{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T13:56:48Z","timestamp":1760623008630},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780081009864","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,15]],"date-time":"2016-10-15T19:51:48Z","timestamp":1476561108000},"page":"211-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Use of Copper Slag in Geotechnical Applications"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Ravindra K.","family":"Dhir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge de","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raman","family":"Mangabhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chao Qun","family":"Lye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1520\/GTJ11363J","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of various additives used in the stabilized of expansive soils","volume":"25","author":"Al-Rawas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geotechnical Testing Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib3","series-title":"Quick Reference Guide 1 \u2013 Road Guide Supplement on General Applications","author":"Australasian Slag Association","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib4","series-title":"Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)","author":"ASTM D2487","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib5","first-page":"54","article-title":"Study on California bearing ratio of black cotton soil use waste copper slag","volume":"4","author":"Baraskar","year":"2014","journal-title":"IJESM"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib7","series-title":"Aggregates for Unbound and Hydraulically Bound Materials for Use in Civil Engineering Work and Road Construction","author":"BS EN 13242:2002+A1","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib8","series-title":"Chemical Soil Stabilization","author":"Building Research Advisory Board","year":"1969"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib9","first-page":"246","article-title":"A review on utilization of waste material \u2018copper slag\u2019 in geotechnical applications","volume":"1","author":"Chandrshekhar","year":"2015","journal-title":"IJRST"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib11","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Geoenvironmental Engineering, Hangzhou, China","first-page":"705","article-title":"Use of recycled copper slag in cement-treated Singapore marine clay","author":"Chew","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib12","series-title":"Use of Sewage Sludge and Other Waste Materials for Land Reclamation","first-page":"49","author":"Chu","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib13","series-title":"Recycling and Use of Waste Materials and By-products in Highway Construction","author":"Collins","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib14","series-title":"Principles of Geotechnical Engineering","author":"Das","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib15","series-title":"Geotechnical Properties of a Copper Slag","first-page":"1","author":"Das","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib16","series-title":"Steel Slag Utilization in Asphalt Mixes","author":"Emery","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib17","series-title":"Proceedings of the Structures Congress on Structural Materials","first-page":"323","article-title":"Use of copper slag for construction purposes","author":"Ferguson","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib18","series-title":"Use Guidelines for Waste and Byproduct Materials in Pavement Construction","author":"FHWA","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib19","series-title":"Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Coastal Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal","first-page":"472","article-title":"Dutch and Florida practices on revetment design","author":"Gerritsen","year":"1964"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib20","series-title":"Geotechnical Laboratory Measurements for Engineers","author":"Germaine","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib21","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Geo-Environmental Engineering, Singapore","first-page":"129","article-title":"Geotechnical properties of sewage sludge treated by cement and copper slag","author":"Goi","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib22","first-page":"123","article-title":"A study on the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of sandy and clayey soil stabilized by copper tailings","volume":"1","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Research in Civil and Environmental Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib23","first-page":"110","article-title":"An experimental study of clayey soil stabilized by copper slag","volume":"1","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"IJSCER"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib24","series-title":"Consolidation Characteristics of Granular Soils","author":"Hassib","year":"1951"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib25","first-page":"59","article-title":"Feasibility of utilization of copper slag-fly as-soil mixes for road construction","volume":"75","author":"Havanagi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Highway Research Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3141\/1989-43","article-title":"Feasibility of copper slag-fly ash-soil mix as a road construction material","volume":"2","author":"Havanagi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the Transportation Research Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib27","series-title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering of Ground and Environmental Geotechnics, Hyderabad, India","first-page":"259","article-title":"Experimental study on the use of copper slag wastes in embankment and pavement construction","author":"Havanagi","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib28","series-title":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management, Philadelphia, PA, USA","first-page":"133","article-title":"Copper slag as an alternative material for road construction","author":"Havanagi","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib29","first-page":"51","article-title":"Waste materials for construction of road embankment and pavement layers","volume":"1","author":"Havanagi","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Engineering Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib31","series-title":"General Report on Road Research Work Done in India During 2008\u201309","author":"IRC Highway Research Board","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib32","series-title":"General Report on Road Research Work Done in India During 2010\u201311","author":"IRC Highway Research Board","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib33","series-title":"Proceeding of the 3rd International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics, Lisbon, Portugal","first-page":"1279","article-title":"Re-use of by-products","author":"Kamon","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib35","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Melbourne, Australia","first-page":"1095","article-title":"Reuse of waste and its environmental impact","author":"Kamon","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib36","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Centrifuge Modeling, Rotterdam, the Netherlands","first-page":"831","article-title":"Behavior of sand compaction piles constructed from copper slag sand","author":"Kitazume","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib37","series-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics, Lisbon, Portugal","first-page":"643","article-title":"Field test on applicability of copper slag sand to sand compaction pile method","author":"Kitazume","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib38","series-title":"Soil Mechanics","author":"Lambe","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib39","series-title":"Soil Mechanics","author":"Lambe","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib40","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Transportation Planning and Implementation Methodologies for Developing Countries, Mumbai, India","article-title":"Utilization of fly ash and copper slag mix for reducing the pavement thickness on clayey subgrade","author":"Lakshmanan","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib41","series-title":"Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical Conference, Kochi, India","first-page":"445","article-title":"A review on utilization of copper slag in geotechnical applications","author":"Lavanya","year":"2011"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Influence of admixture on shear parameters of copper slag","volume":"1","author":"Lavanya","year":"2012","journal-title":"IJERT"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.9790\/1684-0761925","article-title":"Study on coefficient of permeability of copper slag when admixed with lime and cement","volume":"7","author":"Lavanya","year":"2013","journal-title":"IOSR-JMCE"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib44","first-page":"31","article-title":"Resource conservation by use of iron and steel slags","volume":"774","author":"Lewis","year":"1982","journal-title":"ASTM Special Technical Publication"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X06061769","article-title":"Assessment of the use of spent copper slag for land reclamation","volume":"24","author":"Lim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Waste Management and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib46","series-title":"2012 Standard Specifications for Construction","author":"MDOT","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib47","series-title":"Waste Materials as Potential Replacements for Highway Aggregates","author":"Miller","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib48","series-title":"Once Again Slag Proves \u201cLess is More\u201d on Michigan\u2019s M-63 in Benton Harbour","author":"National Slag Association","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib49","series-title":"Influence of Compaction on Copper Slag When Admixture is Added","author":"Navya","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib50","series-title":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris, France","first-page":"3243","article-title":"Utilization of waste copper slag as a substitute for sand in vertical sand drains and sand piles","author":"Nawagamuwa","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib51","series-title":"Iron and Steel Slag Products: Civil Engineering Works and Ports\/Harbours","author":"Nippon Slag Association","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib52","series-title":"Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical Conference, Roorkee, India","first-page":"1","article-title":"Utilization of copper ore tailings and fly ash mix as road subgrade\/embankment material","author":"Nitish","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib53","series-title":"Highways","first-page":"66","article-title":"Soils for roadworks","author":"O\u2019Flaherty","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib54","series-title":"Use of Waste Materials and Byproducts in Road Construction","author":"Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib55","first-page":"17","article-title":"Use of copper slag and fly ash mix as subgrade and embankment fill material","volume":"11","author":"Patel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Indian Highway"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib56","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering, Noida, India","first-page":"16","article-title":"Feasibility of copper slag-fly ash mix as a road construction material","author":"Patel","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib57","series-title":"Draft BS EN 13242 Aggregates for Unbound and Hydraulically Bound Materials for Use in Civil Engineering Work and Road Construction","author":"prEN 13242","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib58","series-title":"Design of Water Resources Systems","first-page":"10","author":"Purcell","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib59","series-title":"Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical Conference, Ahmedabad, India","first-page":"301","article-title":"Improvement of problematic clays admixed with copper slag by artificial cementation","author":"Saravana","year":"2005"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.15623\/ijret.2014.0309058","article-title":"Effect of using copper slag as a backfill retaining wall","volume":"3","author":"Sathya","year":"2014","journal-title":"IJRET"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib61","series-title":"Geotechnical Characterization of Copper Slag Towards Civil Engineering Constructions","author":"Shabbeer","year":"2012"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000756","article-title":"Engineering properties of copper slag-fly ash-dolomite mix and its utilization in the base course of flexible pavements","volume":"25","author":"Shahu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib64","series-title":"Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference, Bangalore, India","first-page":"234","article-title":"Utilization of copper slag as subgrade","author":"Tandel","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib65","first-page":"71","article-title":"Review of utilization of copper slag in highway construction","volume":"44","author":"Tandel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Australian Geomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib66","series-title":"Foundation Design","author":"Teng","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib67","series-title":"Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice","author":"Terzaghi","year":"1967"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1021\/ac50043a017","article-title":"Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation particulate trace metal","volume":"51","author":"Tessier","year":"1979","journal-title":"Analytical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib69","series-title":"Recycled Materials and Byproducts in Highway Applications \u2013 Summary Report","author":"Transportation Research Board","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib71","series-title":"Method 1311: Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)","author":"US EPA","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib72","series-title":"Code of Federal Regulations: Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste, Subpart C \u2013 Characteristics of Hazardous Waste, 40 CFR 261.24","author":"US EPA","year":"2012"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7_bib73","first-page":"1090","article-title":"Shear strength and load settlement behavior of copper slag in sand pile","volume":"3","author":"Viji","year":"2014","journal-title":"IJERT"}],"container-title":["Sustainable Construction Materials: Copper Slag"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:B9780081009864000067?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:B9780081009864000067?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T06:37:25Z","timestamp":1533883045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/B9780081009864000067"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"ISBN":["9780081009864"],"references-count":66,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-08-100986-4.00006-7","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}