{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:25:27Z","timestamp":1780446327726,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,9,1]],"date-time":"1994-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":778377600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,4]],"date-time":"2004-05-04T10:14:26Z","timestamp":1083665666000},"page":"915-918","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2276,"title":["Nitric oxide synthases: Roles, tolls, and controls"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Carl","family":"Nathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiao-wen","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB1","first-page":"10769","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthases reveal a role for calmodulin in controlling electron transfer","volume":"90","author":"Abu-Soud","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)36901-7","article-title":"Macrophage nitric oxide synthase subunits","volume":"268","author":"Baek","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90348-4","article-title":"Transient nitric oxide synthase neurons in embryonic cerebral cortical plate, sensory ganglia, and olfactory epithelium","volume":"13","author":"Bredt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB4","article-title":"Regulation of nitric oxide synthase activity in HIV-1-infected monocytes: implications for HIV-associated neurological disease","volume":"180","author":"Bukrinsky","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.3.945","article-title":"Isolation of a nitric oxide inhibitor from mammary tumor cells and its characterization as phosphatidyl serine: its role on the host immune defenses","volume":"180","author":"Calder\u00f3n","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.2.599","article-title":"Calmodulin is a subunit of nitric oxide synthase from macrophages","volume":"176","author":"Cho","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB7","first-page":"3256","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coat protein neurotoxicity mediated by nitric oxide in primary cortical cultures","volume":"90","author":"Dawson","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.5.1999","article-title":"Triggering of human monocyte activation through CD69, a member of the NKC family of signal transducing receptors","volume":"180","author":"De Maria","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB9","first-page":"4214","article-title":"Endothelial nitric oxide synthase localyzed to hippocampal pyramidal cells: implications for synaptic plasticity","volume":"91","author":"Dinerman","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91632-3","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthesis and action in an invertebrate brain","volume":"619","author":"Elphick","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/369061a0","article-title":"Nitric oxide mediates network oscillations of olfactory interneurons in a terrestrial mollusc","volume":"369","author":"Gelperin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB12","first-page":"267","article-title":"Epithelial autotoxicity of nitric oxide: role in the respiratory cytopathology of pertussis","volume":"91","author":"Heiss","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB13","first-page":"760","article-title":"\u03b2-amyloid 25\u201335 activates nitric oxide synthase in a neuronal clone","volume":"4","author":"Hu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117005","article-title":"Induction of nitric oxide synthase by cyclic AMP in rat vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"93","author":"Imai","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7510419","article-title":"Requirement for transcription factor IRF-1 in NO synthase induction in macrophages","volume":"263","author":"Kamijo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB16","first-page":"5387","article-title":"Two distinct signaling pathways trigger the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat renal mesangial cells","volume":"91","author":"Kunz","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36631-0","article-title":"Nitric oxide as a messenger molecule for myoblast fusion","volume":"269","author":"Lee","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB18","first-page":"4329","article-title":"Pass the nitric oxide","volume":"90","author":"Madison","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.3.977","article-title":"Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) in induction of nitric oxide synthase","volume":"180","author":"Martin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB20","first-page":"E829","article-title":"New insights into the regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthesis","volume":"266","author":"Morris","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.6.12.1381691","article-title":"Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells","volume":"6","author":"Nathan","year":"1992","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36703-0","article-title":"Regulation of biosynthesis of nitric oxide","volume":"269","author":"Nathan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB23","first-page":"999","article-title":"Endothelial cells are activated by cykotkine treatment to kill an intravascular parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, through the production of nitric oxide","volume":"91","author":"Oswald","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36665-6","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b21, but not dexamethasone, down-regulates nitric-oxide synthase mRNA after its induction by interleukin-1\u03b2 in rat smooth muscle cells","volume":"269","author":"Perrella","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.74.2.349","article-title":"Chronic exercise in dogs increases coronary vascular nitric oxide production and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase gene expression","volume":"74","author":"Sessa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB26","first-page":"365","article-title":"Purification of a soluble isoform of guanylyl cyclase-activating-factor synthase","volume":"88","author":"Schmidt","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90295-T","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase activity in pregnant rabbit uterus decreases on the last day of pregnancy","volume":"169","author":"Sladek","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB28","first-page":"7738","article-title":"Mammalian nitrate biosynthesis: mouse macrophages produce nitrite and nitrate in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide","volume":"82","author":"Stuehr","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB29","first-page":"11617","article-title":"Marked increase in nitric oxide synthase mRNA in rat dorsal root ganglia after peripheral axotomy: in situ hybridization and functional studies","volume":"89","author":"Verge","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB30","first-page":"5212","article-title":"Induction of calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthases by sex hormones","volume":"91","author":"Weiner","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.3.969","article-title":"Iron regulates nitric oxide synthase activity by controlling nuclear transcription","volume":"180","author":"Weiss","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3040105","article-title":"Pteridine biosynthesis and nitric oxide synthase in Physarum polycephalum","author":"Werner-Felmayer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8080500","article-title":"Nitric oxide activation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in neurotoxicity","volume":"263","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0092867494902666?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0092867494902666?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T08:07:53Z","timestamp":1623917273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0092867494902666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]}},"alternative-id":["0092867494902666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0092-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0092-8674","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]}}}