{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T12:44:17Z","timestamp":1754484257433},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,12,1]],"date-time":"1994-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":786240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Industrial Organization"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T04:11:32Z","timestamp":1027656692000},"page":"533-547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Bias in market R&amp;D portfolios"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Cabral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2307\/2951599","article-title":"A model of growth through creative destruction","volume":"60","author":"Aghion","year":"1992","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB2","series-title":"Discussion paper no. 872","article-title":"Risky R&D in oligopolistic product markets","author":"Bagwell","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB3","first-page":"107","article-title":"Research and development costs and returns: The U.S. pharmaceutical industry","volume":"4","author":"Baily","year":"1983","journal-title":"Managerial and Decision Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.2307\/2555484","article-title":"Portfolio choice in research and development","volume":"17","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rand Journal of Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB5","series-title":"Handbook of industrial organization","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S1573-448X(89)02006-6","article-title":"Empirical studies in innovation and market structure","author":"Cohen","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.2307\/2232925","article-title":"The simple economics of research portfolios","volume":"97","author":"Dasgupta","year":"1987","journal-title":"Economic Journal"},{"year":"1992","author":"Dranove","series-title":"Do important drugs reach the market sooner?","key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB7"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.2307\/2555497","article-title":"Optimal patent length and breadth","volume":"21","author":"Gilbert","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rand Journal of Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.2307\/1884215","article-title":"Pioneers, imitators, and generics, A simulation model of Schumpeterian competition","volume":"102","author":"Grabowski","year":"1987","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"year":"1970","author":"Hadley","series-title":"Antitrust in Japan","key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB10"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2307\/2555498","article-title":"How broad should the scope of patent protection be?","volume":"21","author":"Klemperer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rand Journal of Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2307\/2555633","article-title":"Is the market biased against risky R&D?","volume":"17","author":"Klette","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rand Journal of Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.2307\/1058486","article-title":"An analysis of the composition of R&D spending","volume":"49","author":"Link","year":"1982","journal-title":"Southern Economic Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/mde.4090060210","volume":"6","author":"Link","year":"1985","journal-title":"The changing composition of R&D Managerial and Decision Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.2307\/1883165","article-title":"Market structure and innovation","volume":"93","author":"Loury","year":"1979","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2307\/2555627","article-title":"Free entry and social inefficiency","volume":"17","author":"Mankiw","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rand Journal of Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.2307\/1935857","article-title":"Composition of R&D expenditures: Relationship to size of firm, concentration, and innovative output","volume":"63","author":"Mansfield","year":"1981","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"year":"1973","author":"Merton","article-title":"The sociology of science: Theoretical and empirical investigations","key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB18"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1086\/260107","article-title":"An evaluation of consumer protection legislation: The 1962 drug amendments","volume":"81","author":"Peltzman","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB20","series-title":"Handbook of industrial organization","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S1573-448X(89)01017-4","article-title":"The timing of innovation: Research development and diffusion","author":"Reinganum","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2307\/2555499","article-title":"Novelty and disclosure in patent law","volume":"21","author":"Scotchmer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rand Journal of Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2307\/2098412","article-title":"Purposive diversification of R&D in manufacturing","volume":"36","author":"Scott","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Industrial Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2190\/TW4Q-WEDA-2Q7V-RHAH","article-title":"The drug regulatory system of the United States food and drug administration: A defense of current requirements for safety and efficacy","volume":"4","author":"Simmons","year":"1974","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-X_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2307\/2555465","article-title":"Regulation and firm size: FDA impacts on innovation","volume":"21","author":"Thomas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rand Journal of Economics"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Industrial Organization"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:016771879490006X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:016771879490006X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T16:27:11Z","timestamp":1555086431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/016771879490006X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]}},"alternative-id":["016771879490006X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0167-7187(94)90006-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-7187"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0167-7187"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]}}}