{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T01:24:32Z","timestamp":1771896272673,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780081009864","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,15]],"date-time":"2016-10-15T19:51:48Z","timestamp":1476561108000},"page":"165-209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Copper Slag in Cement Manufacture and as Cementitious Material"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Ravindra K.","family":"Dhir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge de","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raman","family":"Mangabhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chao Qun","family":"Lye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Ground copper slag as a supplementary cementing material and its influence on the fresh properties of self-consolidating concrete","volume":"7","author":"Afshoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"The IES Journal Part A: Civil & Structural Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2014.10.004","article-title":"Use of nano-structured waste materials for improving mechanical, physical and structural properties of cement mortar","volume":"73","author":"Al-Jabri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1520\/CCA10485J","article-title":"Use of copper slag and cement by-pass dust as cementitious materials","volume":"24","author":"Al-Jabri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cement Concrete and Aggregates"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.090","article-title":"Effect of copper slag as a fine aggregate on the properties of cement mortars and concrete","volume":"25","author":"Al-Jabri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2009.04.007","article-title":"Copper slag as sand replacement for high performance concrete","volume":"31","author":"Al-Jabri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cement & Concrete Composites"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2008.12.013","article-title":"Performance of high strength concrete made with copper slag as a fine aggregate","volume":"23","author":"Al-Jabri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.020","article-title":"Effect of copper slag and cement by-pass dust addition on mechanical properties of concrete","volume":"20","author":"Al-Jabri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1680\/adcr.12.00004","article-title":"Potentials of copper slag utilisation in the manufacture of ordinary Portland cement","volume":"25","author":"Ali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Advances in Cement Research"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.02.056","article-title":"Utilization of flotation wastes of copper slag as raw material in cement production","volume":"159","author":"Alp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.092","article-title":"Studies on ultra high performance concrete incorporating copper slag as fine aggregate","volume":"77","author":"Ambily","year":"2015","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib11","first-page":"68","article-title":"Effect of ground copper slag on strength and toughness of cementitious mixes","volume":"96","author":"Arino","year":"1999","journal-title":"ACI Materials Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib12","series-title":"Standard Specification for Portland Cement","author":"ASTM-C150","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib13","series-title":"Standard Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement","author":"ASTM-C151","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib14","series-title":"Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete\u2019s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration","author":"ASTM-C1202","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib15","first-page":"141","volume":"vol. 192","author":"Ayano","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib16","series-title":"7th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Paris, France","first-page":"37","article-title":"The study of a non traditional pozzolan: copper slags","author":"Baragano","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib17","series-title":"RILEM International Workshop on Performance-Based Specification and Control of Concrete Durability, Zagreb, Croatia","first-page":"647","article-title":"Durability and strength assessment of copper slag concrete","author":"Boakye","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib18","series-title":"National Conference on Emerging Trends in Civil Engineering (NCETCE-10). K.S.R. College of Engineering, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India","first-page":"146","article-title":"Buckling strength of RCC column incorporating copper slag as partial replacement for cement","author":"Brindha","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib19","series-title":"World CEMENT Production 2014 by Region and Main Countries","author":"CEMBUREAU","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib20","author":"CSIR","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib21","first-page":"29","article-title":"A study on copper slag road cement","volume":"2","author":"Dai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Jiangsu Building Materials"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.1830","article-title":"Use of recycled copper slag for blended cements","volume":"83","author":"de Rojas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib23","first-page":"925","article-title":"Leaching characteristics of blended mortars containing copper slags","volume":"221","author":"de Rojas","year":"2004","journal-title":"ACI Special Publication"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.061","article-title":"The regeneration of cement out of completely recyclable concrete: clinker production evaluation","volume":"38","author":"De Schepper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2014.02.067","article-title":"The hydration of cement regenerated from completely recyclable concrete","volume":"60","author":"De Schepper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001133","article-title":"Use of secondary slags in completely recyclable concrete","volume":"27","author":"De Schepper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib27","series-title":"Designing Green Cement Plants","article-title":"Feasibility of using alternative fuels in cement kilns","author":"Deolalkar","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib28","first-page":"1525","article-title":"Pozzolanic properties of Canadian non-ferrous slags","volume":"91","author":"Douglas","year":"1986","journal-title":"ACI Special Publication"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib29","series-title":"Energy, Mines, and Resources Canada","first-page":"371","article-title":"A review of the properties and strength development of non-ferrous slags \u2013 Portland cement binders","author":"Douglas","year":"1987"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1520\/CCA10037J","article-title":"Cementitious properties of nonferrous slags from Canadian sources","volume":"7","author":"Douglas","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cement, Concrete and Aggregates"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib31","series-title":"Methods of Testing Cement \u2013 Part 3: Determination of Setting Times and Soundness","author":"EN-196","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib32","series-title":"Cement \u2013 Composition, Specifications and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements","author":"EN-197","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib33","series-title":"Eurocode 2 \u2013 Design of Concrete Structures: Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings","author":"EN-1992-1-1","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4","article-title":"Characteristics and utilisation of copper slag \u2013 a review","volume":"39","author":"Gorai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib35","series-title":"Environment Agency","article-title":"Technical Guidance WM3 \u2013Guidance on the Classification and Assessment of Waste","author":"GOV.UK","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib36","first-page":"177","article-title":"Discussion on using waste residue to produce new standard cement","volume":"17","author":"Hong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arid Environmental Monitoring"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.034","article-title":"Preparation of autoclaved aerated concrete using copper tailings and blast furnace slag","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib38","series-title":"Cement Roadmap","author":"IEA","year":"2009"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8846(96)00143-3","article-title":"A study on the burnability and the phase formation of PC clinker containing Cu oxide","volume":"26","author":"Kakali","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cement and Concrete Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(00)00077-X","article-title":"Recycling of municipal solid waste for cement production: pilot-scale test for transforming incineration ash of solid waste into cement clinker","volume":"31","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib41","first-page":"205","article-title":"CuO and ZnO addition in the cement raw mix: effect on clinkering process and cement hydration and properties","volume":"49","author":"Kolovos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ceramics \u2013 Silikaty"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib42","series-title":"Cement and Concrete Chemistry","author":"Kurdowski","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib43","first-page":"757","article-title":"Utilization of incineration waste ash residues in portland cement clinker","volume":"21","author":"Lam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Transactions"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib44","first-page":"189","article-title":"A study on the corrosion resistance of concrete containing copper slag","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of The Korea Institute for Structural Maintenance and Inspection"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.4334\/JKCI.2003.15.3.361","article-title":"A study on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete with ferro copper slag","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib46","series-title":"Blended Cements in Construction","first-page":"163","article-title":"Chemical changes in the pore-solution of cement pastes with slag addition of copper","author":"Lorenzo","year":"1991"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2010.12.001","article-title":"Supplementary cementitious materials","volume":"41","author":"Lothenbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cement and Concrete Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib48","first-page":"380","article-title":"Characterization of chemical and physical parameters of post copper slag","volume":"9","author":"Lowinska-Kluge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Central European Journal of Physics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2010.08.009","article-title":"Effect of CuO on the formation of clinker minerals and the hydration properties","volume":"40","author":"Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cement and Concrete Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib50","first-page":"77","article-title":"Optimization of copper slag waste content in blended cement production","volume":"51","author":"Marku","year":"2010","journal-title":"Za\u0161tita Materijala"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib51","series-title":"14th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology (CEST 2015), Rhodes, Greece","article-title":"Properties of concrete containing waste copper slag as a fine aggregate replacement","author":"Mavroulidou","year":"2015"},{"issue":"281","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3989\/mc.2006.v56.i281.90","article-title":"Use of copper slag in the manufacture of Portland cement","volume":"56","author":"Medina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Materiales de Construcci\u00f3n"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib53","series-title":"Materials Engineering Conference, Materials for the New Millenium, Washington, DC, USA","first-page":"1677","article-title":"Effect of copper slag on the hydration of blended cementitious mixtures","author":"Mobasher","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib54","series-title":"1st International Conference on Concrete Technology, Tabriz, Iran","article-title":"Comparing the effect of using the copper blast furnace slag and taftan pozzolan on concrete properties to the age of 6 months","author":"Mohsenian","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib55","series-title":"1st International Conference on Concrete Technology, Tabriz, Iran","article-title":"The study of bending strength of concrete containing copper slag and pozzolan to the age of 6 months","author":"Mohsenian","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib56","series-title":"1st International Conference on Concrete Technology, Tabriz, Iran","article-title":"The study of comparison in use of copper slag and taftan pozzolan in concrete with a view to the hydration temperature","author":"Mohsenian","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X0302100104","article-title":"The use of by-products from metallurgical and mineral industries as filler in cement-based materials","volume":"21","author":"Moosberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Waste Management & Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib58","first-page":"81","article-title":"Concrete performance with admixtures of electrical steel slag and copper slag concerning mechanical properties","volume":"186","author":"Moura","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Concrete Institute Special Publication"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-006-0997-4","article-title":"Copper slag waste as a supplementary cementing material to concrete","volume":"42","author":"Moura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s10163-014-0254-x","article-title":"Use of waste copper slag, a sustainable material","volume":"17","author":"Murari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1680\/macr.2011.63.8.605","article-title":"Properties of concrete containing copper slag waste","volume":"63","author":"Najimi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Magazine of Concrete Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.067","article-title":"Durability of copper slag contained concrete exposed to sulfate attack","volume":"25","author":"Najimi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib63","first-page":"85","article-title":"Effect of type cement on the mechanical strength of copper slag mortars","volume":"66","author":"Nazer","year":"2013","journal-title":"REM: Revista Escola de Minas"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib64","series-title":"International Conference on Solid Waste \u2013 Moving Towards Sustainable Resource Management, Hong Kong","first-page":"276","article-title":"Some properties of cement-copper tailings pastes and mortars","author":"Onuaguluchi","year":"2011"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib65","first-page":"1029","article-title":"Cement mixtures containing copper tailings as an additive: durability properties","volume":"15","author":"Onuaguluchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Materials Research \u2013 Ibero-American Journal of Materials"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib66","first-page":"79","article-title":"Copper tailings as a potential additive in concrete: consistency, strength and toxic metal immobilization properties","volume":"19","author":"Onuaguluchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1680\/macr.11.00170","article-title":"Durability-related properties of mortar and concrete containing copper tailings as a cement replacement material","volume":"64","author":"Onuaguluchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magazine of Concrete Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2012.08.009","article-title":"Recycling of copper tailings as an additive in cement mortars","volume":"37","author":"Onuaguluchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib69","series-title":"9th International Congress on Advances in Civil Engineering","article-title":"Utilization of copper processing waste as partial replacement of cement in concrete","author":"Onuaguluchi","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib70","series-title":"5th International Symposium on Waste Processing and Recycling in the Mineral and Metallurgical Industries","first-page":"489","article-title":"A review of copper pyrometallurgical slags utilization","author":"Pavez","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib71","series-title":"Basic Research Statistics (Book 2)","author":"Piaw","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib72","series-title":"Study of the Feasibility of Incorporating Copper Slag as Fine Aggregate in Construction Products","author":"Resende","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib73","first-page":"58","article-title":"Use of copper slag","author":"Sahu","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Cement Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib74","article-title":"An investigation on the properties of fresh self-compacting copper slag concrete","author":"Sharifi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Department of Civil Engineering"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2008.06.008","article-title":"Utilization of copper slag in cement and concrete","volume":"52","author":"Shi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.035","article-title":"Quantification of CO2 sequestration capacity and carbonation rate of alkaline industrial byproducts","volume":"91","author":"Siriwardena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib77","first-page":"99","article-title":"Experimental investigation on compressive and flexural behaviour of copper slag based blended cement","volume":"32","author":"Siva","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-2916.2012.05168.x","article-title":"Clinkering reactions during firing of recyclable concrete","volume":"95","author":"Snellings","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib79","first-page":"250","article-title":"An experimental of strength properties of concrete admixed with copper slag","volume":"6","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib80","series-title":"Utilisation of Copper Slag for Cement Manufacture","author":"Supekar","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib81","first-page":"157","article-title":"The effect of ground copper slag on the hydration kinetics and mechanical properties of Portland pozzolana cement","volume":"55","author":"Suresh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2012.08.012","article-title":"Efficiency of grinding stabilizers in cement clinker processing","volume":"43\u201344","author":"Sverak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Minerals Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib83","first-page":"98","article-title":"Utilization of copper slag in the cement industry","volume":"55","author":"Taeb","year":"2002","journal-title":"ZKG International"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2003.10.005","article-title":"An overview of waste materials recycling in the Sultanate of Oman","volume":"41","author":"Taha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Resources Conservation and Recycling"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2006.07.028","article-title":"Evaluation of controlled low strength materials containing industrial by-products","volume":"42","author":"Taha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib86","first-page":"236","article-title":"The initial study on using copper slag as additional material for cement production","volume":"21","author":"Tan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Xinjiang Institute of Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib87","series-title":"Cement Chemistry","author":"Taylor","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.075","article-title":"Strength and durability characteristics of copper tailing concrete","volume":"48","author":"Thomas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1520\/CCA10512J","article-title":"Characterization of high-calcium fly ashes and their potential influence on ettringite formation in cementitious systems","volume":"21","author":"Tishmack","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cement Concrete and Aggregates"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib90","series-title":"Microstructural Development and Sulfate Attack Modeling in Blended Cement-Based Materials","author":"Tixier","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.09.102","article-title":"Effect of sample preparation on contaminant leaching from copper smelting slag","volume":"197","author":"Vitkova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1617\/s11527-010-9689-2","article-title":"Physical properties and reactivity of pozzolans, and their influence on the properties of lime-pozzolan pastes","volume":"44","author":"Walker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Materials and Structures"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib93","first-page":"582","article-title":"Research on the chemical characteristic of activated copper slag and the hydration and hardening of its cement","author":"Weicai","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chinese Ceramic Society"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.001","article-title":"Mechanical properties of copper slag reinforced concrete under dynamic compression","volume":"24","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib95","first-page":"94","article-title":"Copper slag with high MgO as pozzolanic material: soundness, pozzolanic activity and microstructure development","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Wuhan University of Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.08.078","article-title":"Design requirements and performance optimization of waste heat recovery systems for rotary kilns","volume":"93","author":"Yin","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2003.08.002","article-title":"Cement-based solidification for the safe disposal of blasted copper slag","volume":"26","author":"Zain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cement and Concrete Composites"}],"container-title":["Sustainable Construction Materials: Copper Slag"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:B9780081009864000055?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:B9780081009864000055?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T13:56:57Z","timestamp":1749650217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/B9780081009864000055"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"ISBN":["9780081009864"],"references-count":97,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-08-100986-4.00005-5","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}