{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:20:02Z","timestamp":1773282002388,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780081000946","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,2]],"date-time":"2015-10-02T20:42:19Z","timestamp":1443818539000},"page":"129-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cell-based in vitro models for ocular permeability studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Te\u00f3filo","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara Baptista","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Domingos","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Pintado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib1","first-page":"451","article-title":"Modulation of retinal capillary endothelial cells by Muller glial cell-derived factors","volume":"15","author":"Abukawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecular Vision"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7148","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6374","article-title":"Induction of differentiation by pyruvate and DMEM in the human retinal pigment epithelium cell line ARPE-19","volume":"52","author":"Ahmado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib3","first-page":"584","article-title":"Importance of the noncorneal absorption route in topical ophthalmic drug delivery","volume":"26","author":"Ahmed","year":"1985","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21638","article-title":"Maintaining blood\u2013brain barrier integrity: pericytes perform better than astrocytes during prolonged oxygen deprivation","volume":"218","author":"Al Ahmad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1021\/pr050420t","article-title":"Differential protein profiling of primary versus immortalized human RPE cells identifies expression patterns associated with cytoskeletal remodeling and cell survival","volume":"5","author":"Alge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Proteome Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2006.07.022","article-title":"Industrial perspective in ocular drug delivery","volume":"58","author":"Ali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib7","first-page":"614","article-title":"An SV40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line and its characterization","volume":"36","author":"Araki-Sasaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib8","series-title":"Encyclopedia of the eye","first-page":"522","article-title":"Cornea overview","author":"Asbell","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00033-2","article-title":"Comparison of ultrastructure, tight junction-related protein expression and barrier function of human corneal epithelial cells cultivated on amniotic membrane with and without air-lifting","volume":"76","author":"Ban","year":"2003","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib10","first-page":"238","article-title":"Ocular drug delivery; impact of in vitro cell culture models","volume":"4","author":"Barar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Visual Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.5.5.567","article-title":"Ocular novel drug delivery: impacts of membranes and barriers","volume":"5","author":"Barar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2010.00772.x","article-title":"The new paradigm: retinal pigment epithelium cells generated from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"24","author":"Bharti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib13","first-page":"149","article-title":"The blood-aqueous barrier","volume":"105","author":"Bill","year":"1986","journal-title":"Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.01.016","article-title":"Studying melanin and lipofuscin in RPE cell culture models","volume":"126","author":"Boulton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.10.001","article-title":"Clinical staining of the ocular surface: mechanisms and interpretations","author":"Bron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.10.013","article-title":"Mouse retinal pigmented epithelial cell lines retain their phenotypic characteristics after transfection with human papilloma virus: a new tool to further the study of RPE biology","volume":"88","author":"Catanuto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-87-21406","article-title":"Continuous subcultivation of epithelial-like cells from normal human tissues","volume":"87","author":"Chang","year":"1954","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2007.04.005","article-title":"Multi-layered culture of primary human conjunctival epithelial cells producing MUC5AC","volume":"85","author":"Chung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1993.1156","article-title":"Tissue culture of rabbit ciliary body epithelial cells on permeable supports","volume":"57","author":"Cilluffo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1159\/000070047","article-title":"Multilayer primary epithelial cell culture from bovine conjunctiva as a model for in vitro toxicity tests","volume":"35","author":"Civiale","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib21","series-title":"The tear film","first-page":"18","article-title":"Chapter 2-Structure and function of the preocular tear film","author":"Craig","year":"2002"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0300800","article-title":"Conditionally immortalized cell lines as model systems for high-throughput biology in drug discovery","volume":"30","author":"Daniele","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochemical Society Transactions"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib23","first-page":"955","article-title":"A human retinal pigment epithelial cell line that retains epithelial characteristics after prolonged culture","volume":"36","author":"Davis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.10.006","article-title":"Comparison of morphological and functional characteristics of primary-cultured human conjunctival epithelium and of Wong-Kilbourne derivative of Chang conjunctival cell line","volume":"78","author":"De Saint Jean","year":"2004","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2007.11.002","article-title":"Current and future ophthalmic drug delivery systems. A\u00a0shift to the posterior segment","volume":"13","author":"Del Amo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Discovery Today"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4263","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0560","article-title":"Characterization of a spontaneously immortalized cell line (IOBA-NHC) from normal human conjunctiva","volume":"44","author":"Diebold","year":"2003","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.01.027","article-title":"Brain pericytes contribute to the induction and up-regulation of blood\u2013brain barrier functions through transforming growth factor-beta production","volume":"1038","author":"Dohgu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1996.0020","article-title":"ARPE-19, a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line with differentiated properties","volume":"62","author":"Dunn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2012.07.011","article-title":"A human hemi-cornea model for eye irritation testing: quality control of production, reliability and predictive capacity","volume":"27","author":"Engelke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicology In Vitro"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.07.007","article-title":"Cytokine responses by conjunctival epithelial cells: an in vitro model of ocular inflammation","volume":"44","author":"Enriquez-de-Salamanca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-1146","article-title":"Production of fibronectin and tenascin isoforms and their role in the adhesion of human immortalized corneal epithelial cells","volume":"44","author":"Filenius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib32","first-page":"73","article-title":"Replacement, reduction and refinement","volume":"19","author":"Flecknell","year":"2002","journal-title":"ALTEX"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2007.00204.x","article-title":"A review of the role of glial cells in understanding retinal disease","volume":"91","author":"Fletcher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib34","first-page":"1767","article-title":"Beta adrenergic receptors on cultured human retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"31","author":"Frambach","year":"1990","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.10.004","article-title":"A contemporary concept of the blood-aqueous barrier","volume":"32","author":"Freddo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-010-9183-3","article-title":"Ocular drug delivery","volume":"12","author":"Gaudana","year":"2010","journal-title":"AAPS Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689509003753","article-title":"Electrical resistance and macromolecular permeability of retinal capillary endothelial cells in vitro","volume":"14","author":"Gillies","year":"1995","journal-title":"Current Eye Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(03)31001-0","article-title":"Role of mucins in the function of the corneal and conjunctival epithelia","volume":"231","author":"Gipson","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Review of Cytology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0851","article-title":"Mucin gene expression in immortalized human corneal-limbal and conjunctival epithelial cell lines","volume":"44","author":"Gipson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.07.004","article-title":"Development of a serum-free human cornea construct for in vitro drug absorption studies: the influence of varying cultivation parameters on barrier characteristics","volume":"416","author":"Hahne","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10030","article-title":"Comparative observations on corneas, with special reference to bowman's layer and descemet's membrane in mammals and amphibians","volume":"254","author":"Hayashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Morphology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2005.01.009","article-title":"Cell culture models of the ocular barriers","volume":"60","author":"Hornof","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.12.007","article-title":"Roles of the conjunctiva in ocular drug delivery: a review of conjunctival transport mechanisms and their regulation","volume":"60","author":"Hosoya","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2000.0941","article-title":"Conditionally immortalized retinal capillary endothelial cell lines (TR-iBRB) expressing differentiated endothelial cell functions derived from a transgenic rat","volume":"72","author":"Hosoya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.4.4.371","article-title":"Novel approaches to retinal drug delivery","volume":"4","author":"Janoria","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/5056","article-title":"Telomerase expression in human somatic cells does not induce changes associated with a transformed phenotype","volume":"21","author":"Jiang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib47","first-page":"43","article-title":"MUC5AC mucin is a component ofthe human precorneal tear film","volume":"40","author":"Jumblatt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30089","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030089","article-title":"Efflux protein expression in human stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"7","author":"Juuti-Uusitalo","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2006.11.031","article-title":"Molecular evidence and functional expression of a novel drug efflux pump (ABCC2) in human corneal epithelium and rabbit cornea and its role in ocular drug efflux","volume":"336","author":"Karla","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.02.001","article-title":"Molecular basis of the inner blood-retinal barrier and its breakdown in diabetic macular edema and other pathological conditions","volume":"34","author":"Klaassen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S1876-1623(08)78002-7","article-title":"The architecture of the cornea and structural basis of its transparency","volume":"78","author":"Knupp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3390\/polym3010193","article-title":"Recent advances in ocular drug delivery systems","volume":"3","author":"Kuno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"5540","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/259211a0","article-title":"Examination of ATCC stocks for HeLa marker chromosomes in human cell lines","volume":"259","author":"Lavappa","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e328330ccb9","article-title":"Recent advances in drug delivery systems for treating ocular complications of systemic diseases","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2010.04.001","article-title":"Filter-cultured ARPE-19 cells as outer blood\u2013retinal barrier model","volume":"40","author":"Mannermaa","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-009-9890-6","article-title":"Efflux protein expression in human retinal pigment epithelium cell lines","volume":"26","author":"Mannermaa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib57","first-page":"133","article-title":"A comparative study of Bowman's layer in some mammals: relationships with other constituent corneal structures","volume":"6","author":"Merindano","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Journal of Anatomy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00175-1","article-title":"Development of genetically engineered tet HPV16-E6\/E7 transduced human corneal epithelial clones having tight regulation of proliferation and normal differentiation","volume":"77","author":"Mohan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.104.1.37","article-title":"Immortalization of polarized rat retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"104","author":"Nabi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2008.12.002","article-title":"A new blood\u2013brain barrier model using primary rat brain endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes","volume":"54","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurochemistry International"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-007-9195-4","article-title":"Pericytes from brain microvessels strengthen the barrier integrity in primary cultures of rat brain endothelial cells","volume":"27","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib62","first-page":"1","article-title":"Incomplete belts of tight junctions in cultured non-pigmented human ciliary epithelial cells","volume":"27","author":"Noske","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology and Pathology"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib63","first-page":"279","article-title":"Characterisation and functional features of a spontaneously\u00a0immortalised human corneal epithelial cell line with progenitor-like characteristics","volume":"81","author":"Notara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain\u00a0Research Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.10.005","article-title":"Development of immortalized rat conjunctival epithelial cell lines: an in vitro model to examine transepithelial antigen delivery","volume":"84","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(02)00935-4","article-title":"Liquid chromatographic-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of neutral and charged polyethylene glycols","volume":"976","author":"Palmgren","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography A"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib66","series-title":"Retina","first-page":"1909","article-title":"Chapter 113-Fluid physiology of the subretinal space","author":"Pederson","year":"2006"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib67","first-page":"1622","article-title":"In vitro differentiation capacity of telomerase immortalized human RPE cells","volume":"43","author":"Rambhatla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025754026449","article-title":"Ocular pharmacokinetic modeling using corneal absorption and desorption rates from in vitro permeation experiments with cultured corneal epithelial cells","volume":"20","author":"Ranta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.028225","article-title":"Human corneal equivalent as cell culture model for in vitro drug permeation studies","volume":"88","author":"Reichl","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(02)00541-0","article-title":"The use of a porcine organotypic cornea construct for permeation studies from formulations containing befunolol hydrochloride","volume":"250","author":"Reichl","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.12.018","article-title":"Barrier properties of cultured retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"126","author":"Rizzolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71404-7","article-title":"Conjunctival epithelial cell hypermitosis and goblet cell hyperplasia in atopic keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"116","author":"Roat","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1177\/026119299502300306","article-title":"The development of the three Rs concept","volume":"23","author":"Russell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alternatives to Laboratory Animals"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689608995151","article-title":"A primary culture model of rabbit conjunctival epithelial cells exhibiting tight barrier properties","volume":"15","author":"Saha","year":"1996","journal-title":"Current Eye Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689608995152","article-title":"Permeability characteristics of primary cultured rabbit conjunctival epithelial cells to low molecular weight drugs","volume":"15","author":"Saha","year":"1996","journal-title":"Current Eye Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1998.0483","article-title":"Ciliary muscle capillaries have blood-tissue barrier characteristics","volume":"66","author":"Schlingemann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623307310955","article-title":"Safety evaluation of ocular drug delivery formulations: techniques and practical considerations","volume":"36","author":"Short","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicologic Pathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0925","article-title":"Functional characterization and comparison of the outer blood-retina barrier and the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"46","author":"Steuer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.07.033","article-title":"Generation of hESC-derived retinal pigment epithelium on biopolymer coated polyimide membranes","volume":"33","author":"Subrizi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib80","series-title":"Encyclopedia of the eye","first-page":"42","article-title":"Drug delivery to cornea and conjunctiva: esterase- and protease-directed prodrug design","author":"Talluri","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0939-6411(01)00123-0","article-title":"Reconstruction of an in vitro cornea and its use for drug permeation studies from different formulations containing pilocarpine hydrochloride","volume":"51","author":"Tegtmeyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00302-8","article-title":"Retinal pigment epithelium cell culture on surface modified poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) thin films","volume":"24","author":"Tezcaner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.09.025","article-title":"Elastic modulus and collagen organization of the rabbit cornea: epithelium to\u00a0endothelium","volume":"10","author":"Thomasy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00179.2003","article-title":"The expression of native and cultured RPE grown on different matrices","volume":"17","author":"Tian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiological Genomics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib85","first-page":"2942","article-title":"Culture model of human corneal epithelium for prediction of ocular drug absorption","volume":"42","author":"Toropainen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0987(03)00173-8","article-title":"Paracellular and passive transcellular permeability in immortalized human corneal epithelial cell culture model","volume":"20","author":"Toropainen","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2003.00670.x","article-title":"Transendothelial electrical resistance of bovine retinal capillary endothelial cells is influenced by cell growth patterns: an ultrastructural study","volume":"31","author":"Tretiach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.12.026","article-title":"Effect of Muller cell co-culture on in vitro permeability of bovine retinal vascular endothelium in normoxic and hypoxic conditions","volume":"378","author":"Tretiach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(96)00030-4","article-title":"Conjunctival epithelial cells in culture-growth and globlet cell differentiation","volume":"16","author":"Tsai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70195-7","article-title":"In vitro alternatives to the use of animals in ocular toxicology testing","volume":"3","author":"Ubels","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ocular Surface"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2006.07.027","article-title":"Challenges and obstacles of ocular pharmacokinetics and drug delivery","volume":"58","author":"Urtti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(93)90141-S","article-title":"Minimizing systemic absorption of topically administered ophthalmic drugs","volume":"37","author":"Urtti","year":"1993","journal-title":"Survey of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.06.044","article-title":"A critical assessment of in vitro tissue models for ADME and drug delivery","volume":"190","author":"Vellonen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Controlled Release"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.10.007","article-title":"Expression analysis of MDR1, BCRP and MRP3 transporter proteins in different in vitro and ex vivo cornea models for drug absorption studies","volume":"441","author":"Verstraelen","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.12.003","article-title":"A novel co-culture model of the blood-retinal barrier based on primary retinal endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes","volume":"96","author":"Wisniewska-Kruk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.16.8.761.8991","article-title":"Physiological transport properties of cultured retinal microvascular endothelial cell monolayers","volume":"16","author":"Yaccino","year":"1997","journal-title":"Current Eye Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2239","article-title":"Genomic aberrations and cellular heterogeneity in SV40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells","volume":"50","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(99)00226-6","article-title":"Meeting future challenges in topical ocular drug delivery: development of an air-interfaced primary culture of rabbit conjunctival epithelial cells on a permeable support for drug transport studies","volume":"65","author":"Yang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Controlled Release"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6413","article-title":"Polarized secretion of PEDF from human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE promotes retinal progenitor cell survival","volume":"52","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"}],"container-title":["Concepts and Models for Drug Permeability Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:B9780081000946000092?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:B9780081000946000092?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T16:21:05Z","timestamp":1653236465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/B9780081000946000092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"ISBN":["9780081000946"],"references-count":99,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-08-100094-6.00009-2","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}