00e4te von Fichtenbest\u00e4nden auf einer Standortseinheit im Kobernauserwald untersucht \u00fcber die Altersklassen. Diplomarbeit. Institut f\u00fcr Forst\u00f6kologie an der Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Bodenkultur, Wien."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB7","unstructured":"Bayerisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung. Landwirtschaft und Forsten, 1990. Hilfstafeln f\u00fcr die Forsteinrichtung. Bayerisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, M\u00fcnchen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker, M., Bert, G., Bouchon, J., Dupouey, J., Picard, J., Ulrich, E., 1995. Long-term changes in forest productivity in northeastern France: the dendroecological approach. In: Landmann, G., Bonneau, M. (Eds.), Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains. Springer, Berlin, pp. 143\u2013156.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-79535-0_5"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(98)00509-X","article-title":"The effect of water and nutrient availability on the productivity of Norway spruce in northern and southern Sweden","volume":"119","author":"Bergh","year":"1999","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB10","first-page":"1588","article-title":"Variations of wood \u03b413C and water-use efficiency of Abies alba during the last century","volume":"78","author":"Bert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB11","unstructured":"Binkley, D., 1986. Forest Nutrition Management. Wiley, New York, 290 pp."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB12","unstructured":"Bittersohl, J., Lischeid, G., 1995. Hydrogeologie und Abflu\u00dfverhalten im Einzugsgebiet Lehstenbach. In: Manderscheid, B., G\u00f6ttlein, A. (Eds.), Wassereinzugsgebiet Lehstenbach-das BIT\u00d6K-Untersuchungsgebiet am Waldstein (Fichtelgebirge, NO-Bayern). Bayreuther Forum \u00d6kologie, Bayreuth, pp. 40\u201348."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB13","unstructured":"BMELF (Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung Landwirtschaft und Forsten), 1997. Waldzustandsbericht der Bundesregierung 1997\u2014Ergebnisse der Waldschadenserhebung. Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, Bonn."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Br\u00e4ker, O.U., 1996. Growth trends of Swiss forests: tree ring data. Case study Toppwald. In: Spiecker, H., Mielik\u00e4inen, K., K\u00f6hl, M., Skovsgaard, J.P. (Eds.), Growth Trends in European Forests. Springer, Berlin, pp. 199\u2013217.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-61178-0_16"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02741121","article-title":"Der Einflu\u00df verschiedener Durchforstungsst\u00e4rken auf Massen und Wertleistungen der Fichte am Beispiel der d\u00e4nischen Versuchsfl\u00e4che","volume":"97","author":"Bryndum","year":"1978","journal-title":"Forstwiss. Centralbl."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB16","first-page":"39","article-title":"Blattmenge und Zuwachs. Fichten im gleichaltrigen Hochwald","volume":"29","author":"Burger","year":"1953","journal-title":"Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Anstalt f\u00fcr das Forstliche Versuchswesen"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420050201","article-title":"Root biomass allocation in the world\u2019s upland forests","volume":"111","author":"Cairns","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005620808273","article-title":"Investigating the balance between timber harvest and productivity of global coniferous forests under global change","volume":"47","author":"Churkina","year":"2000","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB19","unstructured":"DeAngelis, D.L., Gardner, R.H., Shugart, H.H., 1981. Productivity of forest ecosystems studied during the IBP: the woodlands data set. In: Reichle, D.E. (Ed.), Dynamics of Forest Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 67\u2013672."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/54.2.139","article-title":"Dynamics of coarse root production in a young plantation of Picea sitchensis","volume":"54","author":"Deans","year":"1981","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1080\/02827589950152647","article-title":"Above- and below-stump relationships for Picea abies: estimating root system biomass from breast-height diameters","volume":"14","author":"Drexhage","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02740949","article-title":"Struktur, Biomasse und Zuwachs eines \u00e4lteren Fichtenbestandes","volume":"89","author":"Droste zu H\u00fclshoff","year":"1970","journal-title":"Forstwiss. Centralbl."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3040.1999.00433.x","article-title":"CO2 enrichment in a maturing pine forest: are CO2 exchange and water status in the canopy affected?","volume":"22","author":"Ellsworth","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB24","first-page":"262","article-title":"Wachstumsgang und Ertragsleistung der Buche (120j\u00e4hrige Beobachtung des Durchforstungsversuches Fabrikschleichnach 15)","volume":"6","author":"Franz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Allg. Forst Zeitschrift"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1029\/95GB02381","article-title":"On the contribution of CO2 fertilization to the missing biospheric sink","volume":"9","author":"Friedlingstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB26","unstructured":"Gehrhardt, E., 1921. Ertragstafel Fichte\u2014mittelstarke Durchforstung. In: Bayerisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung. Landwirtschaft und Forsten, 1990. Hilfstafeln f\u00fcr die Forsteinrichtung. Bayerisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, M\u00fcnchen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(96)10042-2","article-title":"Above ground net primary production decline with stand age: potential causes","volume":"11","author":"Gower","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB28","unstructured":"Gundersen, P., Bashkin, V.N., 1994. Nitrogen cycling. In: Moldan, B., \u010cern\u00fd, J. (Eds.), Biogeochemistry of Small Catchments: A Tool for Environmental Research. Wiley, New York, pp. 255\u2013283."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00014592","article-title":"Photosynthetic acclimation in trees to rising atmospheric CO2\u2014a broader perspective","volume":"39","author":"Gunderson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB30","unstructured":"Hager, H., 1988. Stammzahlreduktion. Forstliche Schriftenreihe, Band 1, \u00d6sterreichische Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Wald\u00f6kosystemforschung und Experimentelle Baumforschung. Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Bodenkultur, Wien."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrison, A.F., Schulze, E.-D., Gebauer, G., Bruckner, G., 2000. Canopy uptake and utilisation of atmospheric pollutant N. In: Schulze, E.-D. (Ed.), Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 171\u2013188.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57219-7_8"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.1996.tb00088.x","article-title":"System-level adjustments to elevated CO2 in model spruce ecosystems","volume":"2","author":"H\u00e4ttenschwiler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Global Change Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00015.x","article-title":"Tree ring responses to elevated CO2 and increased N deposition in Picea abies","volume":"19","author":"H\u00e4ttenschwiler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB34","first-page":"59","article-title":"Wirkung atmogener Stickstoffeintr\u00e4ge auf Produktivit\u00e4t und Stabilit\u00e4t von Kiefern-Forst\u00f6kosystemen","volume":"24","author":"Hofmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr die Forstwirtschaft"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1959.tb07979.x","article-title":"Studies on the nutrition of forest tree seedlings. II. Mineral nutrition of spruce","volume":"12","author":"Ingestad","year":"1959","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB36","unstructured":"IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (Ed.), 1996. Climate change 1995\u2014impacts, adaptations and mitigation of climate change: scientific-technical analyses. Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB37","unstructured":"IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (Ed.), 2000. Land use, land-use change, and forestry, 2000. Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson, R.B., Mooney, H.A., Schulze, E.-D., 1997. A global budget for fine root biomass, surface area, and nutrient contents. Preceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94, 7362\u20137366.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.14.7362"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaupenjohann, M., Zech, W., Hantschel, R., Horn, R., Schneider, B.U., 1989. A mineral nutrition of forest trees: a regional survey. In: Schulze, E.-D., Lange, O.L., Oren, R. (Eds.), Forest Decline and Air Pollution. A Study of Spruce (Picea abies) on Acid Soils. Springer, Berlin, pp. 282\u2013296.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-61332-6_13"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1126\/science.256.5053.70","article-title":"Biomass and carbon budget of European forests, 1971\u20131990","volume":"256","author":"Kauppi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB41","unstructured":"Kenk, G., Spiecker, H., Diener, G., 1991. Referenzdaten zum Wachstum. Europ\u00e4isches Forschungszentrum f\u00fcr Ma\u00dfnahmen zur Luftreinhaltung (PEF) 82, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB42","unstructured":"K\u00f6rner, C., Schilcher, B., Pelaez-Riedl, S., 1993. Vegetation und Treibhausproblematik: Eine Beurteilung der Situation in \u00d6sterreich unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung der Kohlenstoff-Bilanz. In: \u00d6sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Ed.), Bestandsaufnahme\u2013Anthropogene Klima\u00e4nderungen: M\u00f6gliche Auswirkungen auf \u00d6sterreich\u2013M\u00f6gliche Massnahmen in \u00d6sterreich. Verlag der \u00d6sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, pp. 6.1\u20136.46."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kozlowski, T., 1971. Growth and Development of Trees. Academic Press, New York.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-424201-2.50012-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB44","unstructured":"Kramer, H., 1988. Waldwachstumslehre: \u00d6kologische und anthropogene Einfl\u00fcsse auf das Wachstum des Waldes, seine Massenleistung und Wertleistung und die Bestandessicherheit. Paul Parey, Hamburg, 374 pp."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB45","unstructured":"Kummetz, E., 1996. Die Wurzelentwicklung der Fichte (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Untersuchungen zum C- und N- Haushalt unterschiedlich alter Best\u00e4nde. Zulassungsarbeit, Universit\u00e4t Bayreuth."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.20.110189.000525","article-title":"Analyzing body size as a factor in ecology and evolution","volume":"20","author":"LaBarbera","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB47","unstructured":"Lee, D.-H., 1998. Architektur der Wurzelsysteme von Fichten (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) auf unterschiedlich versauerten Standorten. Reihe A, Band 153. Forschungszentrum Wald\u00f6kosysteme der Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, 147 pp."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB48","unstructured":"Lee, H.S.J., Overdieck, D., Jarvis, P.G., 1998. Biomass, growth and carbon allocation. In: Jarvis, P.G. (Ed.), European Forests and Global Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 126\u2013191."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2435.1999.00350.x","volume":"13","author":"Lloyd","year":"1999","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB50","unstructured":"Marschner, H., 1995. The Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press, London."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB51","unstructured":"Melillo, J.M., 1996. Carbon and nitrogen interactions in the terrestrial biosphere: anthropogenic effects. In: Walker, B., Steffen, W. (Eds.), Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems. International Geosphere\u2013Biosphere Programme Book Series. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 431\u2013450."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/17709","article-title":"Growing season extended in Europe","volume":"397","author":"Menzel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB53","unstructured":"Mitscherlich, G., 1970. Wald, Wachstum und Umwelt. Form und Wachstum von Baum und Bestand, Band 1. Sauerl\u00e4nder\u2019s Verlag, Frankfurt a. M."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB54","unstructured":"Mooney, H.A., Canadell, J., Chapin III, F.S., Ehleringer, J., K\u00f6rner, C., McMurtrie, R.E., Parton, W.J., Pitelka, L.F., Schulze, E.-D., 1999. Ecosystem physiology responses to global change. In: Walker, B., Steffen, W., Canadell, J., Ingram, J. (Eds.), The Terrestrial Biosphere and Global Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 141\u2013189."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB55","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, G., 2000. Wetterzentrale. Internet: http:\/\/www.wetterzentrale.de."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1038\/386698a0","article-title":"Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991","volume":"386","author":"Myneni","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB57","first-page":"235","article-title":"Das \u00d6kologische Me\u00dffeld der Sektion Forstwirtschaft der TU Dresden. VI. Zur Verteilung der N\u00e4hrelemente in der oberirdischen Dendromasse eines 100j\u00e4hrigen Fichtenbaumholzes","volume":"36","author":"Nebe","year":"1987","journal-title":"Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Technischen Universit\u00e4t Dresden"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3040.1999.00391.x","article-title":"Tree responses to rising CO2 in field experiments: implications for the future forest","volume":"22","author":"Norby","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB59","unstructured":"Nyland, R.D., 1996. Silviculture. Concepts and Applications. McGraw-Hill, Boston."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oren, R., Schulze, E.-D., Werk, K.S., Meyer, J., 1988. Performance of two Picea abies (L.) Karst. stands at different stages of decline. VII. Nutrient relations and growth. Oecologia 77, 163\u2013173.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00379182"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oren, R., Schulze, E.-D., 1989. Nutritional disharmony and forest decline: a conceptual model. In: Schulze, E.-D., Lange, O.L., Oren, R. (Eds.), Forest Decline and Air Pollution. A Study of Spruce (Picea abies) on Acid Soils. Springer, Berlin, pp. 425\u2013443.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-61332-6_20"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/35078064","article-title":"Soil fertility limits carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in a CO2-enriched atmosphere","volume":"411","author":"Oren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2504(08)60302-5","article-title":"Quantitative ecology and the woodland ecosystem concept","volume":"1","author":"Ovington","year":"1962","journal-title":"Adv. Ecol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Persson, Z., van Oene, H., Karlsson, P.S., Bauer, G.A., Cerny, J., Co\u00fbteaux, M.-M., Dambrine, E., H\u00f6gberg, P., Kj\u00f8ller, A., Matteucci, G., Rudebeck, A., Schulze, E.-D., Paces, T., 2000. Experimental sites in the NIPHYS\/CANIF project. In: Schulze, E.-D. (Ed.), Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 14\u201344.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57219-7_2"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pretzsch, H., 1996. Growth trends of forests in southern Germany. In: Spiecker, H., Mielik\u00e4inen, K., K\u00f6hl, M., Skovsgaard, J.P. (Eds.), Growth Trends in European Forests. Springer, Berlin, pp. 107\u2013131.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-61178-0_11"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB66","first-page":"444","article-title":"Responses of N-limited ecosystems to increased CO2: a balanced-nutrition, coupled-element-cycle model","volume":"7","author":"Rastetter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reif, A., 1989. The vegetation of the Fichtelgebirge: origin, site conditions, and present status. In: Schulze, E.-D., Lange, O.L., Oren, R. (Eds.), Forest Decline and Air Pollution. A Study of Spruce (Picea abies) on Acid Soils. Springer, Berlin.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-61332-6_2"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02182652","article-title":"The development of root systems analysed by growth rings","volume":"71","author":"Reynolds","year":"1983","journal-title":"Plant and Soil"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02378360","article-title":"Development of the root crown in some conifers","volume":"98","author":"Reynolds","year":"1987","journal-title":"Plant and Soil"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB70","unstructured":"R\u00f6hle, H., 1995. Zum Wachstum der Fichte auf Hochleistungsstandorten in S\u00fcdbayern, 48. Heft, Bayerisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, M\u00fcnchen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2504(08)60009-4","article-title":"Age-related decline in forest productivity: patterns and process","volume":"27","author":"Ryan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv. Ecol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sachs, A., 1992. Angewandte Statistik. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-05747-6"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-4056(23)00138-5","article-title":"Root biomass studies in forest ecosystems","volume":"17","author":"Santantonio","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pedobiologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scarascia-Mugnozza, G., Bauer, G., Persson, H., Matteucci, G., Masci, A., 2000. Tree biomass, growth and nutrient pools. In: Schulze, E.-D. (Ed.), Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 49\u201362.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57219-7_3"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB75","unstructured":"Schmidt-Vogt, H., 1987. Die Fichte. Band I: Taxonomie, Verbreitung, Morphologie, \u00d6kologie, Waldgesellschaften. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB76","unstructured":"Schmidt-Vogt, H., 1991a. Die Fichte. Band II, 1. Wachstum, Z\u00fcchtung, Boden, Umwelt, Holz. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB77","unstructured":"Schmidt-Vogt, H., 1991b. Die Fichte. Band II, 3: Waldbau, \u00d6kosysteme, Urwald, Wirtschaftswald, Ern\u00e4hrung, D\u00fcngung, Ausblick. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00469765","article-title":"Eine neue apparatur zur druckveraschung von biologischem material","volume":"302","author":"Schramel","year":"1980","journal-title":"Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB79","unstructured":"Schulze, E.-D., Lange, O.L., Oren, R. (Eds.), 1989a. Forest Decline and Air Pollution. A Study of Spruce (Picea abies) on Acid Soils. Springer, Berlin."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schulze, E.-D., Oren, R., Lange, O.L., 1989b. Processes leading to forest decline: a synthesis. In: Schulze, E.-D., Lange, O.L., Oren, R. (Eds.), Forest Decline and Air Pollution. A Study of Spruce (Picea abies) on Acid Soils. Springer, Berlin, pp. 459\u2013468.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-61332-6_22"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1139\/x95-103","article-title":"Above ground biomass and nitrogen nutrition in a chronosequence of pristine Dahurian Larix stands in eastern Siberia","volume":"25","author":"Schulze","year":"1995","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schulze, E.-D., H\u00f6gberg, O., van Oene, H., Persson, T., Harrison, A.F., Read, D., Kj\u00f8ller, A., Matteucci, G., 2000. Interactions between the carbon- and nitrogen-cycle and the role of biodiversity: a synopsis of a study along a north\u2013south transect trough Europe. In: Schulze, E.-D. (Ed.), Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 468\u2013491.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57219-7_21"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB83","unstructured":"Sokal, R.R., Rohlf, J., 1995. Biometry. Freeman, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spiecker, H., Mielik\u00e4inen, K., K\u00f6hl, M., Skovsgaard, J.P. (Eds.), 1996. Growth Trends in European Forests. Springer, Berlin, 372 pp.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-61178-0"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2307\/1937343","article-title":"Correcting for bias in log-transformed allometric equations","volume":"64","author":"Sprugel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stober, C., George, E., Persson, H., 2000. Root growth and responses to nitrogen. In: Schulze, E.-D. (Ed.), Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 99\u2013121.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57219-7_5"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1127(91)90245-Q","article-title":"On the maximum extent of tree roots","volume":"46","author":"Stone","year":"1991","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamm, C.O., 1991. Nitrogen in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Springer, Berlin.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-75168-4"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB89","first-page":"33","article-title":"Entwurf einer Karte der potentiellen nat\u00fcrlichen vegetation von Oberfranken","volume":"13","author":"T\u00fcrk","year":"1993","journal-title":"Tuexenia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uhlmann, W., Altner, A., Schulze, E.-D., Lange, O., 1989. Introduction: the problem of forest decline and the Bavarian Forest toxicology research group. In: Schulze, E.-D., Lange, O.L., Oren, R. (Eds.), Forest Decline and Air Pollution. A Study of Spruce (Picea abies) on Acid Soils. Springer, Berlin, pp. 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-61332-6_1"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB91","unstructured":"UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), 1997. The Kyoto Protocol. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vanselow, K., 1951. Ertragstafel Fichte\u2014S\u00fcdbayern. In: Bayerisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung. Landwirtschaft und Forsten, 1990. Hilfstafeln f\u00fcr die Forsteinrichtung. Bayerisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, M\u00fcnchen.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01821864"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3800(95)00093-B","article-title":"The application of the model NAP to the Solling spruce site","volume":"83","author":"van Oene","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vygodskaya, N.N., Schulze, E.-D., Tchebakova, N.M., Karpachevskii, L.O., Kozlov, D., Sidorov, K.N., Panfyorov, M.I., Abrazko, M.I., Shaposchnikow, E.S., Solnzeva, O.N., Minaeva, T.I., Jeltuchin, A.S., Pugachevskii, M.Y., 2002. Climatic control of stand thinning in unmanaged spruce forests of the southern taiga in European Russia, Tellus (in press).","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusb.v54i5.16680"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB95","unstructured":"WBGU (Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Bundesregierung Globale Umweltver\u00e4nderungen), 1998. The Accounting of Biological Sinks and Sources under the Kyoto Protocol: A Step Forward or Backwards for Global Environmental Protection? WBGU, Bremerhaven."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2504(08)60171-3","article-title":"The self-thinning rule","volume":"14","author":"Westoby","year":"1984","journal-title":"Adv. Ecol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(01)00788-5_BIB97","unstructured":"Wiedemann, E., 1936\/1942. Ertragstafel Fichte\u2014m\u00e4\u00dfige Durchforstung. In: Bayerisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung. Landwirtschaft und Forsten, 1990. Hilfstafeln f\u00fcr die Forsteinrichtung. Bayerisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, M\u00fcnchen."}],"container-title":["Forest Ecology and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378112701007885?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378112701007885?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T22:31:29Z","timestamp":1682375489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378112701007885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0378112701007885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0378-1127(01)00788-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1127"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1127","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}}}