{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T18:10:07Z","timestamp":1757614207719,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9780323918886"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T08:27:34Z","timestamp":1653121654000},"page":"85-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Best practices when conducting and reporting a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4262-8608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda S.","family":"Tonin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1495-4801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline F.","family":"Bonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8529-9595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Fernandez-Llimos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-014-0197-z","article-title":"A review of the methodological challenges in assessing the cost effectiveness of pharmacist interventions","volume":"32","author":"Elliott","year":"2014","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.18549\/PharmPract.2021.1.2302","article-title":"Principles of pharmacoeconomic analysis: the case of pharmacist-led interventions","volume":"19","author":"Tonin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm Pract (Granada)"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2019.80.11.636","article-title":"Meta-analysis: a critical appraisal of the methodology, benefits and drawbacks","volume":"80","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"10092","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31592-6","article-title":"Progress in evidence-based medicine: a quarter century on","volume":"390","author":"Djulbegovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0030","first-page":"CD011207","article-title":"Community pharmacy interventions for health promotion: effects on professional practice and health outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Steed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.07.031","article-title":"Pharmacy practice research\u2014a call to action","volume":"16","author":"Garcia-Cardenas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Soc Adm Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2019.12.016","article-title":"Impact of community pharmacist-led interventions in chronic disease management on clinical, utilization, and economic outcomes: an umbrella review","volume":"16","author":"Newman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Soc Adm Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.23.1.113.31910","article-title":"Evidence of the economic benefit of clinical pharmacy services: 1996-2000","volume":"23","author":"Schumock","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.18549\/PharmPract.2020.4.1976","article-title":"For which patient subgroups are there positive outcomes from a medication review? A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Abrahamsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharm Pract (Granada)"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70588","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070588","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of a community pharmacist intervention in patients with depression: a randomized controlled trial (PRODEFAR study)","volume":"8","author":"Rubio-Valera","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e013627","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013627","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of medication reviews conducted by pharmacists on cardiovascular diseases risk factors in ambulatory care","volume":"8","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Mardones","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0065","first-page":"699","article-title":"A systematic review of evidence-based community pharmacy services aimed at the prevention of cardiovascular disease","volume":"22","author":"Sabater-Hernandez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2013.08.006","article-title":"Pharmacist services provided in general practice clinics: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res Soc Adm Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002333","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002333","article-title":"Reproducible research practices and transparency across the biomedical literature","volume":"14","author":"Iqbal","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.10.017","article-title":"Reproducible research practices are underused in systematic reviews of biomedical interventions","volume":"94","author":"Page","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"year":"2020","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.1 (Updated September 2020)","author":"Higgins","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0085"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13217","article-title":"Glossary for systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"53","author":"Nagendrababu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0035","article-title":"Meta-analyses can be credible and useful: a new standard","volume":"74","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy197","article-title":"Methodological quality assessment of network meta-analysis of drug interventions: implications from a systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Tonin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.18549\/PharmPract.2017.01.943","article-title":"Network meta-analysis: a technique to gather evidence from direct and indirect comparisons","volume":"15","author":"Tonin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm Pract (Granada)"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20f13698","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.20f13698","article-title":"Understanding the basics of meta-analysis and how to read a forest plot: as simple as it gets","volume":"81","author":"Andrade","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-11-22","article-title":"Dealing with substantial heterogeneity in cochrane reviews. Cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Schroll","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12147","article-title":"How evidence-based medicine is failing due to biased trials and selective publication","volume":"20","author":"Every-Palmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12210","article-title":"The mass production of redundant, misleading, and conflicted systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"94","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.658","article-title":"Errors in the conduct of systematic reviews of pharmacological interventions for irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Ford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-016-0126-3","article-title":"On the reproducibility of meta-analyses: six practical recommendations","volume":"4","author":"Lakens","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-020-0091-5","article-title":"Reproducible and transparent research practices in published neurology research","volume":"5","author":"Rauh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Integr Peer Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0361-y","article-title":"Time to consider sharing data extracted from trials included in systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Wolfenden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171600324X","article-title":"Biases in research: risk factors for non-replicability in psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy research","volume":"47","author":"Leichsenring","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.03.007","article-title":"The number needed to treat in pairwise and network meta-analysis and its graphical representation","volume":"111","author":"Veroniki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.11.002","article-title":"Systematic reviews experience major limitations in reporting absolute effects","volume":"72","author":"Alonso-Coello","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17041","article-title":"Medication review interventions to reduce hospital readmissions in older people","volume":"69","author":"Dautzenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.17796\/1053-4628-41.5.317","article-title":"Understanding and appraising systematic reviews and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Mittal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X005010003","article-title":"Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research","volume":"5","author":"Glass","year":"1976","journal-title":"Educ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076807100012020","article-title":"An historical perspective on meta-analysis: dealing quantitatively with varying study results","volume":"100","author":"O'Rourke","year":"2007","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7119.1371","article-title":"Meta-analysis. Potentials and promise","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7126.221","article-title":"Meta-analysis. Unresolved issues and future developments","volume":"316","author":"Davey Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029300200202","article-title":"The statistical basis of meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Fleiss","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0200","unstructured":"Equator Network. Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research. EQUATOR Network. https:\/\/www.equator-network.org\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2018.1524751","article-title":"Meta-analyses using real-world data to generate clinical and epidemiological evidence: a systematic literature review of existing recommendations","volume":"34","author":"Briere","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) group","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1006\/ceps.2000.1040","article-title":"Measures of effect size for comparative studies: applications, interpretations, and limitations","volume":"25","author":"Olejnik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contemp Educ Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195529","article-title":"Estimating the mean effect size in meta-analysis: bias, precision, and mean squared error of different weighting methods","volume":"35","author":"Van Den Noortgate","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-12-00156.1","article-title":"Using effect size-or why the P value is not enough","volume":"4","author":"Sullivan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303810","article-title":"Evaluating public health interventions: 6. Modeling ratios or differences? Let the data tell us","volume":"107","author":"Spiegelman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.823","article-title":"Meta-analysis of binary data: which within study variance estimate to use?","volume":"20","author":"Chang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.650","article-title":"A comparison of statistical methods for meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Brockwell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-3485.167092","article-title":"Common pitfalls in statistical analysis: odds versus risk","volume":"6","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspect Clin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198806303182605","article-title":"An assessment of clinically useful measures of the consequences of treatment","volume":"318","author":"Laupacis","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0875-8","article-title":"Number needed to treat (NNT) in clinical literature: an appraisal","volume":"15","author":"Mendes","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-016-0377-9","article-title":"Benefit-risk of therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: testing the number needed to treat to benefit (NNTB), number needed to treat to harm (NNTH) and the likelihood to be helped or harmed (LHH): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Mendes","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7168.1309","article-title":"Confidence intervals for the number needed to treat","volume":"317","author":"Altman","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-2-3","article-title":"Meta-analysis, Simpson's paradox, and the number needed to treat","volume":"2","author":"Altman","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0280","series-title":"Introduction to Meta-Analysis","first-page":"127","article-title":"Prediction intervals","author":"Borestein","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3814","article-title":"Estimation of the effect size in meta-analysis with few studies","volume":"29","author":"Longford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2006.04.004","article-title":"Random-effects model for meta-analysis of clinical trials: an update","volume":"28","author":"DerSimonian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2008.00552.x","article-title":"A re-evaluation of random-effects meta-analysis","volume":"172","author":"Higgins","year":"2009","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1230","article-title":"Basics of meta-analysis: I(2) is not an absolute measure of heterogeneity","volume":"8","author":"Borenstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d549","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d549","article-title":"Interpretation of random effects meta-analyses","volume":"342","author":"Riley","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1348\/000711007X255327","article-title":"Fixed- versus random-effects models in meta-analysis: model properties and an empirical comparison of differences in results","volume":"62","author":"Schmidt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Math Stat Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3875","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1009","article-title":"A refined method for the meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials with binary outcome","volume":"20","author":"Hartung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.791","article-title":"On tests of the overall treatment effect in meta-analysis with normally distributed responses","volume":"20","author":"Hartung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3153","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1262","article-title":"A simple confidence interval for meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Sidik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010247","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010247","article-title":"Plea for routinely presenting prediction intervals in meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"IntHout","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2015.10.023","article-title":"Understanding and evaluating meta-analysis","volume":"147","author":"Dawson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1345","article-title":"A simple method to estimate prediction intervals and predictive distributions: summarizing meta-analyses beyond means and confidence intervals","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.2.193","article-title":"Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Q statistic or I2 index?","volume":"11","author":"Huedo-Medina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0162874","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162874","article-title":"Prediction interval: what to expect when you're expecting ... a replication","volume":"11","author":"Spence","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.10.019","article-title":"The statistical significance of randomized controlled trial results is frequently fragile: a case for a fragility index","volume":"67","author":"Walsh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.03.012","article-title":"The statistical significance of meta-analyses is frequently fragile: definition of a fragility index for meta-analyses","volume":"111","author":"Atal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0370","first-page":"346","article-title":"The fragility index: a P-value in sheep's clothing?","volume":"38","author":"Carter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d7762","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d7762","article-title":"Assessment of publication bias, selection bias, and unavailable data in meta-analyses using individual participant data: a database survey","volume":"344","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1986.4.10.1529","article-title":"Publication bias: the case for an international registry of clinical trials","volume":"4","author":"Simes","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.4.281","article-title":"Effect of the statistical significance of results on the time to completion and publication of randomized efficacy trials","volume":"279","author":"Ioannidis","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6342","article-title":"Statistical methods for dealing with publication bias in meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Jin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d4002","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4002","article-title":"Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials","volume":"343","author":"Sterne","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1482","article-title":"A confidence interval robust to publication bias for random-effects meta-analysis of few studies","volume":"12","author":"Henmi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.11.024","article-title":"High prevalence but low impact of data extraction and reporting errors were found in Cochrane systematic reviews","volume":"58","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.06.002","article-title":"Methodological standards for conducting and reporting meta-analyses: ensuring the replicability of meta-analyses of pharmacist-led medication review","volume":"18","author":"Bonetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Soc Adm Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1951.tb00088.x","article-title":"The interpretation of interaction in contingency tables","volume":"13","author":"Simpson","year":"1951","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-020-01058-5","article-title":"Mapping the characteristics of meta-analyses of pharmacy services: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Bonetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0425","article-title":"Methodological quality and risk of bias of meta-analyses of pharmacy services: a systematic review","author":"Bonetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Soc Adm Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2018.09.021","article-title":"Pharmacy-led interventions to improve medication adherence among adults with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Presley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Soc Adm Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0435","article-title":"Impact of community-pharmacist-led medication review programmes on patient outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","author":"Al-Babtain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Soc Adm Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2021.01.028","article-title":"Association of pharmacist counseling with adherence, 30-day readmission, and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"61","author":"Kelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.12788\/jhm.3182","article-title":"Impact of pharmacist-led discharge counseling on hospital readmission and emergency department visits: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Bonetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-015-0137-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of clinical pharmacy services: an overview of systematic reviews (2000\u20132010)","volume":"37","author":"Rotta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12339","article-title":"Ensuring consistent reporting of clinical pharmacy services to enhance reproducibility in practice: an improved version of DEPICT","volume":"21","author":"Rotta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-011-9592-0","article-title":"An analysis of quality of systematic reviews on pharmacist health interventions","volume":"34","author":"Melchiors","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-019-00833-3","article-title":"Pharmacy-supported interventions at transitions of care: an umbrella review","volume":"41","author":"Lipovec","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4_bb0470","first-page":"685","article-title":"Reviewing the literature, how systematic is systematic?","volume":"38","author":"MacLure","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"}],"container-title":["Contemporary Research Methods in Pharmacy and Health Services"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:B9780323918886000284?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:B9780323918886000284?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T05:01:16Z","timestamp":1757048476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/B9780323918886000284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"ISBN":["9780323918886"],"references-count":93,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-323-91888-6.00028-4","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}