{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T19:16:04Z","timestamp":1776194164888,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023978","name":"CCDR-N","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023978","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Atmospheric Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T16:35:56Z","timestamp":1774283756000},"page":"121977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of airborne VMSs in diversified household and work environments - levels and daily exposure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"374","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5740-5445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Sober\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Catarina","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4102-9606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Ratola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10233","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.3c06287","article-title":"Volatile methyl siloxane atmospheric oxidation mechanism from a theoretical perspective\u2500how is the siloxanol formed?","volume":"127","author":"Alton","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143380","article-title":"Air pollution caused by phthalates and cyclic siloxanes in Hanoi, Vietnam: levels, distribution characteristics, and implications for inhalation exposure","volume":"760","author":"Anh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2008.03.006","article-title":"Siloxane removal from biosolids by peroxidation","volume":"49","author":"Appels","year":"2008","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib4","series-title":"A Review of Source Apportionment Techniques and Marker Substances Available for Identification of Personal Exposure, Indoor and Outdoor Sources of Chemicals","first-page":"54","author":"Bruinen de Bruin","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8835","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c10752","article-title":"Concentrations of volatile methyl siloxanes in New York city reflect emissions from personal care and industrial use","volume":"58","author":"Brunet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.016","article-title":"From the shop to the drain \u2014 volatile methylsiloxanes in cosmetics and personal care products","volume":"92\u201393","author":"Capela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2013.10.020","article-title":"Linear and cyclic methylsiloxanes in air by concurrent solvent recondensation\u2013large volume injection\u2013gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry","volume":"118","author":"Companioni-Damas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.07.106","article-title":"Understanding the effects of the origin, occurrence, monitoring, control, fate and removal of siloxanes on the energetic valorization of sewage biogas-A review","volume":"52","author":"de Arespacochaga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib10","series-title":"Annex XV Restriction report-D4, D5 and D6","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib9","series-title":"Decamethyltetrasiloxane: Substance Infocard","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib11","year":"2024","journal-title":"Off. J. Eur. Union"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.081","article-title":"Siloxane in baking moulds, emission to indoor air and migration to food during baking with an electric oven","volume":"126","author":"Fromme","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/34668","article-title":"Volatile methyl siloxanes as potential hazardous air pollutants","volume":"24","author":"Gaj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.02.013","article-title":"Volatile methyl siloxanes (VMS) concentrations in outdoor air of several Catalan urban areas","volume":"155","author":"Gallego","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib15","series-title":"Handbook of Environmental Chemistry","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/698_2018_343","article-title":"Levels of volatile methyl siloxanes in outdoor air","author":"Gallego","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s12633-015-9309-4","article-title":"Organosilicon fragrance carriers","volume":"7","author":"Ganicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Silicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106672","article-title":"Assessment of internal exposure to methylsiloxanes in children and associated non-dietary exposure risk","volume":"154","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10827","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-10827-2022","article-title":"Secondary organic aerosols from OH oxidation of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes as an important Si source in the atmosphere","volume":"22","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1021\/envhealth.4c00245","article-title":"A review of contamination status and health risk assessment of volatile methylsiloxanes in environmental matrices","volume":"3","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Health (Nagpur)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib20","series-title":"The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50135-8","article-title":"Volatile methylsiloxanes in the environment","author":"Homem","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-008-9172-z","article-title":"Survey of organosilicone compounds, including cyclic and linear siloxanes, in personal-care and household products","volume":"55","author":"Horii","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.10.113","article-title":"On the consequence of substituting maximum likelihood estimates for the observations below the limit of detection","volume":"144","author":"Jain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19999","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c05156","article-title":"Siloxane emissions and exposures during the use of hair care products in buildings","volume":"57","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125126","article-title":"Lung cell exposure to secondary photochemical aerosols generated from OH oxidation of cyclic siloxanes","volume":"241","author":"King","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4463","DOI":"10.1021\/es400427h","article-title":"Calibration and application of a passive air sampler (XAD-PAS) for volatile methyl siloxanes","volume":"47","author":"Krogseth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib25","first-page":"279","article-title":"Volatile methyl siloxanes in polar regions","volume":"89","author":"Krogseth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Handb. Environ. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib27","series-title":"Toxicity and Alternatives","article-title":"Siloxanes - consumption","author":"Larssen","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126020","article-title":"Typical indoor concentrations and mass flow of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) in Dalian, China","volume":"248","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106471","article-title":"Methylsiloxanes in petroleum refinery facility: their sources, emissions, environmental distributions and occupational exposure","volume":"152","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1021\/es902764z","article-title":"Transport of semivolatile organic compounds to the Tibetan Plateau: spatial and temporal variation in air concentrations in mountainous Western Sichuan, China","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2018.11.030","article-title":"Quantification of silicone oil and its degradation products in aqueous pharmaceutical formulations by 1H-NMR spectroscopy","volume":"108","author":"Malmstr\u00f8m","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3276","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063276","article-title":"Indoor air quality in buildings: a comprehensive review on the factors influencing air pollution in residential and commercial structure","volume":"18","author":"Mannan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2011.09.003","article-title":"Size exclusion chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection as a method for speciation analysis of polydimethylsiloxanes. III. Identification and determination of dimeticone and simeticone in pharmaceutical formulations","volume":"58","author":"Mojsiewicz-Pie\u0144kowska","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15427","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c05438","article-title":"Volatile methyl siloxanes and other organosilicon compounds in residential air","volume":"56","author":"Molinier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4522","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c00227","article-title":"Development of a new passive sampling method for the measurement of atmospheric linear and cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes","volume":"55","author":"Okan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib36","series-title":"The Use of Time by Men and Women in Portugal","author":"Perista","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2013.06.006","article-title":"Occurrence of linear and cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in indoor air samples (UK and Italy) and their isotopic characterization","volume":"59","author":"Pieri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5574-4","article-title":"Using air, soil and vegetation to assess the environmental behaviour of siloxanes","volume":"23","author":"Ratola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500319v","article-title":"Environmental chemistry of organosiloxanes","volume":"115","author":"R\u00fccker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.04.032","article-title":"Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) in indoor air from occupational and home environments","volume":"241","author":"Sha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120423","article-title":"Seasonal occurrence, concentrations, and occupational exposure to VMSs in different environments of a WWTP","volume":"315","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Sober\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.07.168","article-title":"A review of contamination status, emission sources, and human exposure to volatile methyl siloxanes (VMSs) in indoor environments","volume":"691","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.06.092","article-title":"Cyclic and linear siloxanes in indoor air from several northern cities in Vietnam: levels, spatial distribution and human exposure","volume":"184","author":"Tran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.08.101","article-title":"Cyclic siloxanes in indoor environments from hair salons in Hanoi, Vietnam: emission sources, spatial distribution, and implications for human exposure","volume":"212","author":"Tran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.12.022","article-title":"Occurrence of cyclic and linear siloxanes in indoor air from Albany, New York, USA, and its implications for inhalation exposure","volume":"511","author":"Tran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib46","series-title":"Exposure Factors Handbook","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1039\/D2EM00467D","article-title":"Seasonal and latitudinal variability in the atmospheric concentrations of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in the Northern hemisphere","volume":"25","author":"Wania","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112631","article-title":"Review of recent findings on occurrence and fates of siloxanes in environmental compartments","volume":"224","author":"Xiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c16890","article-title":"Highly volatile POPs in urban air across Asia and Africa: dominance of volatile methylsiloxanes","author":"Xiao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12732","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03512","article-title":"Chlorinated methylsiloxanes generated in the papermaking process and their fate in wastewater treatment processes","volume":"50","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.039","article-title":"Methyl siloxanes in environmental matrices and human plasma\/fat from both general industries and residential areas in China","volume":"505","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107324","article-title":"A large contribution of methylsiloxanes to particulate matter from ship emissions","volume":"165","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.120633","article-title":"Volatile methylsiloxanes of 141 personal care products in Korea: an adult exposure assessment","volume":"266","author":"Yesildagli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib54","article-title":"Re\u2010evaluation of dimethyl polysiloxane (E 900) as a food additive","volume":"18","author":"Younes","year":"2020","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.02.051","article-title":"Cyclic siloxanes in air, including identification of high levels in Chicago and distinct diurnal variation","volume":"92","author":"Yucuis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7868","DOI":"10.1021\/es401486f","article-title":"Effect of wind on the chemical uptake kinetics of a passive air sampler","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139591","article-title":"Silicone bakeware as a source of human exposure to cyclic siloxanes via inhalation and baked food consumption","volume":"497","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."}],"container-title":["Atmospheric Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1352231026002062?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1352231026002062?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T18:25:24Z","timestamp":1776191124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1352231026002062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S1352231026002062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-2310"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-2310","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of airborne VMSs in diversified household and work environments - levels and daily exposure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Atmospheric Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121977","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121977"}}