{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:56:52Z","timestamp":1777373812180,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,7,1]],"date-time":"1992-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":709948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,27]],"date-time":"2002-12-27T23:28:01Z","timestamp":1041031681000},"page":"203-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["A review on classical swine fever infections in pigs: Epizootiology, clinical disease and pathology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Dahle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Liess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000149938","article-title":"Classification and nomenclature of viruses","volume":"7","author":"Fenner","year":"1976","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB2","first-page":"211","article-title":"Origin of hog cholera","volume":"131","author":"Hanson","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Am. vet. med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB3","first-page":"1461","article-title":"Swine fever in Great Britain","volume":"57","author":"Beynon","year":"1962","journal-title":"Bull. off. int. Epiz."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB4","series-title":"Betriebsateilung Eystrup der Behringwerke AG","first-page":"10","article-title":"\u00dcber den Stand der Schweinepest in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland","author":"Kamphans","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB5","series-title":"Classical Swine Fever and Related Infections","first-page":"217","article-title":"Control of classical swine fever","author":"Bendixen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB6","first-page":"1124","article-title":"Studies on the comparative susceptibility of wild European and domestic swine to hog cholera","volume":"25","author":"Brugh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am. J. vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB7","first-page":"807","article-title":"Propagation and transmission of hog cholera virus in non-porcine hosts","volume":"29","author":"Loan","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am. J. vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB8","first-page":"195","article-title":"Interspecies transmission of pestiviruses: Experimental infections with bovine viral diarrhoea virus in pigs and hog cholera virus in cattle","author":"Dahle","year":"1987","journal-title":"Commission of the European Communities Publication EUR 10238EN"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB9","first-page":"183","article-title":"Serial passage of hog cholera virus in rabbits","volume":"63","author":"Baker","year":"1946"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB10","first-page":"178","article-title":"Propagation of hog cholera virus in rabbits","volume":"63","author":"Koprowski","year":"1946"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB11","first-page":"62","article-title":"Studies on the avirulent lapinized hog cholera virus: The susceptibility of rabbits to the lapinized hog cholera virus","volume":"4","year":"1978","journal-title":"Collect. Papers vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB12","first-page":"85","article-title":"Studies on the avirulent lapinized hog cholera virus: trial to prepare a organo-vaccine from rabbits infected with lapinized hog cholera virus","volume":"5","year":"1978","journal-title":"Collect. Papers vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB13","first-page":"615","article-title":"The pathogenesis of hog cholera I. Route of entrance of the virus into the animal body","volume":"20","author":"Dunne","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am. J. vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.1973.tb01126.x","article-title":"Studies on the pathogenesis of hog cholera. I. Demonstration of hog cholera virus subsequent to oral exposure","volume":"20","author":"Ressang","year":"1973","journal-title":"Zbl. vet. Med. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.1972.tb00454.x","article-title":"Virus excretion in vaccinated pigs subject to contact infection with virulent hog cholera strains","volume":"19","author":"Ressang","year":"1972","journal-title":"Zbl. vet. Med. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB16","first-page":"416","article-title":"A report on the involvement of markets in the spread of hog cholera","author":"Beals","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB17","first-page":"1151","article-title":"The carrier sow in swine fever","volume":"76","author":"Huck","year":"1964","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB18","first-page":"55","article-title":"Observations concerning the dissemination of hog cholera by insects","volume":"14","author":"Dorset","year":"1919","journal-title":"Am. J. vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB19","first-page":"401","article-title":"Fliegen als \u00dcbertrager der Schweinepest","volume":"20","author":"Reuss","year":"1959","journal-title":"Berl. M\u00fcnch. tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.107.5.609","article-title":"The swine lungworm as a reservoir and intermediate host for hog cholera virus","volume":"107","author":"Shope","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. exptl Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.108.1.159","article-title":"The swine lungworm as a reservoir and intermediate host for hog cholera virus","volume":"107","author":"Shope","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. exptl Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB22","first-page":"906","article-title":"Reservoirs of hog cholera","volume":"154","author":"Solorzano","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Am. vet. med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB23","first-page":"48","article-title":"Transmission of hog cholera virus by trichinella spiralis larvae","volume":"51","author":"Zimmermann","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Parasit."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB24","first-page":"84","article-title":"Transmission of hog cholera virus by trichinella spiralis larvae","volume":"30","author":"Zimmermann","year":"1966","journal-title":"Can. J. comp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB25","series-title":"Classical Swine Fever and Related Infections","first-page":"201","article-title":"Epizootiology of hog cholera","author":"Terpstra","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB26","first-page":"113","article-title":"Analyse der Schweinepest-Epizootie in Hessen in den Jahren 1971\u20131974","volume":"85","author":"Wachend\u00f6rfer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Dtsch. tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB27","first-page":"303","article-title":"Hog cholera transmission through infected pork","volume":"51","author":"Birch","year":"1917","journal-title":"J. Am. vet. med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(33)80004-X","article-title":"The viability of the virus of swine fever in bone marrow, muscle and skin of preserved carcases","volume":"46","author":"Doyle","year":"1933","journal-title":"J. comp. Path. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB29","first-page":"387","article-title":"Studies on the viability of the virus of swine fever","volume":"2","author":"Edgar","year":"1952"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1966.tb07637.x","article-title":"Viability of virulent swine fever virus in cooked and uncooked ham and sausage casings","volume":"42","author":"Helwig","year":"1966","journal-title":"Austr. vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB31","first-page":"849","article-title":"Epizootologie, diagnostic, crit\u00e8res de prophylaxie de la peste porcine classique en Italy","volume":"72","author":"Caporale","year":"1969","journal-title":"Bull. off. int. Epiz."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.95.16.363","article-title":"Observation on an outbreak of swine fever in Barbados","volume":"95","author":"Hutson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1963.tb04242.x","article-title":"The role of feral pig as a disease reservoir","volume":"39","author":"Keast","year":"1963","journal-title":"Austr. vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB34","first-page":"124","article-title":"Enzootische Schweinepest beim Schwarzwild im Odenwald","volume":"8","author":"Englert","year":"1953","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztl. Umsch."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB35","series-title":"Thesis","article-title":"Studie zur Epizootiologie der Europ\u00e4ischen Schweinepest w\u00e4hrend des Seuchenzuges von 1971 bis 1974 in Hessen","author":"Reinhold","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB36","first-page":"423","article-title":"Die Schweinepest in Niedersachsen","volume":"76","author":"Reppin","year":"1963","journal-title":"Berl. M\u00fcnch. tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB37","series-title":"Diseases of Swine","first-page":"177","article-title":"Hog cholera","author":"Dunne","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB38","first-page":"283","article-title":"Host response to persistent infection with hog cholera virus","author":"Mengeling","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB39","series-title":"Classical Swine Fever and Related Viral Infections","first-page":"1","article-title":"Description of the virus infection","author":"Van Oirschot","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB40","series-title":"Diagnosis and Epizootiology of Classical Swine Fever","first-page":"99","article-title":"The course of natural swine fever virus infection in individual swine and investigations on the development of inapparant SF infections","author":"Liess","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB41","first-page":"1720","article-title":"The changing picture of hog cholera","volume":"149","author":"Carbrey","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Am. vet. med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB42","first-page":"139","article-title":"Pathogenesis and epidemiology of hog cholera","volume":"18","author":"Liess","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Rech. V\u00e9t."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB43","first-page":"15","article-title":"Schweinepest","volume":"Vol. III\/1","author":"Fuchs","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB44","first-page":"457","article-title":"\u00dcber Ferkelkrankheiten","volume":"43","author":"Nusshag","year":"1927","journal-title":"Berl. M\u00fcnch. tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB45","first-page":"529","article-title":"\u00dcber die Auswirkungen der Simultanimpfung gegen Schweinepest in Zucht-und Mastbest\u00e4nden","volume":"63","author":"Michalka","year":"1931","journal-title":"Archs wissenschaftl. prakt. Tierhlk."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB46","series-title":"Hog Cholera\/Classical Swine Fever and African Swine Fever","first-page":"214","article-title":"Inapparant hog cholera infection following the inoculation of field isolates","author":"Carbrey","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB47","series-title":"Hog Cholera\/Classical Swine Fever and African Swine Fever","first-page":"448","article-title":"A review of the epidemiology and economics of swine fever eradication in the EEC","author":"Ellis","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB48_1","first-page":"397","article-title":"Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Europ\u00e4ische Schweinepest. V. Ermittlung inapparent infizierter Schweine in den Ferkelerzeugerbest\u00e4nden in drei Ortschaften Nordwest-Deutschlands","volume":"88","author":"Liess","year":"1975","journal-title":"Berl. M\u00fcnch. tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB48_2","first-page":"405","article-title":"Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Europ\u00e4ische Schweinepest. V. Ermittlung inapparent infizierter Schweine in den Ferkelerzeugerbest\u00e4nden in drei Ortschaften Nordwest-Deutschlands","volume":"88","author":"Liess","year":"1975","journal-title":"Berl. M\u00fcnch. tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(84)90054-0","article-title":"Persistent infections of hog cholera: a review","volume":"2","author":"Liess","year":"1984","journal-title":"Prevent. vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB50","first-page":"154","article-title":"Experimental transplacental transmission of hog cholera virus in pigs I. virological and serological studies","volume":"B27","author":"Frey","year":"1980","journal-title":"Zbl. vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB51","first-page":"140","article-title":"Experimentelle, diaplazentare Infektion von Schweinefeten mit dem Virus der Europ\u00e4ischen Schweinepest (ESP)","volume":"30","author":"Meyer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Fortsch. Veterin\u00e4rm."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB52","first-page":"659","article-title":"Experimental transplacental transmission of hog cholera virus in pigs. IV. Virological and serological studies in newborn piglets","volume":"28B","author":"Meyer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Zbl. vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(77)90003-7","article-title":"A congenital persistent swine fever infection. I. Clinical and virological observation","volume":"2","author":"Van Oirschot","year":"1977","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB54","series-title":"Hog Cholera\/Classical Swine Fever and African Swine Fever","first-page":"184","article-title":"Congenital swine fever infections. Preliminary results","author":"Van Oirschot","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB55","first-page":"420","article-title":"Bedeutung der Immuntoleranz f\u00fcr die Pathogenese der bovinen Virusdiarrhoe (BVD)","volume":"8","author":"Liess","year":"1985","journal-title":"Berl. M\u00fcnch. tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB56","first-page":"264","article-title":"Viruspersistenz\u2014ein Schl\u00fcsselph\u00e4nomen der BVD-Virusinfektion","volume":"95","author":"Liess","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dtsch. tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB57","first-page":"261","article-title":"The pathogenesis of chronic hog cholera (swine fever)","volume":"20","author":"Cheville","year":"1969","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB58","series-title":"Classical Swine Fever and Related Infections","first-page":"27","article-title":"Pathology and pathogenesis of the disease","author":"Trautwein","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB59","first-page":"1056","article-title":"Hog cholera in gnotobiotic pigs clinical signs and gross pathological findings in germfree and monocontaminated pigs","volume":"140","author":"Weide","year":"1962","journal-title":"J.A.V.M.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7_BIB60","first-page":"391","article-title":"Focal necrosis in the mucosa of the gall bladder in pigs with hog cholera","volume":"22","author":"Luedke","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am. J. vet. Res."}],"container-title":["Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0147957192900937?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0147957192900937?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,31]],"date-time":"2019-03-31T08:50:07Z","timestamp":1554022207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0147957192900937"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]}},"alternative-id":["0147957192900937"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0147-9571(92)90093-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-9571"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-9571","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]}}}