{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:09:37Z","timestamp":1770509377368,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,8,1]],"date-time":"1998-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":901929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,8,1]],"date-time":"1998-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":901929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,28]],"date-time":"2010-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4532,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajp.amjpathol.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9440(10)65602-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,28]],"date-time":"2011-01-28T00:02:45Z","timestamp":1296172965000},"page":"599-610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Induction of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Microglial Responses Precede Selective Cell Death Induced by Chronic Impairment of Oxidative Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Noel Y.","family":"Calingasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Larry C.H.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leonard L.","family":"Calo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rosario R.","family":"Trifiletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samuel E.","family":"Gandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gary E.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib1","first-page":"513","article-title":"The role of oxidative abnormalities in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"147","author":"Blass","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10540","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.23.10540","article-title":"Excess brain protein oxidation and enzyme dysfunction in normal aging and in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"88","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3270","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.8.3270","article-title":"A model for \u03b2-amyloid aggregation and neurotoxicity based on free radical generation by the peptide: relevance to Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"91","author":"Hensley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(94)90079-5","article-title":"Free radicals, proteolysis and degeneration of neurons in Alzheimer's disease: how essential is the \u03b2-amyloid link?","volume":"15","author":"Nixon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(95)00213-L","article-title":"Free radical damage, iron, and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"134","author":"Smith","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(95)93897-7","article-title":"Radical ageing in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Smith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb09133.x","article-title":"Basal lipid peroxidation in substantia nigra is increased in Parkinson's disease","volume":"52","author":"Dexter","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380304","article-title":"Aging, energy, and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"38","author":"Beal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(88)90132-2","article-title":"Oxygen free radical involvement in ischemia and reperfusion injury to brain","volume":"88","author":"Cao","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib10","first-page":"357","article-title":"Localization of superoxide dismutases in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome neocortex and hippocampus","volume":"146","author":"Furuta","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/362059a0","article-title":"Mutations in Cu\/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"362","author":"Rosen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.63051855.x","article-title":"Ethanol-induced oxygen radical formation and lipid peroxidation in rat brain: effect of chronic alcohol consumption","volume":"63","author":"Montoliu","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1993.tb05668.x","article-title":"Thiamine-dependent enzyme changes in the brains of alcoholics: relationship to the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome","volume":"71","author":"Butterworth","year":"1993","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520320022009","article-title":"Reduced activities of thiamine-dependent enzymes in brains and peripheral tissues of Alzheimer patients","volume":"45","author":"Gibson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb07436.x","article-title":"Brain \u03b1-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"61","author":"Mastrogiacomo","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350311","article-title":"Abnormality of the \u03b1-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in fibroblasts from familial Alzheimer's disease","volume":"35","author":"Sheu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350212","article-title":"An immunohistochemical study on \u03b1-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in Parkinson's disease","volume":"35","author":"Mizuno","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1006\/neur.1996.0004","article-title":"Immunoreactive levels of \u03b1-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase subunits in Friedreich's ataxia and spinocerebellar ataxia type 1","volume":"5","author":"Mastrogiacomo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1995.1037","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier abnormalities in vulnerable brain regions during thiamine deficiency","volume":"134","author":"Calingasan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01991863","article-title":"Evidence for early blood-brain barrier breakdown in experimental thiamine deficiency in the mouse","volume":"10","author":"Harata","year":"1995","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00136-E","article-title":"Accumulation of amyloid precursor protein-like immunoreactivity in rat brain in response to thiamine deficiency","volume":"677","author":"Calingasan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib22","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Novel neuritic clusters with accumulations of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid precursor-like protein 2 immunoreactivity in brain regions damaged by thiamine deficiency","volume":"149","author":"Calingasan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02674735","article-title":"Increased cerebral free radical production during thiamine deficiency","volume":"12","author":"Langlais","year":"1997","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6338","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.14.6338","article-title":"Tissue injury caused by deposition of immune complexes is l-arginine dependent","volume":"88","author":"Mulligan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.41.4.552","article-title":"Aminoguanidine, a novel inhibitor of nitric oxide formation, prevents diabetic vascular dysfunction","volume":"41","author":"Corbet","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib26","series-title":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","first-page":"263","article-title":"An inflammatory role for nitric oxide during experimental meningitis in the rat","author":"Boje","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(95)00209-K","article-title":"The microglial cell: a historical review","volume":"134","author":"Barron","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.8.2736","article-title":"Activated microglia mediate neuronal cell injury via a nitric oxide mechanism","volume":"149","author":"Chao","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(93)90147-J","article-title":"A one-step immunohistochemical method for detection of blood-brain barrier disturbances for immunoglobulins in lesioned rat brain with special reference to false positive labelling in immunohistochemistry","volume":"46","author":"Schmidt-Kastner","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7797","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.17.7797","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase and neuronal NADPH diaphorase are identical in brain and peripheral tissue","volume":"88","author":"Dawson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.2148","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthases in neuronal cells, macrophages and endothelium are NADPH diaphorases, but represent only a fraction of total cellular NADPH diaphorase activity","volume":"195","author":"Tracey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90673-9","article-title":"A correlation between soluble brain nitric oxide synthase and NADPH-diaphorase activity is only seen after exposure of the tissue to fixative","volume":"155","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/29.4.6166661","article-title":"Use of avidin-biotin-peroxidase techniques: a comparison between ABC and unlabeled antibody (PAP) procedures","volume":"29","author":"Hsu","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1177\/38.11.2212623","article-title":"An improved staining method for rat microglial cells using the lectin from Griffonia simplicifolia (GSA I-B4)","volume":"38","author":"Streit","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(84)90046-0","article-title":"The regional distribution and cellular localization of iron in the rat brain","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1995.27","article-title":"Regional differences in late-onset iron deposition, ferritin, transferrin, astrocyte proliferation, and microglial activation after transient forebrain ischemia in rat brain","volume":"15","author":"Kondo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib37","first-page":"259","article-title":"Distribution of NADPH-diaphorase positive cells in the rat brain","volume":"97","author":"Leigh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90184-4","article-title":"Histochemical mapping of nitric oxide synthase in the rat brain","volume":"46","author":"Vincent","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06663-3","article-title":"Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology","volume":"43","author":"Moncada","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.23.8.1118","article-title":"Endothelium-derived nitric oxide synthase inhibition: effects on cerebral blood flow, pial artery diameter and vascular morphology in rats","volume":"23","author":"Prado","year":"1992","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib41","first-page":"891","article-title":"Nitrotyrosine immunolabeling is present in axons and glial processes in the globus pallidus of normal adult rat brain","volume":"22","author":"Trifiletti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294369","article-title":"Ferritin immunohistochemistry as a marker for microglia","volume":"79","author":"Kaneko","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199702000-00004","article-title":"Microglial cell activation in aging and Alzheimer Disease: partial linkage with neurofibrillary tangle burden in the hippocampus","volume":"56","author":"DiPatre","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1159\/000139202","article-title":"Effects of inhibition of nitric oxide synthase on blood-brain barrier transport in focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"48","author":"Chi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3393","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.8.3393","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of immunoglobulins from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients on a hybrid motoneuron cell line","volume":"91","author":"Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(90)90011-B","article-title":"Internalization of plasma proteins by cerebellar Purkinje cells","volume":"100","author":"Fishman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib47","first-page":"47","article-title":"Modulation of central nervous system metabolism by macromolecules: effects of albumin and histones on glucose oxidation by synaptosomes","volume":"7","author":"Tildon","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Assoc Acad Minor Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib48","first-page":"S136A","article-title":"Evidence that oxidative stress plays a role in neuronal cell death due to thiamine deficiency","volume":"69","author":"Todd","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.4.1620","article-title":"Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide","volume":"87","author":"Beckman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.64062458.x","article-title":"Hypoxia alters iron homeostasis and induces ferritin synthesis in oligodendrocytes","volume":"64","author":"Qi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3109\/10731199409117415","article-title":"Heme and the vasculature: an oxidative hazard that induces antioxidant defenses in the endothelium","volume":"22","author":"Vercellotti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Artif Cells Blood Subst Immobil Biotech"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.8.1373","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in vascular cells after transient focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"27","author":"Iadecola","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68062227.x","article-title":"Nitric oxide-mediated mitochondrial damage in the brain: mechanisms and implications for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"68","author":"Bola\u00f1os","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib54","first-page":"21","article-title":"Evidence of neuronal oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"149","author":"Good","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-08-02653.1997","article-title":"Widespread peroxynitrite-mediated damage in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00469-9","article-title":"What nitrates tyrosine? Is nitrotyrosine specific as a biomarker of peroxynitrite formation in vivo?","volume":"411","author":"Halliwell","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33352","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.52.33352","article-title":"Role of H and L subunits in mouse ferritin","volume":"271","author":"Rucker","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib58","first-page":"782","article-title":"Ferritin protects endothelial cells from oxidized low density lipoprotein in vitro","volume":"147","author":"Juckett","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02252926","article-title":"Brain iron and ferritin in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases","volume":"2","author":"Jellinger","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00334497","article-title":"Ferritin is a component of the neuritic (senile) plaque in Alzheimer's dementia","volume":"81","author":"Grundke-Iqbal","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib61","first-page":"589","article-title":"A comparative immunohistochemical study of kuru and senile plaques with a special reference to glial reactions at various stages of amyloid plaque formation","volume":"139","author":"Miyazono","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903380108","article-title":"Ferritin, transferrin, and iron in selected regions of adult, and aged rat brain","volume":"338","author":"Benkovic","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11141","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.23.11141","article-title":"Cloned, expressed rat cerebellar nitric oxide synthase contains stoichiometric amounts of heme, which binds carbon monoxide","volume":"89","author":"McMillan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199606)17:2<83::AID-GLIA1>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Relationship of iron to oligodendrocytes and myelination","volume":"17","author":"Connor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00470-8","article-title":"Iron deposits in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease brains","volume":"760","author":"LeVine","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(95)03605-9","article-title":"Ferritin as a source of iron and protection from iron-induced toxicities","volume":"82\u201383","author":"Aust","year":"1995","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.104.2.521","article-title":"Receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin at the blood-brain barrier","volume":"104","author":"Roberts","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1984.tb09728.x","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation in vivo induced by reversible global ischemia in rat brain","volume":"42","author":"Watson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(86)80171-8","article-title":"Brain iron delocalization and lipid peroxidation following cardiac arrest","volume":"15","author":"Komara","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1355616","article-title":"Protein oxidation and aging","volume":"257","author":"Stadtman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00607-0","article-title":"Regional distribution of iron, transferrin, ferritin, and oxidatively modified proteins in young and aged Fischer 344 rat brains","volume":"79","author":"Focht","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9866","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.18.9866","article-title":"Iron accumulation in Alzheimer's disease is a source of redox-generated free radicals","volume":"94","author":"Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(95)00206-H","article-title":"Cellular management of iron in the brain","volume":"134","author":"Connor","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib74","series-title":"Biology and Pathology of Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions","first-page":"359","article-title":"Glial activation as a common denominator in neurodegenerative disease: a hypothesis in neuropathophysiology","author":"Griffin","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1159\/000112098","article-title":"Surveillance, intervention, and cytotoxicity: is there a protective role of microglia?","volume":"16","author":"Banati","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00327-2","article-title":"Factors produced by activated macrophages reduce accumulation of Alzheimer's \u03b2-amyloid protein in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"760","author":"MazurKolecka","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-05-01664.1990","article-title":"Protective effects of the glutamate antagonist MK-801 on pyrithiamine-induced lesions and amino acid changes in rat brain","volume":"10","author":"Langlais","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)12541-6","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase activities are selectively decreased in vulnerable brain regions in thiamine deficiency","volume":"208","author":"Rao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944010656027?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002944010656027?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T14:29:30Z","timestamp":1757600970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002944010656027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002944010656027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9440(10)65602-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Induction of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Microglial Responses Precede Selective Cell Death Induced by Chronic Impairment of Oxidative Metabolism","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The American Journal of Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65602-7","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1998 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}