{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T21:51:28Z","timestamp":1779918688385,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000924","name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Planetary Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s2542-5196(21)00136-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T19:11:44Z","timestamp":1623352304000},"page":"e368-e377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Electric fan use for cooling during hot weather: a biophysical modelling study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nathan B","family":"Morris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia K","family":"Chaseling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Gruss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Fauzan Bin","family":"Maideen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Capon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ollie","family":"Jay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607113350203","article-title":"Heat-related deaths during the July 1995 heat wave in Chicago","volume":"335","author":"Semenza","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq231","article-title":"The effects of temperature and use of air conditioning on hospitalizations","volume":"172","author":"Ostro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04188","article-title":"Impact of regional climate change on human health","volume":"438","author":"Patz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002599","article-title":"Air-quality-related health impacts from climate change and from adaptation of cooling demand for buildings in the eastern United States: an interdisciplinary modeling study","volume":"15","author":"Abel","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5962","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1423558112","article-title":"Contribution of air conditioning adoption to future energy use under global warming","volume":"112","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib7","author":"Shah"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2019.03.037","article-title":"Fanning as an alternative to air conditioning \u2013 a sustainable solution for reducing indoor occupational heat stress","volume":"193","author":"Jay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Build"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318245c61c","article-title":"Lights out: impact of the August 2003 power outage on mortality in New York, NY","volume":"23","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib10","series-title":"Excessive heat events guidebook","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib13","series-title":"Heat-waves: risks and responses","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009888","article-title":"Electric fans for reducing adverse health impacts in heatwaves","volume":"7","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61711-6","article-title":"Health effects of hot weather: from awareness of risk factors to effective health protection","volume":"375","author":"Hajat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00191.2018","article-title":"Partitional calorimetry","volume":"126","author":"Cramer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-0512","article-title":"The effects of electric fan use under differing resting heat index conditions: a clinical trial","volume":"171","author":"Morris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.153","article-title":"Heart rate and body temperature responses to extreme heat and humidity with and without electric fans","volume":"313","author":"Ravanelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00376498","article-title":"Regional differences in age-related decrements of the cutaneous vascular and sweating responses to passive heating","volume":"74","author":"Inoue","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001348","article-title":"Age modulates physiological responses during fan use under extreme heat and humidity","volume":"49","author":"Gagnon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib21","first-page":"140","article-title":"Anticholinergic burden and most common anticholinergic-acting medicines in older general practice patients","volume":"57","author":"Gorup","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zdr Varst"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2006.02632.x","article-title":"Relationship between sedation and pupillary function: comparison of diazepam and diphenhydramine","volume":"61","author":"Hou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s12273-010-0410-8","article-title":"The effect of air-conditioning on worker productivity in office buildings: a case study in Thailand","volume":"3","author":"Ngarmpornprasert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Build Simul"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-019-04283-7","article-title":"Ad libitum water consumption off-sets the thermal and cardiovascular strain exacerbated by dehydration during a 3-h simulated heatwave","volume":"120","author":"Graham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205321","article-title":"High prevalence of hypohydration in occupations with heat stress-perspectives for performance in combined cognitive and motor tasks","volume":"13","author":"Piil","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0395-7","article-title":"Hypohydration and human performance: impact of environment and physiological mechanisms","volume":"45","author":"Sawka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.13051","article-title":"A preliminary study of the effect of dousing and foot immersion on cardiovascular and thermal responses to extreme heat","volume":"322","author":"Morris","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00786.2019","article-title":"Keeping older individuals cool in hot and moderately humid conditions: wetted clothing with and without an electric fan","volume":"128","author":"Cramer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-007-0124-5","article-title":"Airport and city-centre temperatures in the evaluation of the association between heat and mortality","volume":"52","author":"de'Donato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa6e59","article-title":"Impact of heatwave on a megacity: an observational analysis of New York City during July 2016","volume":"12","author":"Ramamurthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Res Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat9513","article-title":"Hierarchically porous polymer coatings for highly efficient passive daytime radiative cooling","volume":"362","author":"Mandal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2012.01.023","article-title":"On the thermal performance of low income housing during heat waves","volume":"49","author":"Sakka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Build"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aaa00e","article-title":"Temperature and humidity based projections of a rapid rise in global heat stress exposure during the 21st century","volume":"13","author":"Coffel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Res Lett"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Planetary Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2542519621001364?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2542519621001364?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T14:16:23Z","timestamp":1762870583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2542519621001364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2542519621001364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2542-5196(21)00136-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2542-5196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2542-5196","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Electric fan use for cooling during hot weather: a biophysical modelling study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Planetary Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00136-4","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}